Calabar journal of health sciences最新文献

{"title":"Hepatitis B virus surface antigen and e antigen seroconversion in a known HBSS adolescent – Case report and review of the literature on treatment options and outcome","authors":"Joanah Moses Ikobah, K. Uhegbu, J. Nzeadibe, E. Ekanem","doi":"10.25259/cjhs_27_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/cjhs_27_2021","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a global public health challenge with an estimated 257 million people in 2015 living as chronic carriers. Sub-Saharan Africa has the second largest global burden of these chronic carriers of HBV infection. Children with sickle cell anemia (HBSS) are prone to recurrent blood transfusion with the attendant risk of blood-borne diseases including hepatitis B infection. There are several studies in Nigeria on the prevalence of viral hepatitis B infection in children with sickle cell anemia. However, there is no report on the treatment of children with HBSS infected with HBV. This case describes a 16-year-old known HBSS female adolescent who presented with acute derangement of liver function test, marked jaundice, and positive viral hepatitis B serology. Her HBV DNA was remarkably high at 4,880,000 IU/ml and monotherapy on tenofovir, a nucleoside analog led to a return of liver enzymes to normal values at 3 months into treatment, seroconversion of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) to anti-HBs and hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) to anti-HBe at 12 months into treatment, and 24 months into treatment, the patient maintained sustained virological response (undetectable HBV-DNA). Over 3 years into treatment, she has maintained functional cure, virological response, and biochemical response to treatment. Nucleoside analog is effective in the treatment of viral hepatitis B infection in HBSS adolescents.","PeriodicalId":92883,"journal":{"name":"Calabar journal of health sciences","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80994525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light-emitting diode bulb aspiration in a Nigerian child: A case report","authors":"A. Adekanye, P. M. Francis, John Ntui Eta, Mathew Eshua Lane","doi":"10.25259/cjhs_42_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/cjhs_42_2021","url":null,"abstract":"We report a 7-year-old girl who suddenly developed dyspnea, which was persistent, progressive, and severe with associated stridor and hoarseness following the aspiration of a light-emitting diode (LED) bulb that she held in her mouth while playing with her friend. Plain radiograph soft-tissue neck revealed a U-shaped radiopaque object in the glottis. An otolaryngologist extracted the LED bulb from the glottis through direct laryngoscopy under inhalational anesthetic agents without intubation. She was treated with analgesics and antibiotics and admitted into the ward for observation for 24 h, following which she was discharged home in satisfactory condition. Globally, there is a paucity of the literature on LED bulb aspiration, and the index case is the first documented in our center; hence, it is an addition to the body of the literature. Therefore, we strongly recommend that the differential diagnoses of a wire-like foreign body in the airway radiographs should include an LED bulb.","PeriodicalId":92883,"journal":{"name":"Calabar journal of health sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81624866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of pre-operative anemia and its implication for patient blood management in a Nigerian Hospital","authors":"Q. Kalu, N. Usoro, O. Etta, Roseline Eshiemomoh, Joseph O. Enabulele","doi":"10.25259/cjhs_1_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/cjhs_1_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Pre-operative anemia is common in Sub-Saharan Africa including Nigeria. Anemia is a known risk factor for blood transfusion. In our hospital, like many others, patients are usually admitted a day before elective surgeries and the default treatment for anemia by most surgeons and anesthetists is allogenic blood transfusion. Anemia and blood transfusion are independently and synergistically associated with complications and undesirable outcomes. Patient blood management (PBM) is gaining popularity and has been advocated by the World Health Organization (WHO) for member countries to adopt as a means of improving patient outcomes. There is currently no research from the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital highlighting the prevalence of pre-operative anemia. This research was aimed at filling this gap and also presenting a baseline for comparison as the hospital strives to implement the three pillars of PBM strategies: Manage anemia, minimize blood loss and harness tolerance to anemia to improve patient outcomes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000All surgical patients who consented to the study were recruited prospectively. Patients who had no pre-operative hemoglobin (Hgb) or packed cell volume (PCV) recorded were excluded from the study. Demographic data, type of surgery, and pre-operative PCV levels were documented. Anemia was defined using the WHO standard as PCV <39% (Hgb 13.0 g/dL) in men and <36% (Hgb 12.0 g/dL) in women. Data were obtained about transfusion at the end of surgery. Surgeries were categorized into general, orthopedic, obstetric, gynecological, urologic, pediatric, ear, nose, throat/maxillofacial, burns and plastic unit (BPU), neurological, and thoracic. The information was entered into SPSS version 20. Data were cleaned and analyzed. The statistical significance was placed at P < 0.05. Results are presented as tables, chats, and histograms.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A total of 237 patients were recruited with a mean age of 37.30 ± 19.05. More of them were females (54.0%) and a higher proportion of them (64.6%) had elective surgery. The categories of surgeries were predominantly general surgical (24.9%) and gynecological (21.9%) followed by orthopedic (17.7%), ENT/maxillofacial (9.3%), urologic (8.0%), and obstetric (7.2%) cases. The rest were neurosurgical (3.4%) and pediatric surgical (2.1%) cases. The overall prevalence of anemia was found to be 54.9%. The mean pre-operative PCV was 34.90 ± 7.37%. The highest proportion of pre-operative anemia was found among the pediatric surgical cases (80.0%) followed by the urologic (68.4%) and neurosurgical cases (62.5%). The prevalence of pre-operative anemia among the different surgical patients was gynecological (46.2%), general surgical (45.8%), obstetric (41.2%), ENT/maxillofacial (40.9%), and orthopedic (38.1%) cases. The lowest proportion of pre-operative anemic patients was found among the thoracic (25.0%) and Burns and Plastics (11.1%) cases. Most of the patients (86.5%) were not transfused intraoperatively. Whereas 20% of the ","PeriodicalId":92883,"journal":{"name":"Calabar journal of health sciences","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83904415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of radiation equivalent dose to pediatric patients during chest radiography","authors":"G. Inah, E. Ukpong, E. Esien-umo, B. Ibe, A. W. Ijever, A. Erim, S. Paulinus","doi":"10.25259/cjhs_29_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/cjhs_29_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The study investigated the equivalent dose delivered during pediatric chest radiography.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study adopted a prospective and cross-sectional research design and was conducted between April 26 and July 2, 2021, at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Cross river state, Nigeria. A total of 85 pediatric patients aged 0–15 years, referred for chest X-ray examination, were recruited into the study. The chest radiography was taken for each child in erect or supine positions. Children, who needed some form of immobilization, were immobilized and respiration (breathing) was observed to take exposures at end-expiration. Exposure factors used ranged between 40 and 80 kVp, 1–2 mAs, source-to-image distance; 110 cm. Patient demographics and chest X-ray exposure factors for each exposure were recorded using a spreadsheet. The equivalent dose was calculated using the NUTECHRX software version. All statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The estimated mean equivalent dose was 0.0046 ± 0.0026 mSv, while the mean of weight (kg), kVp, and mAs was 15.04 ± 14.51 kg, 58.28 ± 10.58V, and 1.79 ± 1.56 mAs, respectively. Mean equivalent dose was 0.00447mSv (uncertainty 0.0027) for female and 0.00464mSv (uncertainty 0.0026) for male, with no significance difference between them. The mAs showed strong positive correlation with equivalent dose (r = 0.71, P = 0.05), while weight demonstrated a strong negative correlation with equivalent dose (r = −0.98, P = 0.05).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Current-time product (mAs) and the weight of a child are important determinants of equivalent dose in pediatric chest radiography.\u0000","PeriodicalId":92883,"journal":{"name":"Calabar journal of health sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91019721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eagle’s syndrome in tertiary health institution, southern region of Nigeria","authors":"R. Mgbe, A. Adekanye, P. M. Francis, M. Offiong","doi":"10.25259/cjhs_44_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/cjhs_44_2021","url":null,"abstract":"Eagle’s syndrome is a condition caused by elongation of the styloid process or ossification of the styloid ligament resulting in non-specific symptoms related to pressure on vital blood vessels of the neck, the internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and nerves; the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. Eagle’s syndrome may have varied presentations with numerous symptoms: Pain in the throat/neck radiating to the ear and pharynx, foreign body sensation in the throat, dysphagia, otalgia, trismus, and intense facial pain. A high index of suspicion with a prompt resort to a three-dimensional CT skull could be helpful to give a quick diagnosis of Eagle’s syndrome amid numerous differential diagnoses. We present a 59-year-old male with an 18-month history of left-sided neck pain, cheek pain, and the feeling of a foreign body in the throat. He had pain relievers and other drugs to no avail. A three-dimensional CT scan of his skull revealed features of Eagle’s syndrome. The excision of the styloid process through the extraoral route relieves his symptoms. The second patient is a 42-year-old female with symptoms of peptic ulcer disease, dysphagia, pain in the throat, and sometimes fainting attacks when she moves her neck swiftly to the left side. A three-dimensional CT skull scan confirmed features of an elongated styloid process bilaterally suggestive of Eagle’s syndrome. Treatment offered to her was conservative, with a diclofenac suppository only because she refused surgery. Restricted and limited neck movement relieved her of syncope attacks.","PeriodicalId":92883,"journal":{"name":"Calabar journal of health sciences","volume":"1993 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82394055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety evaluation and potential health implications of water from post-remediated lead-polluted areas of Zamfara State, Nigeria","authors":"M. O. Odey, U. Udiba, Eze A. Adindu, P. B. Enyievi, B. Edu, M. Eteng, F. Uboh, E. O. Emuru","doi":"10.25259/cjhs_39_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/cjhs_39_2021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Dareta village in Zamfara state of Nigeria is one of the villages plagued with the lead (Pb) poisoning crisis of 2010. Dareta and neighboring villages were remediated by simple excavation of topsoil rich in Pb, and burying same in landfills. This study was embarked to assess the physicochemical parameters of some sources of water supply and possible health impacts on humans.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The village was imaginarily mapped into three sites; Residential Homes (Site 1), Markets and Village Squares (Site 2), and Farms with Irrigation Facilities (Site 3). From the three sites, a total of 30 water samples (10 shallow wells, 10 boreholes, and 10 stream/surface water) were randomly collected, according to availability. The physical parameters (Temperature, Conductivity, and Total Dissolved Solids [TDS]) were assessed in situ using a conductivity/TDS meter (model 44600.00, HACH, USA), the assessment of pH was also carried out in situ using an electronic pH meter, (pH 210 micro-processor, Hanna Instrument, USA). The evaluation of heavy metals concentration (Pb, cadmium [Cd], chromium [Cr], and manganese) was done using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (modelAA-6800, Schemadzu, Japan).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In groundwater (boreholes and wells), the mean temperature and conductivity were higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) safety levels for “drinking water,” while those of TDS and pH were within the limits. In surface water (streams), the assessed physical parameters were not higher than the WHO safety limits, while the concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Cr were above the drinking water guidelines. The risk implication in the human populations consuming the water was determined using the estimated average daily intake (EADI) and the target hazard quotient (THQ). The EADI for Pb, Cd, and Cr for all the water sources in both adult and children consumer populations exceeded the reference dose by US-EPA. The THQ for Pb, Cd, and Cr in both adult and children consumer populations were >1.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000These findings portend toxicity and increased hazards for the human populations that source their drinking water from the borehole, well, and stream in this village.\u0000","PeriodicalId":92883,"journal":{"name":"Calabar journal of health sciences","volume":"167 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91422734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful minimal invasive treatment of massive colonic bleeding from a pseudoaneurysm in a Nigerian with end-stage kidney disease: A case report","authors":"A. Oluyemi, H. Ninalowo, Chris Iwuchukwu, E. Chukwudike","doi":"10.25259/cjhs_16_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/cjhs_16_2021","url":null,"abstract":"Emergency presentation of some rare causes of massive colonic bleeding with clinical hemodynamic instability often presents challenging diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. This is more so in a resource-limited locality such as ours where there is a dearth of technical expertise and equipment available to handle such unusual cases. This report presents a case of massive colonic bleed from a pseudoaneurysm of a branch of the ileocolic artery which had a fistulous communication with the cecum and was successfully treated with minimally invasive interventional radiology procedure in Lagos, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":92883,"journal":{"name":"Calabar journal of health sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88961009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The strategic role of good governance in quality care and control of cancer","authors":"O. Nwabuko, K. Akaba, M. Nnoli","doi":"10.25259/cjhs_5_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/cjhs_5_2022","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is a leading cause of death globally and its economic impact is increasing on yearly basis, especially in transiting countries. The health outcomes (i.e., morbidity and mortality rates, quality-adjusted life years, disability-adjusted life years, life expectancy from birth, and infant mortality rate) of people living with cancers (PLWCs) depend largely on health financing which revolves around health economics and governance. This study highlighted the global burden of cancer disease and the role of good governance in improving the quality care and health indices of PLWC. To actualize this, the study focused on the application of a strategic operational framework of good governance and health financing for quality care and cancer control, especially in low-income countries, where there are leadership malfeasances. This short communication was an integrated review of works of literature on global cancer statistics updates, health economics, health governance, and palliative care of cancer patients using PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, cancer control guidelines, Google Scholar, and African Journal Online as databases. The paper presented a synthesis of the reviewed articles and the expected outcome of the possible interventions on cancer control. The article was analyzed and grouped according to the following categories namely health indices and social determinants of health (SDH) in a nation, health economics and health governance in cancer control, operational frameworks for cancer control, and palliative care in cancer control. To achieve sustainable cancer control in any nation, good political will, good governance, and equitable health financing are vital priority areas of action. Good governance can improve the quality of life of PLWC when the government in collaboration with other key stakeholders passionate about cancer control provides sustainable favorable SDH, in addition to operational frameworks for cancer control, protection, prevention, treatment, and awareness promotion.","PeriodicalId":92883,"journal":{"name":"Calabar journal of health sciences","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81181379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calabar Journal of Health Sciences on the move","authors":"A. Essiet","doi":"10.25259/cjhs_19_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/cjhs_19_2022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92883,"journal":{"name":"Calabar journal of health sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81299826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rejuvenating potentials of Curcuma longa on Sudan IV dye induced hepato-renal injury","authors":"N. M. Essien, O. Eteng, T. N. Okot-Asi, Nseobong O. Bassey, Joe Enobong Essiet, M. Eteng","doi":"10.25259/cjhs_32_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/cjhs_32_2021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Sudan IV dye (S4D), has been reported to enhance the color of food products example palm oil, despite the health issues associated with these colorants. The potent antioxidant attribute of Curcuma longa facilitates its capacity to protect the kidney against deleterious attacks by free radicals. This study investigated the rejuvenating potentials of the extract of C. longa by S4D induced hepato-renal injury in rats.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Twenty-five female albino rats were distributed into five groups, as follows: Group 1 received distilled water and diet only, Group 2 received 10% S4D+100 mg C.L, Group 3 received 15% S4D +100 mg C.L, while Groups 4 and 5 received 200 mg and 250 mg C.L, respectively. After 3 weeks of administration of Curcuma treatment, animals were sacrificed; liver, kidney, and small intestine were collected for analyses. Aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, gamma-glutamyl transferase, glutathione-s-transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase, as well as some selected electrolytes were measured.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Results show that treatment with 200 mg and 250 mg/kg significantly (P < 0.05) rejuvenated these enzyme biomarkers while modulating the physiological levels of the serum electrolytes and kidney markers.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000C. longa exhibited a significant antioxidant potential that sustain the cells from the effect of S4D toxicity. Hence, the results indicate a possible ameliorative mechanism of the plant extract against S4D- induced hepato-renal injury. Therefore, the inclusion of C. longa into our daily diet might limit the effect of the hepato-renal injury.\u0000","PeriodicalId":92883,"journal":{"name":"Calabar journal of health sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85085261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}