Clinics in mother and child health最新文献

{"title":"Neonatal Infection in the University Teaching Hospital of Parakou/Benin: Trends in Frequency and Lethality from 2010 To 2016","authors":"J. Agossou, A. Noudamadjo, Adedemy Jd, F. AgbeilleMohamed, Kpanidja Mg, Zinvokpodo Km, R. Ahodégnon","doi":"10.35248/2090-7214.19.16.336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2090-7214.19.16.336","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In countries with high mortality, as in sub-Saharan Africa, approximately half of the neonatal deaths are attributable to infections. This study aimed to investigate the trends in frequency and lethality of neonatal infections in the University Teaching Hospital of Parakou (CHU-P), from 2010 to 2016. Patients and methods: This research work is a cross-sectional and descriptive study with retrospective collection of data carried out in the CHU-P Pediatric Unit during the period running from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2016. It involved newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit during the study period. Main variables were related to neonatal infections. Results: During the study period, 6204 newborns were registered, including 3530 boys and 2674 girls i.e. a sex ratio of 1.32. Mean age for newborns was 6.01 ± 5.39 days. Average frequency of neonatal infection (NNI) was 54.11%, oscillating between 48.87% in 2010 and 56.91% in 2015. Average lethality or mortality rate was estimated at 26.30%, with extremes of 21.12% in 2013 and 31.58% in 2012. Conclusion: More than 5 out of 10 children hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit between 2010 and 2016 were diagnosed with a neonatal infection and one out of five newborns died of it. This sometimes justifies the excessive use of antibiotics. Prospective study with appropriate diagnostic tools is necessary to take stock of the actual status of neonatal infection in the hospital’s neonatal intensive care unit.","PeriodicalId":92765,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in mother and child health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69965600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Early Surfactant Administration Associated with Reduced Mortality in the Late Preterm Infant?","authors":"A. V. Heerden","doi":"10.4172/2090-7214.1000314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-7214.1000314","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The late preterm infant is at great risk of neglect because it is perceived as near term, however this group suffers from disease due to prematurity and needs great attention. Surfactant use is a well-established intervention that improves outcomes in preterm infants however the timing of its use in this group is not well studied. Objective: To assess whether administration of surfactant within 30 min of birth when clinically indicated reduces mortality in the late preterm infant, and to compare rates of early surfactant use and mortality to international trends using the Vermont Oxford Network database. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at private neonatal ICU in Gauteng, where data were collected from 2002 to 2013. Data on mortality and surfactant use were compiled using the online database called the Vermont Oxford Network. Comparisons were then made between the periods where surfactant was administered early and when they were not. Results: A total of 3040 cases were retrieved over the study period 2002 to 2013. The mean age of the population was 35-1/7 weeks and the mean birth weight was 2222.32 grams. During the study period, early surfactant administration rose to 90.62% compared to the VON which was averaged at 32.53%. Mortality dropped from 3.12% to 0.39% during the interventional period. This was significantly lower than the VON's mortality of 1.21% (p<0.05). A strong inverse correlation between early surfactant use and mortality was observed with the Pearson correlation coefficient being -0.86 (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that for the late preterm infant, early surfactant use within 30 minutes of birth was significantly higher at the study center than international trends. It also demonstrated that mortality was lower, and that a strong inverse correlation was found between mortality and early surfactant use. Being a retrospective study, there is the possibility of confounding variables, and so a double blind controlled study is needed to explore the timing of surfactant administration in the late preterm infant.","PeriodicalId":92765,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in mother and child health","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Diarrhea and Its Associated Factors among Under-Five Children in Open Defecation Free and Non-Open Defecation Free Households in Goba District Southeast Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Sintayehu Megersa, Tomas Benti Tefera, B. Sahiledengle","doi":"10.24105/2090-7214.16.324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24105/2090-7214.16.324","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Ethiopia, diarrhea kills half a million under-five children every year and most cases of diarrhea spread in settings with lack of sanitation facilities. In effect, Ethiopia began to adopt a Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) approach which aimed at generating a collective sense of intolerance towards open defecation through empowering local communities to find solutions for sanitation related problems such as diarrhea. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of diarrhea and its associated factors among under-five children in open defecation free (ODF) and non-ODF households in Goba district, southeast Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based comparative cross-sectional study was employed from March 1 to April 30, 2017, in Goba district. A total of 732 households (366 ODF and 366 non-ODF households) that had at least one under-five children were included in the study. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were computed. Results: The two weeks diarrheal prevalence in under-five children among ODF and non-ODF households were 17.2% and 23.2%, respectively. A significant difference in the occurrence of diarrhea was observed between ODF and non-ODF households [x2(df)=3.93(1), p=0.04]. Unsanitary disposal of children`s faeces [AOR: 2.68; 95% CI: 1.66, 4.30], exclusive breastfeeding [AOR: 0.43; 95%CI: 0.26, 0.71], mother not attend formal education [AOR: 1.93; 95% CI:1.18, 3.15] were factors associated with diarrhoea in ODF households. On the other hand, latrine cleanliness [AOR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.82], presence of faces in the compound [AOR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.05, 4.17], and child age [AOR: 1.93; 95%CI: 1.04. 3.57] were factors associated with diarrhea in non-ODF households. Conclusion: The prevalence of diarrhea slightly higher in non-ODF households than ODF households. Therefore, intensifying Community-Led Total Sanitation and hygiene approach strongly recommended.","PeriodicalId":92765,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in mother and child health","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69013906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Satisfaction towards Skilled Delivery Services and Associated Factors among Mothers who Gave Birth at Government Health Facilities, Jimma Town, Ethiopia","authors":"Alemayehu Gonie, B. Tebeje, M. Sinaga","doi":"10.4172/2090-7214.1000302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-7214.1000302","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Client satisfaction is patients’ subjective responses to experienced care mediated by personal preferences and expectations. Allowing women to express their views about different phases of delivery service, the care provided by different health professionals provides richer information about the care they received. However, limited studies are available that assess mothers' satisfaction towards skilled delivery service in Jimma town government health facilities. So, the purpose of this study was to assess satisfaction on skilled delivery service and associated factors among mothers who delivered at Jimma town government health facilities. \u0000 \u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study involving both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection was used from March 5-May 10/2014. A total of 366 mothers were enrolled in the study using interviewer-administered structured questionnaires. In-depth interview was conducted for qualitative data. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Logistic regression analysis was applied. The independent variables with p<0.05 in multiple analysis were considered as predictors of delivery service satisfaction. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed. \u0000 \u0000Results: In this study, 78.7% of mothers were satisfied with delivery services. Mothers who had planned delivery were 2.5 times more likely to be satisfied than those referral delivery cases (AOR 2.5 and 95% CI=1.2-5.6) and mothers who obtained free delivery services were 2.9 times more likely to be satisfied than mothers who paid (AOR=2.9 and 95% CI=1.3-6.4). Mothers who perceived the toilet was cleaned were 2 times more likely to be satisfied than their counterparts (AOR=2.0 and 95% CI=1.01-3.8) and mothers who felt being treated with respect were 1.7 times more likely to be satisfied than mothers who did not feel respected (AOR=1.7 and 95% CI=1.1-6.8) and mothers who perceived their privacy was maintained were 1.5 times more likely to be satisfied than their counterparts (AOR= 1.5 and 95% CI=1.9-9.5). \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: In general, more than three-fourth of mothers were satisfied with skilled delivery services. This study also revealed predictors of delivery service satisfaction: planned delivery, free delivery service, perceived cleanness of toilets, and perceived presence of privacy and empathetic interactions of staffs. As a recommendation, those health facilities should take into account mothers' feedback to improve the quality of delivery service.","PeriodicalId":92765,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in mother and child health","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45967705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Survey of the Experiences and Perceptions of Midwifery Nurses on the Mom Connect Programme in Bojanala, South Africa","authors":"Sb Pitse, H. V. D. Heever","doi":"10.4172/2090-7214.1000298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-7214.1000298","url":null,"abstract":"MomConnect is a form of mobile health technology which requires healthcare workers to register and confirm the client’s pregnancy on a national database using a cell phone. This programme is driven by primary users such as midwifery nurses, hence the need to obtain their views. The objectives of this study were to determine the experiences and perceptions of midwifery nurses regarding the MomConnect programme in Bojanala health district, North West Province in South Africa. A quantitative, cross-sectional survey was done with 100 midwifery nurses offering antenatal care in Rustenburg sub-district primary healthcare facilities. Mixed perceptions and experiences were identified. The majority of the respondents found MomConnect to be an acceptable way to provide continuous care (97%, n=97) and further support its continued use (87%, n=87). On the other hand, some respondents viewed MomConnect as extra work (52%, n=52), impossible to integrate into routine care (39%, n=39) and disrupting the workflow at times (44%, n=44).","PeriodicalId":92765,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in mother and child health","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45683112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status of Respectful Maternal Care in Ndola and Kitwe Districts of Zambia","authors":"H. T. Nyirenda, David Mulenga, Tambulani Nyirenda, Nancy Choka, P. Agina, Brenda Mubita, Rehema Chengo, Shiphrah Kuria, H. Nyirenda","doi":"10.4172/2090-7214.1000297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-7214.1000297","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The purpose of the assessment was to conduct an evaluation on the status of respectful maternal care Ndola and Kitwe districts in the Copperbelt Province. \u0000 \u0000Methods: The assessment used a cross-sectional study design and captured quantitative data on self-reporting of experiences of respectful maternal care during child birth among women in the reproductive age group with a child below the age of 2 years. The study was conducted in two urban districts of the Copperbelt Province of Zambia specifically in Ndola and Kitwe districts. The sample size was 471 resident women of the selected 18 high volume health facilities. Cluster sampling was used to select the sampling units referred to as catchment areas of the health facilities. A structured interview questionnaire was used to conduct household interviews. Univariate and bivariate analysis were conducted on quantitative data to provide descriptive statistics. Chi-square analysis was performed to ascertain associations. \u0000 \u0000Results: The study successfully visited and interviewed 470 women in household giving a 99% response rate. Findings show that 31% were aged between 20 to 24 years, three quarters (75%) were married/living with a partner, 4 in 10 (40%) had a basic education and two-thirds (66%) were not engaged in any form of employment or economic activity. The findings show that on average, 18% of the women had experienced physical abuse by a service provider during child birth. Prominent issues that led to ill-treatment included 43% of the women not provided comfort/pain-relief. On average 41% of the women received non-consented care from the service provider. Women (74%) indicated that the service provider did not allow women to assume position of choice during birth. The findings also show that about 22% of women’s right to confidentiality and privacy were not adhered to. Women (42%) also reported that there were no drapes or covering to protect their privacy and 19% indicated that there were no curtains or other visual barrier to protect woman during exams. Findings also show that on average 31% of women’s right to dignified care was not adhered to. Overall in the study, 13% of the women were discriminated based on specific attributes. The findings indicate that on average 39% of the women were abandoned or denied care. Key issues include, 65% of the women reported being left without care or unattended to and 28% service provider did not respond in a timely way. Further, only 6% of the women were detained in the health facility. \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: The maternal outcomes observed such as home deliveries and deliveries by skilled and unskilled birth attendants mirror the quality of care in health facilities. Indications of non-adherence to the rights of child bearing women are a barrier to achieving quality of care for child bearing women. There is need to comprehensively train service providers in respectful maternal care and devise mechanisms for implementation and supportive supervis","PeriodicalId":92765,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in mother and child health","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41759507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aplasia Cutis Congenita with Ectopic Mongolian Spot in a Child of a Patient of Multiple Sclerosis: A Rare Case Report","authors":"S. Bose, N. Jha, E. Thomas, A. Bhatia","doi":"10.4172/2090-7214.1000296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-7214.1000296","url":null,"abstract":"Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is a rare heterogenous disorder which is characterized by focal absence of skin since birth. Underlying structures such as bone or dura may also be involved. ACC has been considered to be a forme fruste of a neural tube defect by many authors. It might occur in isolation or in association with certain syndromes. We report a case of a new born male with membranous type of ACC over vertex extending to the left parietal region with partial agenesis of parietal bone and ectopic mongolian spot over left ankle.","PeriodicalId":92765,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in mother and child health","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41855766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Randomized Study Comparing Two Gestational Diabetes Screening Strategies in a Reference Maternity Hospital in Southern Benin","authors":"Ogoudjobi Om, M. S. Lokossou, Veronique Tognifode, M. Aboubakar, A. Kerekou, E. Tandjiekpon, Denakpo Jl, R. Perrin","doi":"10.4172/2090-7214.1000295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-7214.1000295","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this work is to compare two gestational diabetes screening strategies. Patients and methods: We conducted a comparative randomized study that screened gestational diabetes on pregnant women who are between 24th and 28th weeks of amenorrhea. We conducted the trials either by measuring fasting glucose values or by a glucose tolerance test performed two hours after oral loading of 75 g glucose (WHO test). The study involved 580 pregnant women (290 for each type of trial) who came for antenatal appointment at the reference maternity hospital in Porto-Novo (Benin) between February 2nd, 2015 and January 31st, 2017. Results: We detected 26 cases (9%) of gestational diabetes by the “fasting glucose value measurement method” as compared to the 18 cases (6.2%) detected by the WHO test, leading to a p-value of 0.209. The two types of test were equally relevant: Sensitivity (59.09% vs. 40.91%), specificity (50.75% vs. 49.25%), positive predictive value (8.97% vs. 6.21%), and predictive value negative (93.79% vs. 91.03%). All pregnant women tested “negative” between their 24th and their 28th weeks of amenorrhea, were tested again during the 32nd week of amenorrhea, using the WHO test method and no new case of gestational diabetes was detected. Conclusion: Fasting glucose value measurement method can be an alternative method for gestational diabetes screening in a population where the WHO test is not available.","PeriodicalId":92765,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in mother and child health","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46000459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weaning Practices among Breastfeeding Mothers Local Communities of Enugu State Nigeria","authors":"E. Po, Ndie Ec, Nwankwo Cu","doi":"10.4172/2090-7214.1000293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-7214.1000293","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Weaning is a time during which the mother and her new born baby are expected to adjust to the emotional and nutritional demands of life processes including weaning food required for growth and development. The purpose of this study was to determine the weaning practices of breastfeeding mothers attending Postnatal and Child Welfare services in rural communities of Enugu North Local Government Area of Enugu State-Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive research design was used. A convenient sample of 221 mothers was used. Interview guide was the instrument used for data collection. Results: Result revealed that only 5.0% of mothers had no formal educations. 50.2% of mothers were civil servants; 12.2% were students; 24.4% were traders. Only 11.8% were full time house wife. Only 40.7% actually know the real meaning of weaning. Sources of information include: Health workers; parent/sisters in laws; printed materials. All mothers breast fed their infants. Weaning was started as early as less than two months by 4.5% of mothers, while up to 82.4% started between 7-9 months of age. Discussion: Adult diet were introduced as early as the first two months of life; major sources of information were health workers, parents, husband and significant others. Weaning was started at less than two months of age but majority started from seven months and above. Reasons weaning the infant are varied: mother being pregnant, insufficient breast milk, wish of husband, mother and relations were the main reasons provided for starting weaning infants. Conclusion: Mothers were health educated on proper meaning of weaning, timing; and suitable local food mixes to use, as well as implications for poor weaning.","PeriodicalId":92765,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in mother and child health","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45877109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Prevalence of Diarrheal Disease Under-five Children Serbo Town, Jimma Zone South West Ethiopia","authors":"Degefa Guta Kasye, Niguse Hamba Garoma, M. Kassa","doi":"10.4172/2090-7214.1000281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-7214.1000281","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although there is global decline in the death rates of children younger than 5 years old, the risk of a child dying before becoming 5 years of age remains highest in the WHO African Region (90 per 1000 live births). The highest rates of child mortality are seen in sub-Saharan Africa, where 1 in 8 children dies before age 5, more than 17 times the average for developed regions. The problem of child death in Ethiopia is worse, with an Ethiopian child being 30 times more likely to die by his/her fifth birthday than a child in Western Europe. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with diarrhoea among children younger than five years old. \u0000Objective: The objective of this study was to measure the prevalence of diarrhoea and its associated factors among children under-five years of age in Serbo town in Jimma zone, Ethiopia. \u0000Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted on children younger than five years old from June to July 2017. A total of 250 under-five children were included in this study, and subjects were recruited by the multistage cluster sampling technique. Data were collected by a pre-tested questionnaire. The data were coded, entered, cleaned and analyzed the SPSS software package version 24. \u0000Result: The prevalence of childhood diarrhoea was 14.9% (n=26) high rate in under 2 years and no sex variation. The proportion of acute watery diarrhoea was 92.3% (n=24) of those children 76.9% (n=20) were treated in health institution. The age care takers was assessed and those 20-39 years of age had the highest rate 65.4% (n=17) of the two weeks diarrhoea prevalence. Mothers of children who had completed 1-6 grade had the highest rate 11 (42.3%) of two weeks diarrhoea prevalence. \u0000Conclusion: In this study, prevalence of diarrhoea among under-five children was quite high. The highest rate of the prevalence was significantly concentrated among children aged 20-29 (40.1%) months. The age of child, educational level of mothers, and the economic status of households were the most important variables that affected the occurrence of diarrhoea in children.","PeriodicalId":92765,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in mother and child health","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2090-7214.1000281","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47791780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}