Calabar journal of health sciences最新文献

{"title":"An assessment of antibiotic use practices among caregivers of under-5 children in Kaduna Metropolis, Northwest Nigeria","authors":"V. Omole, Zainab Aliyu Ibrahim, A. Gobir, M. Ibrahim, Lawal Haliru, Abdulfatai A. Jimoh","doi":"10.25259/cjhs_36_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/cjhs_36_2021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The objective of the study was to assess the practices of caregivers of under-5 children in the study area, regarding the use of antibiotics.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among 270 respondents selected by multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires and analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (version 25.0).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Majority (81.8%) of the caregivers were within the ages of 20–39 years. Most (78.1%) were female and 82.2% were married. Most (88.9%) of the caregivers were the biological parents of the children. About 97% of them were assessed to have good antibiotic use practices; although a few poor practices were also reported. These include home use of antibiotics without prescription, prematurely discontinuing courses of antibiotics and directly requesting for antibiotics from physicians.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Public health education and enlightenment regarding the demerits of poor stewardship of antibiotic use coupled with strict regulatory control measures in the dispensing and sale of antibiotics as over-the-counter medications are recommended to improve antibiotic use practices among caregivers of young children.\u0000","PeriodicalId":92883,"journal":{"name":"Calabar journal of health sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74511662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudo bezoar in an elderly man","authors":"A. Etiuma, C. Echieh, C. Nwagboso, S. Ogbudu, Arnold Anietimfon Etiuma","doi":"10.25259/cjhs_29_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/cjhs_29_2021","url":null,"abstract":"Indigestible intra-gastric foreign bodies are encountered in the mentally deranged, transporters of illicit drugs or those desiring weight control. They are often complicated by obstruction, migration, or perforation. Pseudobezoars are indigestible objects introduced intentionally into the digestive system. They may be indicated in bariatric practice for control of obesity. We present an 87-year-old man managed for a 2-year history of burning epigastric pain, aggravated by lying down and relieved by antacids. He had associated reflux symptoms for which he adopted lifestyle modifications. He had an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy which showed a stone attached to the anterior wall of the body of the stomach with associated pseudo-pouch formation. Mucosal overgrowth on the stone could be noted. Attempts at endoscopic retrieval failed as the stone could not be dis-impacted from its lodgement in a mucosal pouch. He had a laparotomy and gastrotomy for retrieval. A piece of stone, identified as granite, which measured 2 × 2 × 2.5 cm was retrieved from the stomach with accompanying formation of the mucosal pouch. Mucosal response, which may include overgrowth, could be an initial step in the migration of intra-gastric foreign bodies.","PeriodicalId":92883,"journal":{"name":"Calabar journal of health sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80706859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers to utilization of an eye care facility in a rural community in South-South Nigeria","authors":"E. Ezeh, E. Nkanga, R. Ezeh, J. Ajewole, D. Nkanga","doi":"10.25259/cjhs_15_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/cjhs_15_2021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The purpose of the study was to describe the barriers to the utilization of eye care services in a rural community in South-South Nigeria.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A descriptive cross-sectional study using a multistage sampling technique was conducted. The main outcome measure was self-reported previous consultation of the eye clinic at the community’s Comprehensive Health Centre (CHC) for eye care.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study sample included 200 participants. Only 40 (24.1%) respondents had previously consulted at the eye clinic at the CHC in search of eye care. The principal barriers to eye care services utilization were “Ignorance of the existence 53 (47.3%) and schedule” 37 (33.0%) of the eye clinic at the CHC, and “No felt need” 26 (23.2%).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Despite the high prevalence of ocular disorders among the study participants, the utilization of available eye care services was markedly low. The common barriers cited were “Ignorance of the existence and schedule of the eye facility in the community. Improved strategies to improve uptake of services is required.”\u0000","PeriodicalId":92883,"journal":{"name":"Calabar journal of health sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83197949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ophthalmic findings in HIV/AIDS patients in Calabar, Nigeria","authors":"E. Nkanga, E. Ezeh, A. Ibanga, S. Okonkwo, C. Agweye, D. Nkanga, A. Etokidem","doi":"10.25259/cjhs_37_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/cjhs_37_2021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Out of the 38.0 million (30.2–45.0 million) with HIV/AIDS globally, about 35.9 million (28.9–43.0) adults live in sub-Saharan Africa. Ocular findings in HIV/AIDS are a cause of morbidity, visual impairment, and blindness and differ in different environments. This study aimed to investigate the pattern and prevalence of ophthalmic manifestations of HIV/AIDS in Calabar, Nigeria.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study investigated ocular findings among patients attending the HIV/AIDS Special Treatment Clinic of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria. Using a descriptive cross-sectional study design, a total of 440 subjects met the inclusion criteria and were recruited into the study.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000There were 166 (37.73%) male and 274 (62.27%) female respondents, indicating a female preponderance with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.6. The modal age group was 26–35 and formed 40.4% of study population while 415 (94.30%) of the study population were 55 years old or less. While 316 (72.00%) of the respondents had some ocular morbidity, 136 (30.91%) were HIV/AIDS related. A total of 155 respondents (35.20%) had ocular symptoms. No person was blind, while 154 respondents (35.00%) were visually impaired. HIV/AIDS-related findings were retinal microangiopathy in 60 respondents (13.60%), conjunctival microvasculopathy in 30 (6.80%) respondents, hypertrichosis in 22 (5.00%) respondents, dry eye syndrome in 17 (3.90%) respondents, anterior uveitis in 17 (3.90%) respondents, presumed squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva in 7 (1.60%) respondents, facial nerve palsy in 5 (1.14%) respondents, and Kaposi sarcoma of the eyelids and conjunctiva was in 4 (0.91%) respondents. There was increased ocular involvement among those respondents with lower CD4+ counts (P < 0.0001).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Ocular manifestation of HIV/AIDS can occur in the presence of normal vision and are a cause of avoidable uniocular vision loss. Non-HIV/AIDS-related ophthalmic morbidity also occurs in patients with HIV/ AIDS. These facts justify targeted scheduled ophthalmic screening. Ophthalmologists need to recognize and manage the varying patterns and sometimes location specific signs and symptoms.\u0000","PeriodicalId":92883,"journal":{"name":"Calabar journal of health sciences","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89312320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of the predictors of treatment adherence among patients on antiretroviral therapy at rural and urban centers in Cross River State, Nigeria","authors":"F. Archibong, U. K. Ugbonna, I. Okoye, A. Legogie, I. Fadipe, E. Nyong, A. Effanga, I. Okokon","doi":"10.25259/cjhs_16_2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/cjhs_16_2019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is an important factor required to suppress viral activities and its load in the human body. There are identified factors that determine adherence to ART and these factors have been noticed based on environments. This study compared predictors of ART adherence between the urban and rural centers within the same State in Nigeria.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study was a cross-sectional analytic study involving 322 participants. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Descriptive and inferential statistics were done with the data collected.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000There were more adherent participants in the urban than the rural center in a ratio of 2.2:1. There was also significant difference in the predictors of adherence to ART in these two centers. The factors that were not present in both centers were: Stigma experience, family support, and sex.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Predictors of treatment adherence vary between the urban and rural treatment centers even within the same senatorial district of a state. Therefore, it is advisable to always determine factors that predicts adherence to ART which would serve as a guide to proper treatment of the patient.\u0000","PeriodicalId":92883,"journal":{"name":"Calabar journal of health sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90774938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomic imaging study of luminal diameter of the circle of Willis in patients with ischemic stroke","authors":"S. Paulinus, B. Udoh, S. Efanga, G. U. Udo-Affah, E. M. Eru, C. Ani, Ulu U. Okoro, N. Egbe","doi":"10.25259/cjhs_50_2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/cjhs_50_2020","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Stroke or cerebrovascular accident is associated with defects in the circle of Willis; the vascular network that supplies the brain. There is currently lack of literature on the involvement of the circle of Willis in patients with stroke or its association with impending stroke. The objective of the study was to evaluate luminal diameter of arteries that constitute the circle of Willis in patients with stroke using computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Angiograms of 340 male and female patients aged 15–>75 (40.18 ± 1.1 and 43.68 ± 1.18) years with suspected stroke, referred for either brain CTA or MRI in selected hospitals/diagnostic centers in Nigeria were evaluated using RadiAnt and the MicroDicom viewer software applications. A retrospective descriptive research design was adopted with approval from the federal health research ethics committee. Direct measurement of luminal diameter of major arteries of the circle of Willis was done using SPSS version 25 at P < 0.05.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000From the 340 images assessed, 256 (75.29%) patients had ischemic stroke with luminal diameter of arteries of the circle of Willis ranged from 1 mm to >3 mm while 84 (24.71%) patients were without stroke with luminal diameter ranged from 1 mm to 2.11 mm (P < 0.05).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Patients with stroke have larger luminal diameter of arteries that form the circle of Willis when compared to patients without stroke. The study has established for the 1st time, luminal diameter of circle of Willis that may be an index in the sampled Nigerian population.\u0000","PeriodicalId":92883,"journal":{"name":"Calabar journal of health sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86853714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the knowledge of radiology in exiting medical students in University of Calabar","authors":"G. Inah, S. Efanga","doi":"10.25259/cjhs_26_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/cjhs_26_2021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Radiology education in the undergraduate level imparts in medical students the basic knowledge to interpret common pathological conditions, know the right imaging requests to make and the right order in which they should be made when they become physicians and the degree of this knowledge is influenced by several factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of radiology in exiting medical students and to identify the challenges of undergraduate radiology education.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This was a prospective cross-sectional observational study that was conducted in a 2-month period in the Radiology Department of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital. The year 6 medical students of the University of Calabar, who were 79 in number, participated in the study. Relevant questions covering the major areas of radiology were presented to each participant by the use of a pre-test questionnaire. SPSS version 23.0., Pearson’s Chi-square test, and t-tests were used to analyze the data.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The medical students had a mean score of 66.5% in radiology knowledge. A significant relationship was observed between diagnostic radiology knowledge and the duration of radiology posting (P = 0.029), radiology teaching methods (P = 0.001), and the quality of learning environment (P = 0.002), respectively.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The final year medical students in University of Calabar have an appreciable knowledge of radiology. This can be improved if the duration of radiology education increases by early introduction into the pre-clinical class or other clinical courses, if the radiology teaching methods are updated, and if the quality of the learning environment is improved.\u0000","PeriodicalId":92883,"journal":{"name":"Calabar journal of health sciences","volume":"64 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83277074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A twisted giant corpus luteum cyst in the third trimester of pregnancy in a multigravida: A case report","authors":"U. Akpan, T. Ugbem, Ezukwa Omoronyia","doi":"10.25259/cjhs_57_2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/cjhs_57_2020","url":null,"abstract":"Corpus luteum cyst is common in early pregnancy and seldom exceeds 5 cm in diameter; many of which resolve before the end of the first trimester of pregnancy. Giant corpus luteum cyst in third trimester is very rare especially in naturally-conceived pregnancies. We hereby report a rare case of twisted giant corpus luteum cyst in the third trimester in a 33-year-old multigravida. She presented with acute abdominal pain and vomiting at a gestational age of 34 weeks. Ultrasound scan revealed a twisted giant right ovarian cyst. She underwent an emergency cesarean delivery and right oophorectomy. Histology report showed features that were diagnostic of corpus luteum cyst.","PeriodicalId":92883,"journal":{"name":"Calabar journal of health sciences","volume":"428 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76490348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the nose with coincidental HIV infection: Management challenges in limited resource setting","authors":"A. Adekanye, T. Ugbem, R. Mgbe, G. Kajogbola","doi":"10.25259/cjhs_20_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/cjhs_20_2021","url":null,"abstract":"Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is an uncommon soft-tissue sarcoma, with origin from the peripheral nerves or somatic tissues associated with nerve sheath. This tumor rarely affects the nose. The clinicopathological presentations vary from one case to another and depend on cells of origin. Hence, the diagnosis is often difficult. We report a 36-year-old woman who presented in our facility with progressive nasal swelling, facial deformity, and mucopurulent rhinorrhea of 3 years duration. Examination revealed a significant facial disfigurement. She was also found to be seropositive. Computerized tomography scan of paranasal sinuses showed an expansile, subtle enhancing, predominantly low-density mass, with area of air density within it, completely occupying the nasal cavity. No calcific focus, lytic or sclerotic surrounding bones changes seen. Her tumor was resected under general anesthesia with a wide margin, and regional vital structures were preserved. The histological/immunohistochemistry revealed MPNST. She had adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy 2 weeks after surgery. However, a nodule was seen on the floor of the nose few days after completion of radiotherapy, which was biopsied, and histological report was positive for malignancy. The persistence of the malignancy and HIV hampered her facial reconstruction. Also, limited finance hampered procurement of the nasal prosthesis. She was followed up for 1 year before she was lost.","PeriodicalId":92883,"journal":{"name":"Calabar journal of health sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81105962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 10-year review of the clinicopathological patterns and prevalence of head and neck lesions in a tertiary health facility in Uyo, South-South Nigeria","authors":"M. Inoh, I. Kudamnya, U. Eziagu, E. E. Inoh","doi":"10.25259/cjhs_23_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/cjhs_23_2021","url":null,"abstract":"Head and neck (HN) lesions occur globally, with remarkable morbidity and mortality. However, in our setting, relevant data are lacking to show its clinicopathologic nature. Hence, we aimed to review the clinicopathological patterns and incidence of HN lesions within a 10-year (January 2010 to December 2019) period as well as provide useful data/information to help in better future management of patients with HN lesions.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A retrospective cross-sectional study of HN lesions (with respect to age, gender, site of lesion, and histopathological diagnosis) at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital Uyo from January 2010 to December 2019.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A total of 276 HN lesions were analyzed over a 10-year period, with a prevalence of 0.004. Patients with the highest volume of HN lesions were within the 30–<40 age group. The lesions were more in females (53.6%) with M: F ratio of 1:1.2. There were more neoplastic HN lesions (85.1%) than non-neoplastic HN lesions (14.9%). The benign HN lesions (67.7%) were also more frequent than the malignant HN lesions (32.3%). And the benign neoplastic HN lesions (79.5%) were more than benign non-neoplastic HN lesions (20.5%).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The most common HN lesions, respectively, in different subcategories, found in this study were squamous cell carcinoma, nodular goiter, inflammatory nasal polyps, and cystic hygroma. We recommend study of HN lesions’ possible etiologic/risk factors as well as a nationwide survey to determine a national prevalence of HN lesions.","PeriodicalId":92883,"journal":{"name":"Calabar journal of health sciences","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75414393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}