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Mycological Dispatches 真菌学的分派
The mycologist Pub Date : 2006-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycol.2005.11.011
{"title":"Mycological Dispatches","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mycol.2005.11.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycol.2005.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92965,"journal":{"name":"The mycologist","volume":"20 1","pages":"Pages 34-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mycol.2005.11.011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137087325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A tool for the assessment of agaric site diversity 木耳立地多样性评价工具
The mycologist Pub Date : 2006-01-03 DOI: 10.1017/S0269915X05004064
J. Marriott
{"title":"A tool for the assessment of agaric site diversity","authors":"J. Marriott","doi":"10.1017/S0269915X05004064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269915X05004064","url":null,"abstract":"A method is described which allows the diversity of agarics in a site to be determined as an index, the Site Diversity Index (SDI). For this the individual species recorded from a site are given a score which is that of the frequency of recording class to which it has been assigned, that score increasing with increased rarity of recording in the BMS database. The methods of defining the classes of frequency of recording, the score accorded to a class, and the calculation of the SDI are described. Examples of the SDI are given for several sites in the Forest of Dean as well as for other sites and areas. Site Profiles illustrate the extent to which each of the classes has been completed. The flattening of the rate of accumulation of species is discussed. Further progress will involve the widening of the range of included species to those of other classes of basidiomycetes. The method can be used to rank sites and, in the early stages of a survey and given the meeting of two criteria, to prediction of future diversity of a site. Further use in respect of Important Fungus Areas and conservation sites is envisaged.","PeriodicalId":92965,"journal":{"name":"The mycologist","volume":"19 1","pages":"168-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0269915X05004064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56916275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
‘Mushrooms’ in an early renaissance painting: ‘Uccello's The Hunt in the Forest’ 文艺复兴早期画作中的“蘑菇”:乌切罗的《森林狩猎》
The mycologist Pub Date : 2006-01-03 DOI: 10.1017/S0269915X05004039
E. Schaechter
{"title":"‘Mushrooms’ in an early renaissance painting: ‘Uccello's The Hunt in the Forest’","authors":"E. Schaechter","doi":"10.1017/S0269915X05004039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269915X05004039","url":null,"abstract":"An early Renaissance painting of a hunt by Paolo Uccello depicts a large number of objects most likely to be mushrooms on a forest floor. The putative mushrooms do not suggest any strong symbolism and the hunters and their entourage do not appear to pay any attention to them.","PeriodicalId":92965,"journal":{"name":"The mycologist","volume":"19 1","pages":"150-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0269915X05004039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56916203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Involvement of Phytophthora species in the decline of European beech in Europe and the USA 疫霉在欧洲和美国欧洲山毛榉衰退中的作用
The mycologist Pub Date : 2006-01-03 DOI: 10.1017/S0269915X05004052
T. Jung, G. Hudler, S. Jensen-Tracy, H. Griffiths, F. Fleischmann, W. Osswald
{"title":"Involvement of Phytophthora species in the decline of European beech in Europe and the USA","authors":"T. Jung, G. Hudler, S. Jensen-Tracy, H. Griffiths, F. Fleischmann, W. Osswald","doi":"10.1017/S0269915X05004052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269915X05004052","url":null,"abstract":"European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is an important forest tree species which was always considered being non-problematic with regard to its susceptibility to pathogens and insects. However during the past decade, in Europe and the north-eastern USA an increasing number of trees and stands were showing symptoms typical for Phytophthora diseases: increased crown transparency, abnormally small and often yellowish foliage, a dieback of the crown, tongue-shaped necroses of the inner bark and the cambium with tarry or rusty spots on the surface of the bark either extending up to 7m from the stem base (collar rot) or occurring isolated higher up the stem (aerial bleeding cankers), fine root destructions and necrotic lesions on suberized roots. Large-scale investigations on both continents using specific isolation methods and ELISA kits for detection, and morphological and physiological parameters as well as ITS-DNA sequence analysis for identification demonstrated that several Phytophthora species were regularly involved as inciting agents of the decline. The most important species were Phytophthora citricola, P. cambivora and P. cactorum in Europe, and P. inflata in the USA. Their pathogenicity to beech was shown by stem inoculation and soil infestation tests performed by various groups. A small-scale nursery survey in Germany revealed that beech fields are regularly infested with various Phytophthora species. Options for disease management and control are discussed, and an emphasis is put on the prevention of disease spread via infested nursery stock.","PeriodicalId":92965,"journal":{"name":"The mycologist","volume":"19 1","pages":"159-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0269915X05004052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56916224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 102
An improved zymographic method for detection of amylolytic enzymes of fungi on polyacrylamide gels 一种检测真菌在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上的淀粉酶的改进酶谱法
The mycologist Pub Date : 2006-01-03 DOI: 10.1017/S0269915X05004015
MUKESH K. Upadhyay, Rahul Sharma, AKHILESH K. Pandey, RAM C. Rajak
{"title":"An improved zymographic method for detection of amylolytic enzymes of fungi on polyacrylamide gels","authors":"MUKESH K. Upadhyay, Rahul Sharma, AKHILESH K. Pandey, RAM C. Rajak","doi":"10.1017/S0269915X05004015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269915X05004015","url":null,"abstract":"Zymography is an electrophoretic technique by which enzyme activity can be visualized directly on a polyacrylamide gel as discrete bands. A modified, more rapid technique for amylase zymography is described and compared with previously published methods. Whereas previous methods are based on 0.1 M acetate buffer as substrate buffer, our method utilizes 50mM Tris buffer containing Ca 2+ , Na + , NaN 3 and Triton X-100 which helps rapid hydrolysis of the starch and stabilization of the enzyme. The staining procedure, previously requiring overnight incubation of the gel in iodine solution at 4°C, has been reduced to 5 min at room temperature. Both methods gave rise to comparable levels of enzyme activity on polyacrylamide gels. Our modified method requires 8 h to complete the whole zymographical procedure instead of 18-20 h as in previous methods.","PeriodicalId":92965,"journal":{"name":"The mycologist","volume":"19 1","pages":"138-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0269915X05004015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56916143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Building a basidiocarp: a case study of Laccaria spp. fruitbodies in the extraradical mycelium of Pinus ectomycorrhizas 构建担子果:外生菌根松根外菌丝体中拉卡菌属子实体的案例研究
The mycologist Pub Date : 2006-01-03 DOI: 10.1017/S0269915X05004027
H. Massicotte, L. Melville, R. Peterson
{"title":"Building a basidiocarp: a case study of Laccaria spp. fruitbodies in the extraradical mycelium of Pinus ectomycorrhizas","authors":"H. Massicotte, L. Melville, R. Peterson","doi":"10.1017/S0269915X05004027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269915X05004027","url":null,"abstract":"The extraradical mycelium of ectomycorrhizas is comprised of a network of hyphae that may initiate rhizomorphs, sclerotia and sexual reproductive structures. The development of these structures requires photosynthates produced by host trees. In this study, the initiation and early development of Laccaria bicolor (Maire) Orton fruitbodies (basidiocarps) were studied. Seedlings of Pinus resinosa Ait. and Pinus sylvestris L. were colonized by L. bicolor , a broad host epigeous ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetous fungal species, in growth pouches. Ectomycorrhizas with an extensive extraradical mycelium formed on short roots within 7-12 days after fungal inoculum was introduced. Numerous sites of hyphal aggregation, many of which subsequently developed into basidiocarp primordia, were initiated in the extraradical mycelium. Initial changes in aggregating hyphae included swelling and branching followed by growth of hyphae perpendicular to the paper wick in growth pouches. A stipe and a pileus primordium developed but none of these basidiocarp primordia matured. Distinct regions were evident in the stipe and pileus when sections were stained by various methods. Loose hyphae at the apex and periphery of the pileus were separated by mucilage. In Petri dishes with vermiculite as the substrate, basidiocarps of Laccaria laccata formed in ectomycorrhizal associations with Pinus sylvestris , developed a mature pileus with an hymenium and mature basidiospores.","PeriodicalId":92965,"journal":{"name":"The mycologist","volume":"19 1","pages":"141-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0269915X05004027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56916163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
How much are your children taught about fungi in school 你的孩子在学校里学了多少真菌知识
The mycologist Pub Date : 2006-01-03 DOI: 10.1017/S0269915X05004040
D. Moore, K. Fryer, C. Quinn, S. Roberts, R. Townley
{"title":"How much are your children taught about fungi in school","authors":"D. Moore, K. Fryer, C. Quinn, S. Roberts, R. Townley","doi":"10.1017/S0269915X05004040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269915X05004040","url":null,"abstract":"Although fungi are fundamentally important in our every day lives, the Kingdom is largely ignored by the National Curriculum in the United Kingdom. Consequently, children are missing out on being taught about a crucially important group of organisms. This paper aims to show the deficiencies in the curriculum specifications in UK primary and secondary schools, and describes a range of British Mycological Society learning resources designed to remedy the situation. These ready-made (and classroom-tested) lessons and workshop sessions cover a range of fungal topics from cell structure and function, through biotechnology to health topics and plant growth and disease. The resources include games and activities, aiming to increase knowledge and awareness of fungi in an active, entertaining way and thereby maintain interest in biology as a science.","PeriodicalId":92965,"journal":{"name":"The mycologist","volume":"19 1","pages":"152-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0269915X05004040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56916214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Building a basidiocarp: a case study of Laccaria spp. fruitbodies in the extraradical mycelium of Pinus ectomycorrhizas 构建担子果:外生菌根松根外菌丝体中拉卡菌属子实体的案例研究
The mycologist Pub Date : 2005-11-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0269-915X(05)00402-7
H.B. MASSICOTTE , L.H. MELVILLE , R.L. PETERSON
{"title":"Building a basidiocarp: a case study of Laccaria spp. fruitbodies in the extraradical mycelium of Pinus ectomycorrhizas","authors":"H.B. MASSICOTTE ,&nbsp;L.H. MELVILLE ,&nbsp;R.L. PETERSON","doi":"10.1017/S0269-915X(05)00402-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269-915X(05)00402-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The extraradical mycelium of ectomycorrhizas is comprised of a network of hyphae that may initiate rhizomorphs, sclerotia and sexual reproductive structures. The development of these structures requires photosynthates produced by host trees. In this study, the initiation and early development of <em>Laccaria bicolor</em> (Maire) Orton fruitbodies (basidiocarps) were studied. Seedlings of <em>Pinus resinosa</em> Ait. and <em>Pinus sylvestris</em> L. were colonized by <em>L. bicolor</em>, a broad host epigeous ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetous fungal species, in growth pouches. Ectomycorrhizas with an extensive extraradical mycelium formed on short roots within 7-12 days after fungal inoculum was introduced. Numerous sites of hyphal aggregation, many of which subsequently developed into basidiocarp primordia, were initiated in the extraradical mycelium. Initial changes in aggregating hyphae included swelling and branching followed by growth of hyphae perpendicular to the paper wick in growth pouches. A stipe and a pileus primordium developed but none of these basidiocarp primordia matured. Distinct regions were evident in the stipe and pileus when sections were stained by various methods. Loose hyphae at the apex and periphery of the pileus were separated by mucilage. In Petri dishes with vermiculite as the substrate, basidiocarps of <em>Laccaria laccata</em> formed in ectomycorrhizal associations with <em>Pinus sylvestris</em>, developed a mature pileus with an hymenium and mature basidiospores.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92965,"journal":{"name":"The mycologist","volume":"19 4","pages":"Pages 141-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0269-915X(05)00402-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137285136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A tool for the assessment of agaric site diversity 木耳立地多样性评价工具
The mycologist Pub Date : 2005-11-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0269-915X(05)00406-4
JACK V.R. MARRIOTT
{"title":"A tool for the assessment of agaric site diversity","authors":"JACK V.R. MARRIOTT","doi":"10.1017/S0269-915X(05)00406-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269-915X(05)00406-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A method is described which allows the diversity of agarics in a site to be determined as an index, the Site Diversity Index (SDI). For this the individual species recorded from a site are given a score which is that of the frequency of recording class to which it has been assigned, that score increasing with increased rarity of recording in the BMS database. The methods of defining the classes of frequency of recording, the score accorded to a class, and the calculation of the SDI are described. Examples of the SDI are given for several sites in the Forest of Dean as well as for other sites and areas. Site Profiles illustrate the extent to which each of the classes has been completed. The flattening of the rate of accumulation of species is discussed. Further progress will involve the widening of the range of included species to those of other classes of basidiomycetes. The method can be used to rank sites and, in the early stages of a survey and given the meeting of two criteria, to prediction of future diversity of a site. Further use in respect of Important Fungus Areas and conservation sites is envisaged.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92965,"journal":{"name":"The mycologist","volume":"19 4","pages":"Pages 168-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0269-915X(05)00406-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137285809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An improved zymographic method for detection of amylolytic enzymes of fungi on polyacrylamide gels 一种检测真菌在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上的淀粉酶的改进酶谱法
The mycologist Pub Date : 2005-11-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0269-915X(05)00401-5
MUKESH K. UPADHYAY, RAHUL SHARMA, AKHILESH K. PANDEY, RAM C. RAJAK
{"title":"An improved zymographic method for detection of amylolytic enzymes of fungi on polyacrylamide gels","authors":"MUKESH K. UPADHYAY,&nbsp;RAHUL SHARMA,&nbsp;AKHILESH K. PANDEY,&nbsp;RAM C. RAJAK","doi":"10.1017/S0269-915X(05)00401-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269-915X(05)00401-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Zymography is an electrophoretic technique by which enzyme activity can be visualized directly on a polyacrylamide gel as discrete bands. A modified, more rapid technique for amylase zymography is described and compared with previously published methods. Whereas previous methods are based on 0.1 M acetate buffer as substrate buffer, our method utilizes 50mM Tris buffer containing Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, NaN<sup>3</sup> and Triton X-100 which helps rapid hydrolysis of the starch and stabilization of the enzyme. The staining procedure, previously requiring overnight incubation of the gel in iodine solution at 4°C, has been reduced to 5 min at room temperature. Both methods gave rise to comparable levels of enzyme activity on polyacrylamide gels. Our modified method requires 8 h to complete the whole zymographical procedure instead of 18-20 h as in previous methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92965,"journal":{"name":"The mycologist","volume":"19 4","pages":"Pages 138-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0269-915X(05)00401-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137285135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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