The mycologistPub Date : 2006-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mycol.2006.09.015
Roland W.S. Weber
{"title":"On the ecology of fungal consortia of spring sap-flows","authors":"Roland W.S. Weber","doi":"10.1016/j.mycol.2006.09.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycol.2006.09.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Spring sap-flow, <em>i.e.</em> xylem sap exuding through wounds of deciduous trees in spring, quickly becomes colonised by yeasts and filamentous fungi, of which several species occur regularly in consortia from different trees or regions. This article considers the survival, spread and population dynamics of these fungi, with particular emphasis on the substantial research by Wladyslav I. Golubev on birch sap-flows in Russia. Most fungi survive in the soil or epiphytically on tree trunks, and dispersal between trees is probably mediated by insects. Competition within and between sap-flow yeast species may be due to nutritional effects or the action of killer toxins (mycocins).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92965,"journal":{"name":"The mycologist","volume":"20 4","pages":"Pages 140-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mycol.2006.09.015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54848190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The mycologistPub Date : 2006-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mycol.2006.10.002
Paul Hooley, Michael Whitehead
{"title":"The genetics and molecular biology of marine fungi","authors":"Paul Hooley, Michael Whitehead","doi":"10.1016/j.mycol.2006.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycol.2006.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Interest in the genetics of marine fungi has focused upon the basis of stress adaptation and the control of the production of secondary metabolites and enzymes. Analysis by molecular genetics has been applied to marine fungal taxonomy, phylogeny and species identification. The advent of the <em>Debaryomyces hansenii</em> genome project and the influence of climate change on this research are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92965,"journal":{"name":"The mycologist","volume":"20 4","pages":"Pages 144-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mycol.2006.10.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54848289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The mycologistPub Date : 2006-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mycol.2006.10.003
P.R. Johnston , P.W. Sutherland , S. Joshee
{"title":"Visualising endophytic fungi within leaves by detection of (1→3)-ß-d-glucans in fungal cell walls","authors":"P.R. Johnston , P.W. Sutherland , S. Joshee","doi":"10.1016/j.mycol.2006.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycol.2006.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The presence of endophytic fungi within symptomless leaves of vascular plants is usually recognised indirectly through culturing methods. In order to understand the biology of fungi isolated as endophytes, there is a need to directly observe their hyphae within the leaves of their hosts. Such observations provide information about the mode of infection, the extent of colonisation within the leaf, and the reaction of the plant to infection by the fungus. Many endophytic fungi develop highly localised infections with small amounts of mycelium, making such direct observations difficult. We describe a method adapted from an electron microscopy protocol that labels one of the constituent components of fungal cell walls with a fluorescent dye and enables them to be observed in thin sections under a compound microscope.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92965,"journal":{"name":"The mycologist","volume":"20 4","pages":"Pages 159-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mycol.2006.10.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54848461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The mycologistPub Date : 2006-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mycol.2006.03.011
Heidrun Anke , Roland W.S. Weber
{"title":"White-rots, chlorine and the environment – a tale of many twists","authors":"Heidrun Anke , Roland W.S. Weber","doi":"10.1016/j.mycol.2006.03.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycol.2006.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>White-rot fungi possess a unique oxidative mechanism by which the recalcitrant lignin component of wood is mineralised. The activity of lignin-degrading enzymes, chiefly lignin and manganese peroxidases, depends on several small organic molecules. Some of these (e.g. chloroanisyl alcohols) are chloroaromatics and may act as environmental pollutants in the forest soil, whereas the synthesis of others (e.g. veratryl alcohol) requires chloromethane. Certain white-rot genera, notably <em>Phellinus</em> and <em>Inonotus</em>, release excess quantities of chloromethane into the atmosphere where it acts as a greenhouse gas. On the other hand, their powerful ligninolytic system enables white-rot fungi to degrade a wide range of man-made environmental pollutants, including recalcitrant chloroaromatics such as DDT, PCP, 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. This review describes the multifarious interactions of white-rot fungi with their environment <em>via</em> the chlorine cycle.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92965,"journal":{"name":"The mycologist","volume":"20 3","pages":"Pages 83-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mycol.2006.03.011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54847641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}