BonePub Date : 2025-04-17DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2025.117490
M.S.A.M. Bevers , S. Moharir , F.L. Heyer , C.E. Wyers , J.P. van den Bergh , B. van Rietbergen
{"title":"A 2D-registration algorithm for the correction of motion-induced misalignments of consecutive image stacks in multi-stack high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT scans","authors":"M.S.A.M. Bevers , S. Moharir , F.L. Heyer , C.E. Wyers , J.P. van den Bergh , B. van Rietbergen","doi":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-stack imaging using high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT (HR-pQCT) can involve misalignments of consecutive image stacks (‘stack shift’) due to subject movement during scan acquisition. We developed a simple, 2D-registration algorithm for the correction of stack shifts in multi-stack HR-pQCT scans and investigated 1) the differences in standard HR-pQCT parameters and repeatability between before and after stack-shift correction; and 2) the correlation between the transformation needed for the stack-shift correction and corresponding difference in HR-pQCT parameters. The algorithm generates an artificial stack overlap of two slices, then rigidly registers the overlapping region (only in-plane translation allowed), and subsequently applies the resulting translation to the proximal stack. The algorithm was applied to data of 23 men and women with three same-day repeated scans (69 radius and 63 tibia scans, Dataset 1) and of 48 postmenopausal women with 78 radius scans taken at two time points with 12-week interval (Dataset 2). In both datasets, median differences in HR-pQCT parameters between before and after stack-shift correction were mostly significant yet small (≤0.53 %). The differences could vary considerably between subjects and ranged between −12.1 % and +35.8 % for cortical porosity, stiffness, and failure load. For the other HR-pQCT parameters, the differences ranged between ±0.8 % (Dataset 1) and between −4.5 % and +0.9 % (Dataset 2) among subjects. Spearman correlations between the magnitude of the translation and corresponding difference in HR-pQCT parameters were significant for most parameters in both datasets and strongest for stiffness and failure load (ρ = 0.687–0.947; <em>p</em> < 0.01). Based on Dataset 1, coefficients of variation differed between ±0.3 percentage points after stack-shift correction as compared to before. To conclude, correction of stack misalignments in two-stack HR-pQCT scans using our algorithm resulted in significant but negligible median differences in HR-pQCT parameters and precision, but differences could exceed least-significant differences and thereby be clinically relevant in individual subjects. The translation needed for the stack-shift correction correlated significantly with the difference in most HR-pQCT parameters, thereby potentially serving as objective measure for stack-shift severity. The algorithm can be applied directly after scan reconstruction, at low computational cost and without negative effects from image interpolation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9301,"journal":{"name":"Bone","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 117490"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BonePub Date : 2025-04-14DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2025.117489
Jiawen Shen , Yuzhen Chen , Mingyue Pan , Sirui Zhou , Yukun Xu , Fubin Liu , Tianxin Qiu , Dongxiao Li , Qing Zhao , Kewei Zhao
{"title":"Rhizoma Drynariae-derived EV-like particles alleviate osteoporosis by promoting osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs through the activation of the hsa_circ_0001275/miR-422a pathway","authors":"Jiawen Shen , Yuzhen Chen , Mingyue Pan , Sirui Zhou , Yukun Xu , Fubin Liu , Tianxin Qiu , Dongxiao Li , Qing Zhao , Kewei Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Osteoporosis (OP) is the most prevailing primary bone disease caused by the imbalance between bone resorption and formation. Rhizoma Drynariae-derived EV-like particles (RD-EVLP) perform the anti-osteoporosis effect by promoting the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (h-BMSCs) which may be regulated by circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). This study aimed to reveal the functional roles and mechanisms of the RD-EVLP regulating osteogenic differentiation of osteoporosis through the activation of hsa_circ_0001275 sponging miR-422a.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Notably, RD-EVLP isolated from fresh Rhizoma Drynariae <em>via</em> differential ultracentrifugation demonstrated three critical pharmacological attributes: (1) excellent biosafety profile with non-toxic and gastrointestinal stability, (2) bone-targeting specificity evidenced by femoral accumulation, and (3) potent anti-osteoporotic effects through promoting osteogenic differentiation <em>in vivo</em>. Meanwhile, RD-EVLP effectively internalized by h-BMSCs, enhanced proliferation of h-BMSCs, and promoted osteogenic differentiation and bone formation <em>in vitro</em>. For another, hsa_circ_0001275 and insulin like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) expressions were upregulated while miR-422a expression was downregulated during osteogenic differentiation. Knockdown of hsa_circ_0001275 inhibited mineralized nodule formation. Moreover, miR-422a was a target of hsa_circ_0001275 and knockdown of miR-422a promoted mineralized nodule formation and greatly reinforced the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), osteocalcin (OCN). What's more, miR-422a suppressed h-BMSCs osteogenic differentiation by downregulating IGF1R. Finally, RD-EVLP promoted osteogenic differentiation by enhancing hsa_circ_0001275 and IGF1R while reducing miR-422a expression levels of h-BMSCs during osteogenic induction.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>hsa_circ_0001275 could promote osteogenic differentiation by sponging miR-422a to upregulate IGF1R expression and RD-EVLP performed anti-OP activity through hsa_circ_0001275/miR-422a pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9301,"journal":{"name":"Bone","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 117489"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BonePub Date : 2025-04-11DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2025.117486
Jill H. Simmons , Edna E. Mancilla , Steven Mumm , Kathryn M. Dahir , Shenghui Duan , Kristie I. Aamodt , John T. Lawrence , Robert B. Carrigan , Michael P. Whyte
{"title":"Duplications within exon 1 of TNFRSF11A encoding receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK) are associated with tendon avulsion","authors":"Jill H. Simmons , Edna E. Mancilla , Steven Mumm , Kathryn M. Dahir , Shenghui Duan , Kristie I. Aamodt , John T. Lawrence , Robert B. Carrigan , Michael P. Whyte","doi":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Different length in-frame duplications within exon 1 of <em>TNFRSF11A</em> encoding receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK) increase osteoclast action and cause rapid turnover bone disease. Complications include deafness, fractures, immobilization hypercalcemia, tooth resorption, and painful skeletal deformities. We investigated two siblings and their father and an unrelated girl with this autosomal dominant dento-osseous phenotype who suffered tendon avulsions.</div></div><div><h3>Patients</h3><div>A 13-year-old boy, his 16-year-old sister, and their 43-year-old father, all with hearing loss and progressive tooth root resorption, have a heterozygous 27-bp duplication within exon 1 of <em>TNFRSF11A</em>. Within 3 years, the siblings suffered seven tendon avulsions with minimal trauma, including the distal Achilles, triceps, and quadriceps tendons. Alendronate was given weekly, which decreased bone turnover markers (BTMs) and treated mild immobilization hypercalcemia following tendon repairs. Their father suffered an Achilles tendon avulsion without a clear mechanism at 20 years of age.</div><div>An unrelated 10-year-old girl with hearing loss and progressive tooth root resorption was heterozygous de novo for a 12-bp duplication within exon 1 of <em>TNFRSF11A</em>. Alendronate was given weekly. At age 15 years, she bilaterally avulsed her triceps while playing volleyball and then avulsed her Achilles tendon two months later.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Tendon avulsion seems to be a complication of constitutive RANK activation from select duplications of <em>TNFRSF11A</em>, but its precise pathogenesis and the impact of bisphosphonate therapy remain uncertain. Bisphosphonate therapy can treat or prevent associated immobilization hypercalcemia and decrease BTMs in people with constitutive RANK activation from such mutations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9301,"journal":{"name":"Bone","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 117486"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BonePub Date : 2025-04-10DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2025.117487
Hyunwoo Kim , Leanne M. Ward , Lehana Thabane , Alexandra Papaioannou , Andy Kin On Wong , Jonathan Derrick Adachi , Jinhui Ma , Frank Rauch
{"title":"Reference values for cross-linked C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen and pro-collagen type1 N-terminal propeptide in children and adolescents: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey","authors":"Hyunwoo Kim , Leanne M. Ward , Lehana Thabane , Alexandra Papaioannou , Andy Kin On Wong , Jonathan Derrick Adachi , Jinhui Ma , Frank Rauch","doi":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Procollagen type 1 N-propeptide (P1NP) and carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) are bone turnover markers for diagnosing and monitoring metabolic bone diseases and growth disorders. This study aimed to establish representative reference ranges for CTX and P1NP, as measured with an IDS-iSYS system, in Canadian children and adolescents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Serum levels of CTX and P1NP were measured in participants of the Canadian Health Measures Survey, a nationally representative study. The LMSP method, using Box–Cox power exponential distribution to accommodate kurtosis in the distribution, was employed to estimate age- and sex-specific reference curves and parameters for Z-score calculation. In addition, non-parametric analysis was utilized to establish 95 % reference intervals for two-year age brackets. Reference curves were generated based on the cohort aged 6 to 27 years, and reference intervals were calculated based on the age range 6 to 20 years.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The cohort included 1840 participants for CTX (51.6 % males) and 4069 for P1NP (50.5 % males). Reference ranges for age and sex showed the expected patterns with peaks at the age of puberty (earlier in females than males). As the aim of the study was to present representative reference data, results were provided based on the entire study population regardless of ethnicity and health status. Results obtained in the most common ethnicity (‘white’) and in the subgroup of ‘healthy white’ study participants were similar.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study establishes age- and sex-specific reference values for serum concentrations of CTX and P1NP in Canadian individuals from 6 to 20 years of age. These results have the potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and inform bone health clinical decision-making for this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9301,"journal":{"name":"Bone","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 117487"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BonePub Date : 2025-04-10DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2025.117488
Samuel A. Fisch , Alina Tudor , El Mahdi Benchekroun , Wally Landsberg , Neil Feldstein , Michael Lamb , Thomas O. Carpenter , Andrew G. Rundle , Judith S. Jacobson , Alfred I. Neugut , Daniel E. Freedberg
{"title":"Craniosynostosis among children with X-linked hypophosphatemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Samuel A. Fisch , Alina Tudor , El Mahdi Benchekroun , Wally Landsberg , Neil Feldstein , Michael Lamb , Thomas O. Carpenter , Andrew G. Rundle , Judith S. Jacobson , Alfred I. Neugut , Daniel E. Freedberg","doi":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare genetic disorder caused by <em>PHEX</em> gene variants, leading to elevated FGF23 levels and impaired phosphate reabsorption, resulting in abnormal bone growth. Skull abnormalities, including craniosynostosis, are often reported in children with XLH, but the true prevalence of craniosynostosis among children with XLH is unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate craniosynostosis prevalence in children with XLH. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for cohort studies or large case series published before June 2024. Eligible studies included at least ten children with XLH and reported craniosynostosis prevalence without selection based on skull abnormalities. Pooled prevalence was calculated using a random-effects model, with heterogeneity assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 517 studies initially identified, ten studies with 461 patients met the criteria for inclusion. The pooled prevalence of craniosynostosis among children with XLH was 22 % (95 % confidence interval (CI) 9.0 % to 44 %) with significant heterogeneity across studies (I<sup>2</sup> = 88.5 %, <em>p</em> < 0.01). This prevalence is far greater than the prevalence of craniosynostosis in the general pediatric population, which is estimated to be one in 2100–2500 births. We confirmed an expected female predominance among children with XLH (median 65.9 % female, interquartile range [IQR] 53.7 % to 68.4 %) but not among children with XLH and craniosynostosis (median 42 % female, range 21 % to 48 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Craniosynostosis is more common among children with XLH compared to the general pediatric population and may be disproportionately common among males. Increased vigilance for craniosynostosis is warranted for children with XLH.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9301,"journal":{"name":"Bone","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 117488"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BonePub Date : 2025-04-09DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2025.117485
Kaihong Weng , Yuting He , Xiquan Weng , Yu Yuan
{"title":"Exercise alleviates osteoporosis by regulating the secretion of the Senescent Associated Secretory Phenotype","authors":"Kaihong Weng , Yuting He , Xiquan Weng , Yu Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the elderly population grows, the number of patients with metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis has increased sharply, posing a significant threat to public health and social economics. Although pharmacological therapies for osteoporosis demonstrate therapeutic benefits, their prolonged use is associated with varying degrees of adverse effects. As a non-pharmacological intervention, exercise is widely recognized for its cost-effectiveness, safety, and lack of toxic side effects, making it a recommended treatment for osteoporosis prevention and management. Previous studies have demonstrated that exercise can improve metabolic bone diseases by modulating the Senescent Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP). However, the mechanisms through which exercise influences SASP remain unclear. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the effects of exercise on SASP and elucidate the specific mechanisms by which exercise regulates SASP to alleviate osteoporosis, providing a theoretical basis for osteoporosis through exercise and developing targeted therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9301,"journal":{"name":"Bone","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 117485"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Scanning acoustic microscopy for biomechanical characterization of reindeer antler using singular spectral analysis","authors":"Adarsh Sharma , Shivam Ojha , Amit Shelke , Anowarul Habib","doi":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scanning Acoustic Microscopy (SAM) has become a vital tool in materials science and biology, allowing for non-destructive and non-invasive analysis of biological specimens and bio-inspired materials. Its deep-penetrating imaging capabilities enable a broad range of applications. This study combines SAM with Singular Spectral Analysis (SSA) to enhance signal processing and extract key data, particularly acoustic impedance. Reindeer antlers, known for their rapid growth and unique mechanical properties, were chosen as a focus for this method. SAM was used to quantify the specific acoustic impedance, longitudinal stiffness, bulk modulus, and Young's modulus of the material at three orientations (0°, 45°, and 90°). This analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of the directional dependence of its structural behavior, highlighting its orthotropic nature. By analyzing cross-sections along three axes, this study reveals the orthotropic biomechanical properties of reindeer antlers, offering a systematic approach to characterizing biological materials. Their unique strength, resilience, and rapid growth highlight their potential as a sustainable and innovative biomaterial for bioengineering and advanced composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9301,"journal":{"name":"Bone","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 117475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BonePub Date : 2025-04-07DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2025.117477
Steven Mumm , José L. Paz-Ibarra , Philippe M. Campeau , Elizabeth Garrido-Carrasco , Jonathan C. Baker , Ethel Pino-Nina , Shenghui Duan , William H. McAlister , Michael P. Whyte
{"title":"Transforming growth factor, beta-2 gene mutation causes autosomal dominant Camurati-Engelmann disease, type 2 (OMIM % 606631)","authors":"Steven Mumm , José L. Paz-Ibarra , Philippe M. Campeau , Elizabeth Garrido-Carrasco , Jonathan C. Baker , Ethel Pino-Nina , Shenghui Duan , William H. McAlister , Michael P. Whyte","doi":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Camurati-Engelmann disease</em>, <em>type 1</em> (CED1, OMIM # <span><span>131300</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) is the rare autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia caused by select heterozygous loss-of-function defects within the gene <em>TGFB1</em>, which encodes transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1). CED1 mutations are found in <em>TGFB1</em> exons 1–4 that form the latency-associated peptide (LAP) of pro-TGFB1. Consequently, skeletal action of TGFB1 increases and thereby enhances bone formation manifest clinically as “progressive diaphyseal dysplasia”. Beginning 24 years ago negative <em>TGFB1</em> analysis suggested rare genetic heterogeneity for CED, and Online Mendelian Inheritance In Man designated, of unknown etiology, “<em>CED2</em>” (OMIM % 606631). In 2024, three sporadic occurrences considered CED2 were reported to harbor either of two mutations of <em>TGFB2</em>, which encodes the LAP of transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFB2).</div><div>Herein, three adults (father, son, daughter) having the CED2 phenotype in a Peruvian family revealed a novel missense variant (c.108G > T, p.R36S) within the TGFB2 LAP domain. Debilitating painful skeletal disease featuring hyperostosis of entire long bones, worse in the men, presented early in childhood. Aminobisphosphonate therapy seemed helpful. Their <em>TGFB2</em> variant was within a highly conserved domain across species, absent in the gnomAD database, “possibly damaging” by Polyphen-2, not tolerated by SIFT, homologous with TGFB1 at the same amino acid position (R36) as one reported TGFB2 mutation, co-segregated as autosomal dominant, and “likely pathogenic” per ACMG guidelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9301,"journal":{"name":"Bone","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 117477"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influences and strategies for bone regeneration based on microenvironment pH adjustment","authors":"Jing Zhang , Xinyi Shen , Zhikang Wang, Jiawen Yong, Zhiwei Jiang, Guoli Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bone.2025.117484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bone possesses remarkable endogenous regenerative capacity. Bone regeneration is typically divided into three stages: inflammation, bone formation, and bone remodeling, during which pH is a critical variable. The influence of pH on the bone regeneration process depends on three main factors: (1) the activity and differentiation of cells involved in bone regeneration are affected by pH; (2) protein activity is regulated by pH; and (3) extracellular calcium phosphate precipitates in a pH-dependent manner. The aim of this study is to review the mechanisms by which microenvironment pH affects bone regeneration and to explore specific sites and signaling pathways involved in pH regulation during the bone regeneration process. Therapeutic approaches aimed at enhancing bone regeneration <em>via</em> modulation of microenvironment pH are discussed, including pH adjustment <em>via</em> biological implant materials, pH-responsive material setting, and pH stabilization through anti-inflammatory therapy. Investigating the impact of microenvironment pH on bone regeneration is of considerable clinical importance, as it provides valuable insights for improving the success rates of bone implants and promoting bone healing. This review offers insights into regulatory mechanisms, establishes theoretical foundations, and presents new perspectives for current research on bone defect repair.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9301,"journal":{"name":"Bone","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 117484"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}