Journal of public health issues and practices最新文献

{"title":"The Role of HIV Antiretroviral Medication on Motor-Cognitive and Neurological Alterations in Hispanic People Living with HIV","authors":"Martin G. Rosario, Leah Jamison Spt, G. Gines","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100160","url":null,"abstract":"The Role of HIV and Abstract Motor-Cognitive alterations (MCAs) are associated with HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy. MCAs create a profound negative impact on their independence causing a burden to caregivers and the health care system. At early stages of the HIV disease, mild MCAs affecting the central nervous system can be identified in individuals with HIV, however, these MCAs increase in severity as time and the condition progress. Despite the prominence of these traits among individuals with HIV, the manifestation and severity of these MCAs are not linear. Purpose: The aim of this project to assess the impact of medication with MCA's and comorbidities among Hispanics with HIV. Methods: Data was collected from 575 out of 1,300 participants’ record. Variables related to cd4, blood work, urinalysis, physical activity, and demographics (age, year with diagnosis) we're collected. Data analysis of this study utilizes two types of analysis univariate and bivariate for demographic profile data and to identify correlation of multiple comorbidities and antiretroviral therapy. Then a Pearson chi square was used for the relationship analysis between peripheral neuropathy and antiretroviral therapy. The majority of the subjects were male aged between 81/2- and 451/2-years old living with HIV diagnosis. Mainly, Participants were categorized as having the HIV diagnosis with a cd4 cell count of 598 ± 346.8 cells/uL with a non-detected viral load. Results: showed the mains comorbidities among individuals with HIV are hypertension 28%, depression 25%, peripheral neuropathy 23.6%. A poor relationship between peripheral neuropathy and individuals with HIV was found using between 2-3 antiretroviral therapy. However, it was not statistically significant (X² (2)> = 1.509, p = .470). Conclusion: Hispanic living with HIV, MCA's manifest as depression and in some extent peripheral neuropathy. We suggest cardiovascular and psychological testing to all participants suffering with HIV. Additional are for strength test, cardiovascular and activity among these count, lipid panel values, blood work, comorbidities, among other variables, are we able to distinguish any of the factors that alter neurocognitive and neuromotor status?","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental Monitoring of Academics and Adolescents’ Engagement in Substance Use","authors":"Debadutt Goswami, K. R. Thompson","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100166","url":null,"abstract":"Lifelong substance use often begins during adolesence. Eighty-eight percent of adult daily smokers began before age 18. By 12th grade, about two-thirds of student have tried alcohol; approximately half of 9 th through 12 th grade students have reported ever having used marijuana; and among 12 th graders, approximately 2 in 10 reported using prescription medicine without a prescription. Adolescents reporting lower levels of parental monitoring are more likely to use illicit substance (primarily cannabis use). Poor parental monitoring is associated with many negative youth outcomes, including maladjustment, association with deviant peers, and poor performance in school. The purpose of this research was to determine if parental involvement in student academics, specifically parental checking student homework and parental help with student homework, were significantly associated with substance use based on data from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). The results of this study indicate both parental checking of homework and helping with homework are strongly and significantly associated with a reduction in substance use by adolescents (p = 0.0001).","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Work and Social Media: Organizing in the Digital Age","authors":"Shawyn C. Lee","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100158","url":null,"abstract":"Social workers are trained to be actively involved in the lives of their clients and communities. They become seeped in the socio-cultural environments and lived realities of people negatively affected by oppression and social injustices. As such, it is easy for social workers to suffer from vicarious trauma and compassion fatigue. Complicating this reality is the effect of social media on the wellbeing of social workers. The use of devices, such as smartphones and tablets, is used regularly in education and workplace settings. Whether for strictly professional purposes, or dotted with personal use throughout the day, we are one tap away from the vast world of social media and social networking sites. The majority of Americans that have these devices access news stories on sites such as Facebook, Snapchat, and Twitter. These stories can certainly help inform us on the broader more macro issues our clients and communities face. But they can also have a profound effect on our ability to repeatedly engage with values, beliefs, and systems that are harmful and dangerous to our clients and ourselves. Because of our dependence on our devices, and the constant barrage of especially negative news stories, how can social workers continue to do their work effectively? This perspective piece considers repeated exposure to negative news stories on Facebook and its effects on social workers engaged in community organizing. Implications for further research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention of Tobacco Use in Youth with Disabilities: A Video Experimental Model","authors":"D. Green, H. Lewis, Sara Vogt","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100168","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews literature available in relationship to youth tobacco prevention through education and use of a video creation by the students. The study also incorporates the Cone of Experience in relationship to the students retaining knowledge from the process of creating short video clips related to the effects of tobacco use in youth. Data for this study was collected via pre- and post-test questionnaires of youth students attending a Boys & Girls Club of America in Southeastern United States. Various descriptive statistical analyses were utilized to compare the results of the pre- and post-tests to determine how much students learned from educational presentations and video creation in relationship to tobacco prevention.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69687999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Energy Drinks on Lower Limb Neuromuscular Timing and Postural Sway in Healthy Young Adults","authors":"Martin G. Rosario, L. Jamison, Aneesah Hyder","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100163","url":null,"abstract":"Influence of Energy Drinks on Lower Limb Neuromuscu lar and Postural Sway in Abstract Energy drinks have become popular during the last few years. Many researchers explain the benefits the beverage has on sports or college settings. Other studies focused on the negative position of these drinks, such as reducing blood flow and balance alterations. Various modifications related to energy drink intake might be at a more system and physiological level, like the central nervous system and neuromuscular control. Purpose: This study aims to ascertain the influence of a standard 16-ounce energy drink on neuromuscular timing and standing postural compensation of young, healthy adults while performing a series of complex dual-motor tasks. Methods: Nine females and four males were recruited, screened, and signed the informed consent to be studied for this work. All participants were apparently healthy young adults with no underlying conditions that could potentially impact muscle activation and balance. The Tibialis anterior and Gastrocnemius neuromuscular timing data were collected with surface EMG electrodes. Accelerometers and gyroscopes were used to collect postural sway data. Subjects were asked to execute four balance tasks pre-energy drink consumption, and the same tasks were repeated post energy drink consumption to equate data points. Results: Postural Sway was comparable before and after energy drink intake. Neuromuscular timing data indicates modifications of nerve conduction on the Tibialis anterior and Gastrocnemius musculature. Conclusion: We infer that the ingredients in energy drinks, including guarana and B-vitamins, are altering nerve conduction velocity in postural muscles. Future studies should research the influence of energy drinks in different scenarios and different populations. most complex of the given tasks. Additionally, the Tibialis anterior showed more signs of adaptations to the effects of the energy drinks in comparison to the Gastrocnemius. We maintain the reduced cross-sectional ratio of the muscle compared to Gastrocnemius is why these results were shown. exploring or pathologies, including diabetic foot or HIV peripheral neuropathy of the Tibialis be to understanding the mechanisms behind this nerve conduction adaptation. with measures on neuromuscular activation and","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are We Ready in Case of a Campus Shooting?","authors":"Huaibo Xin, Viktoria Schmitz, Dustin Brueggemann, Kevin Schmoll","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100173","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine college students’ perception, attitude, and knowledge of an active shooter incident in order to identify and aid their future campus public health emergency preparedness training. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study, and a total of 455 undergraduate and graduate students were recruited from a variety of majors enrolled in 19 randomly selected classes. A 22-question semi-structured survey questionnaire was distributed and completed by the participants. Data was analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Results: Approximately, 82% of the participants indicated that they would be panicked or terrified during a campus shooting and more than half of the participants thought that an active shooter incident could happen to any campus and perceived that their current institution was prepared for it. Participants presented moderate knowledge of an active shooter preparedness. Less than 32% of the participants had prior gun violence preparedness training, and more than 83% of them emphasized the importance of routine emergency preparedness training. There was no clear trend indicating that a higher student classification led to a better preparedness. Conclusions: Attention should largely be given to developing consistent, tailored, and evidence-based institutional emergency training programs to facilitate a campus-wide readiness.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A West Texas County Food Insecurity Survey Findings","authors":"Jayson B. Brown, Floyd Huang, J. Brown","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100169","url":null,"abstract":"Despite living in the world’s largest food-producing nation, children and adults face poverty and hunger in every county across America. According to Feeding America [1], more than 38 million Americans are living in poverty. More than 37 million people struggle with hunger in this country, including more than 11 million children. 1 in every 9 Americans are food insecure. The situation is even worse in the state of Texas where 1 in every 7 Texans are food insecure. This makes Texas one of just 15 states with higher food insecurity than the national average [2]. In 2018, The Tom Green County Hunger Coalition (TGCHC) conducted a Food Access Survey (FAS) to help determine areas of need regarding food","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Weight among Undergraduate Students in a Northeast Public University","authors":"","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100171","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender in Context: A Multilevel Examination of the Effects of Structural Factors on Individual-Level Sentencing Decisions","authors":"Tina L. Freiburger","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100162","url":null,"abstract":"The extant research has failed to consider how community factors affect women’s sentences. Drawing from the focal concerns perspective and feminist perspectives, the current study examines the possible influence that variations in gender equality at the community level have on the individual treatment of women in the court system. Using data from the Pennsylvania Sentencing Commission and United States Census Bureau, the results indicate that women are less likely to be incarcerated than men. This disparity was found to be smaller in areas with larger disparities in men and women income levels. Gender was not found to be significant for the sentence length decision, but a significant interaction between rate of married women in a community and gender was found, with women receiving longer sentences in areas with higher rates of married women.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Campus Tobacco-Free Policy on Tobacco and Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Initiation and Cessation among Students, Faculty, and Staff","authors":"G. Garcia, J. Mapaye, Valeria Delgado Lopez, Erin Roxbury, Neelou Tabatabai-Yazdi","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100159","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study examines the effects of having a tobacco-free policy in three University of Alaska campuses two years post-implementation among students, faculty, and staff. It also identifies factors associated with tobacco cessation and ENDS use. Methods: Self-administered online survey was conducted in spring 2017 and 2018. Results: Most of the current tobacco users began using tobacco prior to policy implementation, while most current ENDS users in 2018 started using ENDS when the policy had been in place. Students and those who are younger are more likely to quit tobacco during policy implementation; and males, students, and those who are younger and current tobacco users are more likely to use ENDS. Conclusions: Study findings suggest that campus tobacco-free policy can promote tobacco cessation and help prevent tobacco initiation. However, such a policy does not necessarily affect ENDS use. Specific groups need additional interventions to assist in tobacco and ENDS cessation.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}