IF 4.5

Breathe Pub Date : 2026-08-18 eCollection Date: 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.5001-2026

引用次数: 0

Surgical intervention in bronchiectasis and pulmonary tuberculosis. 支气管扩张和肺结核的手术干预。

IF 4.5

Breathe Pub Date : 2026-08-18 eCollection Date: 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0370-2025

Rania Z Fallatah, Asser Mohamed, Amina Mariam Syed, Waleed Saleh, Khaled AlKattan, Marcello Migliore

{"title":"Surgical intervention in bronchiectasis and pulmonary tuberculosis.","authors":"Rania Z Fallatah, Asser Mohamed, Amina Mariam Syed, Waleed Saleh, Khaled AlKattan, Marcello Migliore","doi":"10.1183/20734735.0370-2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/20734735.0370-2025","url":null,"abstract":"Bronchiectasis and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remain common causes of chronic respiratory morbidity worldwide, despite major advances in antimicrobial therapy and structured airway clearance strategies. In a subset of patients, medical treatment alone is insufficient, and surgical intervention may be required when disease is anatomically localised or when serious complications develop. From a surgical perspective, resection of non-functional, chronically infected lung segments in bronchiectasis can lead to sustained symptom improvement, fewer exacerbations, and effective control of haemoptysis when patients are appropriately selected. In pulmonary TB, surgery continues to serve both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Operative intervention may be necessary when noninvasive investigations fail to establish a diagnosis, or when persistent cavitary disease, drug-resistant infection, or structural complications such as destroyed lung, chronic empyema, or bronchopleural fistula are present. Current respiratory guidelines emphasise careful medical optimisation and multidisciplinary assessment before surgical referral, highlighting the importance of appropriate patient selection. This narrative educational review focuses on practical principles that guide surgical decision-making in bronchiectasis and pulmonary TB. Indications for surgery, contraindications to operative intervention, and criteria for referral for lung transplantation are discussed, with the aim of supporting clinicians involved in the care of patients with complex structural lung disease.","PeriodicalId":9292,"journal":{"name":"Breathe","volume":"22 3","pages":"250370"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13482733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148788381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A 2.5-year-old obese girl with persistent hypoventilation post-pneumonia: when is it not just the lungs? 2.5岁肥胖女孩肺炎后持续低通气：什么时候不只是肺部？

IF 4.5

Breathe Pub Date : 2026-07-21 eCollection Date: 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0049-2026

Thakoon Butpech, Sarisa Thawongit, Prakasit Wannapaschaiyong, Lertluksana Limkul, Prakarn Tovichien, Kanokporn Udomittipong

引用次数: 0

Understanding neuro-pulmonary dysfunction in children with neurodisability. 了解神经功能障碍儿童的神经-肺功能障碍。

IF 4.5

Breathe Pub Date : 2026-07-21 eCollection Date: 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0347-2025

Nadine Freitag, Rachel Knight Lozano, Shailesh Kolekar, Rajkumar Dhandayuthapani, Luisa Susan Averdunk, Sian Thomas, Dirk Schramm, Sarah Brown, Stefan Unger

{"title":"Understanding neuro-pulmonary dysfunction in children with neurodisability.","authors":"Nadine Freitag, Rachel Knight Lozano, Shailesh Kolekar, Rajkumar Dhandayuthapani, Luisa Susan Averdunk, Sian Thomas, Dirk Schramm, Sarah Brown, Stefan Unger","doi":"10.1183/20734735.0347-2025","DOIUrl":"10.1183/20734735.0347-2025","url":null,"abstract":"Children with neurodisability experience a high burden of respiratory morbidity, which remains a leading cause of hospitalisation, long-term lung disease and reduced quality of life. Respiratory problems in this population often reflect shared underlying neuro-pulmonary pathophysiology that evolves across a child's development. In this narrative review, we describe how respiratory vulnerability arises from three interacting domains: dysregulated central control of breathing; impaired neuromuscular activation and coordination; and altered respiratory mechanics related to abnormal tone, weakness, posture and chest wall restriction. Early functional impairment in these systems compromises ventilation, airway protection and airway clearance, establishing baseline respiratory vulnerability. Over time, secondary clinical features such as sleep disordered breathing, pulmonary aspiration, secretion retention and recurrent infection may come to dominate the respiratory phenotype and contribute to progressive lung injury, including restrictive lung disease and bronchiectasis. We synthesised evidence linking neuro-pulmonary mechanisms to clinical presentations and highlight challenges in assessment where standard investigations are limited. By integrating mechanistic understanding with history-led clinical reasoning, we identify opportunities for proactive, anticipatory respiratory care across childhood and during the transition to adult services. This review aims to support earlier recognition of respiratory risk factors and to promote pathophysiology-informed strategies to preserve long-term respiratory health in children with neurodisability.","PeriodicalId":9292,"journal":{"name":"Breathe","volume":"22 3","pages":"250347"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13386198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148547939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ocular ultrasound: a clinical review for the medicine-trained intensivist. 眼超声：医学训练的重症医师的临床回顾。

IF 4.5

Breathe Pub Date : 2026-07-21 eCollection Date: 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0331-2025

Dustin Slagle, Mark Adelman, Jordan Talan

引用次数: 0

Functional micro-computed tomography requires baseline characterisation to accurately describe quantitative lung parenchymal changes. 功能性微计算机断层扫描需要基线特征来准确描述定量肺实质改变。

IF 4.5

Breathe Pub Date : 2026-07-21 eCollection Date: 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0279-2025

Davide Buseghin, Martina Buccardi, Erica Ferrini, Andrea Aliverti, Franco Fabio Stellari, Francesca Pennati

引用次数: 0

Vitamin D in pulmonary disease. 维生素D在肺部疾病中的作用

IF 4.5

Breathe Pub Date : 2026-07-21 eCollection Date: 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0280-2025

Emily M O'Reilly, Desmond M Murphy

引用次数: 0

A 71-year-old woman with acute chest pain and ST-segment elevation. 71岁女性，急性胸痛，st段抬高。

IF 4.5

Breathe Pub Date : 2026-07-21 eCollection Date: 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0043-2026

George E Zakynthinos, Konstantinos Kalogeras, George Makavos, Ilias E Dimeas, Ioanna Tzima, Ioannis Gialamas, Nikolaos K Kokkinos, Efstratios Katsianos, Cormac McCarthy, Evangelos Oikonomou, Gerasimos Siasos

引用次数: 0

Neuro-pulmonary mechanistic interplay underlying chronic cough. 慢性咳嗽的神经-肺机制相互作用。

IF 4.5

Breathe Pub Date : 2026-07-21 eCollection Date: 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0328-2025

James Wingfield Digby, Jenny King, Jaclyn A Smith, Dina Alkaraki, Sophie Harkness, Jonathon Shaw, Paul Marsden

{"title":"Neuro-pulmonary mechanistic interplay underlying chronic cough.","authors":"James Wingfield Digby, Jenny King, Jaclyn A Smith, Dina Alkaraki, Sophie Harkness, Jonathon Shaw, Paul Marsden","doi":"10.1183/20734735.0328-2025","DOIUrl":"10.1183/20734735.0328-2025","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic cough is a highly prevalent debilitating condition. Chronic cough can be unexplained despite investigations (unexplained chronic cough) or persist despite guideline-based management of treatable traits (refractory chronic cough). Individuals with refractory and unexplained chronic cough (RUCC) often share similar clinical characteristics, including a dry cough, persistent urge-to-cough and throat irritation. Most individuals with RUCC display cough reflex hypersensitivity, coughing in response to chemical, thermal and mechanical triggers. Compared to controls, individuals with RUCC cough at lower concentrations of inhaled stimuli (hypersensitivity) and have increased cough responses across concentrations (hyperresponsiveness). Neuro-pulmonary mechanisms are also supported by treatment responses in RUCC to neuromodulatory medications and behavioural cough control therapy. Mechanisms leading to RUCC are complex but likely involve alterations in the neuro-pulmonary axis in the peripheral and central nervous system. Mechanisms are not fully understood, but RUCC may relate to alterations in airway receptors on vagus nerve terminals, (ATP) release and/or metabolism and plasticity of airway sensory nerves. A wide network of midbrain and higher cortical centres are involved in processing of airway sensations and top-down cough control. Top-down inhibitory control of cough may be altered in RUCC.","PeriodicalId":9292,"journal":{"name":"Breathe","volume":"22 3","pages":"250328"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13386182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148547912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A hypermetabolic pulmonary lesion in a patient with breast cancer. 乳腺癌患者的高代谢性肺病变。

IF 4.5

Breathe Pub Date : 2026-05-23 eCollection Date: 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0042-2026

Giovanni Franco, Samuele Promi, Isabella Galbardi, Giuseppe Paciocco, Pietro Allegranza, Cecilia Cangiotti, Francesca Bono, Umberto Zanini, Fabio Pagni, Paola Faverio, Luca Guerra, Diego Luigi Cortinovis, Marina Elena Cazzaniga, Fabrizio Luppi

引用次数: 0

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