Bone最新文献

{"title":"ERK inhibits osteoclast differentiation in RAW 264.7 cells through the osteoprotegerin-mediated autophagy","authors":"Soo-Young Shin ,&nbsp;In-Soon Kang ,&nbsp;Chaekyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Osteoclasts (OCs) are bone-resorbing cells derived from the monocyte/macrophage lineage. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway controls cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, and survival, including those of OCs. In the present study, ERK inhibitors reduced the proliferation of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) and RAW 264.7 cells. However, ERK inhibitors decreased OC differentiation in BMMs but increased it in RAW 264.7 cells. ERK downregulation using small interfering RNA transfection also increased the OC differentiation and the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB, OC-specific markers, and OC-associated transcription factors in RAW 264.7 cells. These findings suggest ERK regulates OC differentiation in RAW 264.7 cells differently than in BMMs. Thus, we further investigated the mechanism by which ERK negatively regulates OC differentiation in RAW 264.7 cells. ERK inhibition decreased the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), a negative regulator of OC differentiation. OPG knockdown increased OC formation. ERK inhibitors activated the Akt/mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway while inhibiting unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1). This resulted in decreased levels of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3-II (LC3-II) and increased levels of p62, thereby reducing autophagy. In addition, OPG knockdown reduced autophagy by activating Akt/mTOR and inhibiting ULK1, resulting in decreased LC3-II and accumulated p62. Therefore, ERK inhibition promoted OC differentiation by downregulating OPG-mediated inhibition of osteoclastogenesis and autophagy in RAW 264.7 cells. These findings highlight ERK's complex role in OC differentiation and suggest that understanding ERK's dual impact on OC differentiation can provide insights into novel treatment strategies for bone-related disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9301,"journal":{"name":"Bone","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 117424"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption by lipids","authors":"Fang Luo,&nbsp;Tianyi Chen,&nbsp;Song Chen,&nbsp;Ding Bai,&nbsp;Xinyi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hyperactivation of osteoclasts has been identified as a significant etiological factor in several bone resorption-related disorders, including osteoporosis, periodontitis, arthritis, and bone metastasis of tumors. It has been demonstrated that the severity of these diseases is influenced by lipids that regulate osteoclast differentiation and activity through specific signaling pathways and cytokine levels. The regulatory mechanisms of different types of lipids on osteoclastogenesis vary across diverse disease contexts in bone resorption regulated by osteoclasts. This review presents an overview of the mechanisms underlying osteoclast formation and summarizes the pathways through which various lipids regulate osteoclastogenesis in different pathological contexts. We also discuss effective therapeutic strategies for osteolytic diseases based on modulation of lipid metabolism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9301,"journal":{"name":"Bone","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 117423"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local antibiotic delivery: Recent basic and translational science insights in orthopedics","authors":"Amir Human Hoveidaei ,&nbsp;Seyedarad Mosalamiaghili ,&nbsp;Amirhosein Sabaghian ,&nbsp;Sina Hajiaghajani ,&nbsp;Ali Soltani Farsani ,&nbsp;Mahdi Sahebi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Poursalehian ,&nbsp;Basilia Onyinyechukwu Nwankwo ,&nbsp;Janet D. Conway","doi":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Infections remain a significant challenge in orthopedic settings despite advancements in preventive measures. Antibiotics are the primary defense against infections, but optimal delivery methods to the infection site are still being investigated. This review aims to examine existing approaches for local drug delivery from a basic science perspective.</div></div><div><h3>Recent findings</h3><div>Achieving adequate antibiotic concentration at the infection site is challenging due to compromised vasculature in ischemic conditions. Local administration methods, including antibiotic-loaded carriers such as impregnated bone grafts and various bone substitutes, are being explored as alternatives to systemic antibiotic use.</div></div><div><h3>Summary</h3><div>Various materials, including polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), hydroxyapatite, calcium phosphate/sulfate, bone glass, and hydrogel, are being investigated for local antibiotic delivery. Some of these materials possess inherent antibacterial properties due to their chemical interactions. The selection of appropriate antibiotics, their dosage, release kinetics from the carrier material, physical behavior of the material/graft, and biocompatibility are key areas for further investigation in basic science research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9301,"journal":{"name":"Bone","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 117416"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143367089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineralised bone properties in a child with recessive osteogenesis imperfecta type XIV and in a conditional Tmem38b knockout murine model (Runx2-Cre; Tmem38bfl/fl)","authors":"Chloe E. Jones ,&nbsp;Stéphane Blouin ,&nbsp;Adalbert Raimann ,&nbsp;Gabriel Mindler ,&nbsp;Barbara M. Contento ,&nbsp;Roberta Besio ,&nbsp;Andreas Kranzl ,&nbsp;Benjamin Kraler ,&nbsp;Markus A. Hartmann ,&nbsp;Antonella Forlino ,&nbsp;Nadja Fratzl-Zelman","doi":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>OI type XIV is caused by variants in the <em>TMEM38B</em> gene, encoding for the ubiquitously expressed endoplasmic reticulum trimeric intracellular cation channel type B (TRIC-B), causing disruptions in calcium homeostasis and collagen synthesis. Patients with OI type XIV present with a highly variable clinical phenotype, ranging from asymptomatic to severe. We present here data from a 6 year clinical follow-up of two affected siblings and bone tissue characterisation obtained during corrective surgery from one of the patients, as well as tibiae from a novel <em>Tmem38b</em> conditional knockout murine model (<em>Runx2-Cre; Tmem38b</em>^{<em>fl/fl</em>}).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Clinical examinations of the patients include bone mineral density (BMD) measurements using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning and gait analyses. Quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI) was used to investigate bone mineralisation density distribution (BMDD) and osteocyte lacunae properties, and confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to quantify the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network (OLCN) in both human and murine specimens.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both patients (P1, P2) presented with muscular hypotension, fatigue, progression of lower limb deformities, and fractures. BMDD of the osteonal bone region of the tibia and fibula specimens obtained from P1 revealed no significant shift towards higher mineral content as seen in “classical” OI. Osteocyte lacunae porosity was elevated and analyses of the OLCN revealed a reduction in canalicular density and lacunar degree. <em>Runx2-Cre; Tmem38b</em>^{<em>fl/fl</em>} mice exhibited a very severe skeletal phenotype, with 10/12 of the tibiae showing evidence of fractures, bone deformations, or calluses. In contrast to the patient samples, both the cortex and metaphysis of mutant mice demonstrated a significant increase in the average mineral content (CaMean) and the peak of the distribution (CaPeak), as well as in osteocyte lacunae porosity (P &lt; 0.0001), whereas canalicular density (P &lt; 0.0001), and lacunar degree (P = 0.0004) were decreased.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>While <em>Runx2-Cre; Tmem38b</em>^{<em>fl/fl</em>} mice exhibit hypermineralisation of the bone matrix, this is not apparent in bone specimens obtained from the OI type XIV patient. However, both human and murine bone tissue with absence of TRIC-B demonstrate the same abnormalities of the osteocyte lacunae porosity and osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network, indicating disruption to the OLCN which is likely a general hallmark of OI bone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9301,"journal":{"name":"Bone","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 117421"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detailed characterization of bone marrow adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells in healthy donor, Fanconi anemia, and acute myeloid leukemia","authors":"Bihter Muratoğlu ,&nbsp;Cansu Özdemir ,&nbsp;Cemil Can Eylem ,&nbsp;Tuba Reçber ,&nbsp;Emirhan Nemutlu ,&nbsp;Esin Alpdündar-Bulut ,&nbsp;İbrahim Vargel ,&nbsp;Duygu Uçkan-Çetinkaya","doi":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bone marrow is a complex tissue featuring distinct cellular organization and diverse cell types. Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is a dynamic component crucial for tissue function and disease processes. This study explores differences between bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and BMAT-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMAT-MSCs), isolated from the same cavity, examining their differentiation potential and secretory profiles. BM-MSCs and BMAT-MSCs both exhibit classical mesenchymal characteristics, with over 90 % positivity for markers such as CD105 and CD29. Notably, BMAT-MSCs display significantly higher differentiation potential than BM-MSCs, with enhanced osteogenic and adipogenic capabilities, as indicated by increased calcium accumulation and lipid storage. In Fanconi anemia (FA) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), osteogenic potential is limited, indicating impaired differentiation under these pathological conditions. Gene expression analysis of adipogenic molecules and metabolic regulators revealed significant differences in expression profile between BM- and BMAT-MSCs, particularly during adipogenic differentiation, indicating distinct characteristics that were more notable in FAs and AMLs. Furthermore, metabolomic profiling of BM plasma, using GC–MS for in-vivo niche reflection, and lipid analysis via LC-qTOF-MS show significant lipidomic alterations in patient samples, highlighting metabolic dysregulation and lipid remodeling. Lipid-mediated signaling and membrane composition changes appear integral to disease mechanisms. In conclusion, this study highlights the distinctive molecular and metabolomic profiles and adaptive mechanisms of BM- and BMAT-MSCs in bone marrow pathologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9301,"journal":{"name":"Bone","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 117413"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global epidemiology of lower limb fractures: Trends, burden, and projections from the GBD 2021 study","authors":"Yunfa Wang ,&nbsp;Zhilin Wang ,&nbsp;Bin Chen ,&nbsp;Bofan Chen ,&nbsp;Ruiying Fang ,&nbsp;Haimin Zeng ,&nbsp;Jie Peng ,&nbsp;Yuan Gao ,&nbsp;Liang Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Lower limb fractures are a significant global public health issue, imposing considerable social and economic burdens. Despite their prevalence, comprehensive analyses of the global epidemiology of lower limb fractures remain scarce. This study aims to address this gap.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, we analyzed four types of lower limb fractures: fractures of foot bones excluding the ankle (FFB), hip fractures (FH), fractures of the patella, tibia or fibula, or ankle (FPTFA), and femur fractures excluding the femoral neck (FF), and conducted a detailed assessment of them.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>FPTFA was the most burdensome fracture type, with Slovenia showing the highest age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), and Saudi Arabia having the highest age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) and years lived with disability rate (ASYR). The burden of lower limb fractures increased with age, but FFB and FPTFA showed a “double peak” age distribution, with FFB most common in the 20–24 age group. Lower limb fractures were more prevalent in males among younger individuals and in females among older populations. From 1990 to 2021, the burden of lower limb fractures, excluding FH, decreased (EAPC &lt;1), though the incidence of FF is projected to increase (EAPC = 0.14, 95 % CI 0.1–0.18) over the next decade.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although the global burden of lower limb fractures, excluding FH, has decreased in recent years, vigilance is still needed. Given the projected rise in FF incidence over the next decade, preventive measures should be implemented early.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9301,"journal":{"name":"Bone","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 117420"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of acute performance fatigue on tibial bone strain during basketball maneuvers","authors":"Chenxi Yan ,&nbsp;Ryan J. Bice ,&nbsp;Jeff W. Frame ,&nbsp;Mariana E. Kersh ,&nbsp;Stuart J. Warden","doi":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tibia is one of the most common sites for bone stress injury (BSI) in active individuals. BSIs are thought to occur in response to damage accumulation from repetitive loading below the tissue's yield limit. The effect of fatigue on musculoskeletal biomechanics and tibial bone strain during athletic movements remains unclear. In this study, participant-specific finite element (FE) and musculoskeletal models in 10 collegiate-basketball players were used to analyze the effect of acute performance fatigue on joint kinematics and torques, ground reaction forces (GRFs), and the magnitude and distribution of tibial bone strains during select basketball maneuvers. Participants were fatigued by performing repeated exercises wearing a weighted vest until their vertical jump height decreased by 20 %. Fatigue reduced the vertical GRF during midstance of a jump task, and lowered hip and knee peak extension torques and ankle plantarflexion. However, fatigue had limited impact on tibial bone strain magnitude and distribution during jumping. In contrast, there was a shift in peak strain timing following fatigue during a lateral cut task and reduced strain at various times of stance during sprinting. The results suggest that fatigue was induced and, if anything, reduced tibial bone strain. As increased bone strain is thought to be associated with increased BSI risk, the reduced strain observed in the current study suggests that fatigue may actually be partly protective, possibly as a result of reduced muscle activation and force production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9301,"journal":{"name":"Bone","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 117417"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A statistical shape and density model can accurately predict bone morphology and regional femoral bone mineral density variation in children","authors":"Yidan Xu ,&nbsp;Jannes Brüling ,&nbsp;Laura Carman ,&nbsp;Ted Yeung ,&nbsp;Thor F. Besier ,&nbsp;Julie Choisne","doi":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Finite element analysis (FEA) is a widely used tool to predict bone biomechanics in orthopaedics for prevention, treatment, and implant design. Subject-specific FEA models are more accurate than generic adult-scaled models, especially for a paediatric population, due to significant differences in bone geometry and bone mineral density. However, creating these models can be time-consuming, costly and requires medical imaging. To address these limitations, population-based models have been successful in characterizing bone shape and density variation in adults. However, children are not small adults and need their own population-based model to generate accurate and accessible musculoskeletal geometry and bone mineral density in a paediatric population. Therefore, this study aimed to create a biomechanical research tool to predict the personalized shape and density of the paediatric femur using a statistical shape and density model for a population of children aged from 4 to 18 years old. Femur morphology and bone mineral density were extracted from 330 CT scans of children. Variations in shape and density were captured using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Principal components were correlated to demographic and linear bone measurements to create a predictive statistical shape-density model, which was used to predict femoral shape and density. A leave-one-out analysis showed that the shape-density model can predict the femur geometry with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.78 ± 0.46 mm and the bone mineral density with a normalized RMSE ranging from 8.9 % to 13.5 % across various femoral regions. These results underscore the model's potential to reflect real-world physiological variations in the paediatric femur. This statistical shape and density model has the potential for clinical application in rapidly generating personalized computational models using partial or no medical imaging data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9301,"journal":{"name":"Bone","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 117419"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global burden of injury due to low bone mineral density in adults aged 55 years and older, 1990 to 2021: A population-based study","authors":"Jiansheng Wang ,&nbsp;Shaoting Luo ,&nbsp;Fuxi Wang ,&nbsp;Federico Canavese ,&nbsp;Lianyong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the global burden of injuries due to low bone mineral density (BMD) among adults aged 55 and above from 1990 to 2021, focusing on mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and analyzing trends across sexes, age groups, and sociodemographic index (SDI) regions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, covering 204 countries and territories, were analyzed. Joinpoint regression quantified temporal changes in mortality and DALYs, calculating average annual percentage change (AAPC). Age-period-cohort modeling elucidated demographic influences, and decomposition analysis identified key contributors to mortality changes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Globally, in 2021, the crude DALY rate for injuries due to low BMD was 900.32 (95 % UI: 742.64 to 1081.51) per 100,000, and the crude mortality rate was 27.04 (95 % UI: 22.49 to 30.75) per 100,000. The age-standardized mortality rate for injuries due to low BMD showed no significant change from 1990 to 2021 (AAPC 0.26 %, <em>P</em> = 0.071), but there was a significant increase in countries with a high SDI (AAPC 0.51 %, <em>P</em> = 0.001). The burden of disease in persons aged 80 years and older remained substantial, with a slight increase. Decomposition analysis identified population growth as the main driver of increasing mortality and DALYs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Despite the reductions in DALY rates, the mortality has remained stable worldwide; however, has risen significantly in high SDI countries. The substantial and slightly increasing burden of disease in people aged 80 years and older underscores the need for targeted strategies for the prevention and management of low BMD to mitigate the future global impact of these injuries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9301,"journal":{"name":"Bone","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 117418"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are balance and lower extremity muscle strength correlated with fracture risk independent of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women?: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Büşra Şirin Ahısha ,&nbsp;Nurdan Paker","doi":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Postmenopausal women are at increased risk of fractures due to reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and impaired physical function. While fracture risk assessment tools like FRAX include clinical factors and BMD, they exclude functional measures such as balance and muscle strength, which are critical for fall prevention. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between two functional tests- the 30-Second Sit to Stand Test (30STS) and the One Leg Stance Test (OLST)- and fracture risk, independent of BMD in postmenopausal women aged 50–70.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study included 156 postmenopausal women aged 50–70. Fracture risk was assessed using FRAX. Postural balance was evaluated using the OLST, while lower extremity muscle strength was measured with the 30STS. Both tests were analyzed for correlations with 10-year risks of major osteoporotic fractures (MOF), hip fractures, femoral neck BMD, and T-score at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Participants were grouped based on OLST (&lt;10 s) and 30STS (&lt;15 repetitions) cut-offs, and fracture risks were compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>OLST and 30STS scores were significantly negatively correlated with 10-year hip fracture risk (<em>r</em> = −0.347, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001 and <em>r</em> = −0.197, <em>p</em> = 0.014, respectively). A significant negative correlation was also observed between OLST scores and 10-year MOF risk (<em>r</em> = −0.245, <em>p</em> = 0.002). Participants with OLST &lt;10 s had significantly higher 10-year hip and MOF risks, while those with 30STS &lt;15 had significantly higher 10-year hip fracture risk only. No correlation was found with femoral neck BMD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>LST and 30STS are associated with fracture risk independent of BMD in postmenopausal women aged 50–70. These practical tests may help identify individuals at higher fracture risk and support early interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9301,"journal":{"name":"Bone","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 117414"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}