Clinics in mother and child health最新文献

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of HIV Positive Breastfeeding Mothers in Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) and Associated Factors","authors":"C. Yonaba, Angèle Kalmogho, D. Dahourou, Nadine Guibré, Fatimata Barry, A. Valian, Coumbo Boly, F. Ouédraogo, C. Zoungrana, A. Kaboré, D. Yé, F. Kouéta, L. Kam","doi":"10.4172/2090-7214.1000284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-7214.1000284","url":null,"abstract":"World Health Organization (WHO) places strong emphasis on exclusive breastfeeding of HIV exposed infants during the first 6 months, combined to antiretroviral treatment for mothers and prophylaxis for infants. However, adherence to safe breastfeeding among HIV infected mothers is still a major challenge in Burkina Faso. We conducted a cross sectional study in four hospitals in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso in order to explore knowledge, attitudes and practices of HIV infected breastfeeding mothers attending selected clinics for Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT). Two hundred and one HIV infected mothers attended the clinics for their children’s routine medical visit, among them 162 (81%) had chosen breastfeeding. The majority of women (95%) were familiar with PMTCT measures required during pregnancy and childbirth, whereas prevention measures required during breastfeeding period were less mentioned: mothers strict adherence to antiretroviral treatment (48.1%), safe sexual practices (1.85%), cessation of breastfeeding in case of breast infection (6.2%), avoiding traditional enema (36.4%) and stopping breastfeeding at the age of 12 months after 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding along with the introduction of other foods and fluids (43.2%). Moreover, 52.2% of women did not practice exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months. Factors associated with poor breastfeeding practices were: infant feeding option decided solely by the mother, living in well serviced areas and having a low score (≤ 3) of knowledge on how to prevent HIV transmission during breastfeeding. There is a need for urgent interventions in support of safe breastfeeding in HIV exposed infants in Ouagadougou.","PeriodicalId":92765,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in mother and child health","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70976018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancy-associated Malaria, Challenges and Prospects in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"I. Aguzie","doi":"10.4172/2090-7214.1000282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-7214.1000282","url":null,"abstract":"Pregnancy-associated malaria remains a major risk to the pregnant woman, her foetus and infants in sub- Saharan Africa. Infection by Plasmodium falciparum significantly affects maternal, foetal and neonatal wellbeing. Maternal anaemia, low birth weight, preterm labour, spontaneous abortion, and maternal and neonatal mortalities are some of its consequences. It complicates maternal immunological response and possibly also selfishly pre-empt foetal immunological response by transplacental communications. Therefore, the impacts may extend well beyond the duration of pregnancy and the immediate period post-delivery. Effective case management and prevention continue to yield positive results, but challenges still remains especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The challenges of antenatal service provision, compliance with intermittent preventive treatment at pregnancy by sulfadoxinepyrimethamine (IPTp-SP), widespread SP resistance, and resistance to insecticide treated nets (ITNs) and insecticides continue to complicate efforts at PAM control in sub-Saharan Africa. Hopefully, the Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016–2030 will comprehensively consider these challenges and improve the prospect of every pregnant woman in sub-Saharan Africa.","PeriodicalId":92765,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in mother and child health","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70976194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prenatal and Perinatal Risk Variables of the Sensory Processing Disorder","authors":"Magdalena Szczepara-Fabian, E. Emich-Widera, Beata Kazek, Aleksandra Kaniewska, J. Paprocka","doi":"10.4172/2090-7214.1000286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-7214.1000286","url":null,"abstract":"Sensory Processing Disorder has a negative effect on a child’s functioning. The etiology and pathomechanics of sensory processing disorder has not yet been fully identified. The prenatal and perinatal variables have been described as the significant causes. The purpose of this work was to determine the most common and presently occurring prenatal and perinatal problems that may serve as the predictors of SPD. The studied group consisted of 89 children with identified sensory processing disorder and no other neurological disorders. The control group consisted of 88 children within the same age group which were healthy and did not suffer from the sensory processing disorder. The retrospective data from the prenatal and perinatal periods were collected through a questionnaire, prepared specifically for the purpose of this project. Besides that, the complex assessment of the children consisted of a pediatrics neurologic and physiotherapy/SI diagnosis examination. The age appropriate checklist, prepared by the American Occupational Therapy Association, has also been used. In the case of children between the ages of 7 months to 3 years old, Georgia A. De Gangi’s Infant-Toddler Symptom Checklist was applied. Furthermore, during the examination, the therapist applied the Clinical Observation Checklist as well as the South Carolina Sensory Integration Tests trials for the children above 4 years old. It has been demonstrated that there is a predilection towards the type of sex in sensory processing disorder, and it occurs three times more frequently among boys than among girls, in the studied group. Among all analyzed variables, six of them occurred statistically significantly more frequently in the group with the sensory processing disorder. Considering the frequency of occurrence, those variables included the following: a low birthweight, a low Apgar score at 1 min, infections and cervical insufficiency, and, less frequently occurring, placental abruption. The multivariable analysis demonstrates that the concurrence of two out of six risk variables with the highest prediction results in 80% probability of the emergence of sensory processing disorder, and the concurrence of 3 variables results in 90% of that probability. Our research study results indicate that the children with the prenatal and perinatal history should be under a specialized multidisciplinary supervision at least until they start school. In case of the concurrence of two and more variables, such supervision should be mandatory.","PeriodicalId":92765,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in mother and child health","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70976216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Quality of Prenatal Consultations in the Regions of Kandi-Gogounou-Segbana in the Northern Benin","authors":"Lokossou Mshs, Ogoudjobi Om, B. Hounkpatin, M. Vodouhè, K. Salifou, Komongui Dg, I. DesSossa, A. Lokossou, Perrin Rx","doi":"10.4172/2090-7214.1000303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-7214.1000303","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Care during pregnancy is important for the health of the mother and the development of the unborn baby. Objective: To evaluate the quality of Refocused Prenatal Consultations (RPNC) in one health zone of the Northern Benin. Patients and methods: This is a prospective and evaluative study carried out from March 20th to May 25th, 2017 in twelve health centers at the Kandi-Gogounou-Segbana health zone (KGS) in northern Benin. Sampling is systematic with extensive recruitment. The study included all midwives practicing in the study area and all pregnant women received by these midwives at one of the twelve public health centers of the KGS health zone during the study period. Each midwife and each pregnant woman are included after oral consent. Results: The quality of the Prenatal Consultation (PNC) at the KGS health zone in the Northern Benin is unsatisfactory (76.9%). Several steps of RPNC (Reception of pregnant, physical examination, tasks after examination, counseling/advices) were insufficiently executed. The best executed steps are Prevention care (92.8%), prenatal check-up (92.0%) and Interview/interrogation (91.3%). The quality of the RPNC is compromised by the lack of control and monitoring of norms and standards in force in Benin.","PeriodicalId":92765,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in mother and child health","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anorectal Malformation without Fistula in Female Neonate and Colonic Atresia: A Rare Association","authors":"S. Moufidath, Y. Baptiste, Kouamé Yapo Guy Serge, Thomas Helen Audrey, Odehouri-Koudou Thierry-Herve, K. Bertin, O. Ossenou","doi":"10.4172/2090-7214.1000304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-7214.1000304","url":null,"abstract":"The combination of colonic atresia and anorectal malformations is uncommon. The etiopathogeny of this association was obscure with an unknown frequency. Few cases were reported worldwide since the first description. We report a sporadic occurrence of this association in a 3-day Ivorian female newborn which to our knowledge has not been previously reported in sub-Saharan Africa.","PeriodicalId":92765,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in mother and child health","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors of Hyperemesis Gravidarum among Pregnant Women in Bale Zone Hospitals, Southeast Ethiopia: Unmatched Case-Control Study","authors":"A. Mekonnen, Fetene Kassahun Amogne, Chanyalew Worku Kassahun","doi":"10.4172/2090-7214.1000300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-7214.1000300","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hyperemesis gravidarum is defined as severe nausea and repeated vomiting during pregnancy that prevents oral intake of food and leads to dehydration, ketonuria and weight loss. Even though the incidence of HG varies in different areas, approximately 0.5%-4.8% of pregnant women develops HG during their pregnancy. Early detection of HG risk factors could reduce maternal and fetal complications, healthcare and societal costs. Studies have investigated risk factors for HG outside Ethiopia, but the studies have reported conflicting results in terms of study design, lack of proper sample size and control group. Therefore, this study identified sociodemographic and clinical risk factors of HG among pregnant women in Bale zone hospitals, Southeast Ethiopia. Methods: Unmatched case-control study was conducted in Bale zone hospitals. A total of 396 pregnant women (132 cases and 264 controls) were successfully interviewed using structured and pre-tested questionnaires. Pregnant women with confirmed diagnosis of HG were considered as cases and women who attended antenatal service were assigned as controls. For each case, two controls were included in the study. Data were entered into Epi-data 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Frequency distribution for categorical variables, the mean and standard deviation for continuous variables were computed. Logistic regression analyses were done. A significant association was declared at a p-value less than 0.05. Results: Residing in urban areas (AOR=2.96; 95% CI=1.50-5.86), being in the first trimester (AOR=8.90; 95% CI=7.00-14.76) and the second trimester (AOR=9.08 95% CI=2.95-27.91), having perceived stress illness (AOR=7.31; 95% CI=2.22-24.09), have been employed in either government or private sector (AOR=0.20, 95% CI=0.02-0.52) were associated with HG. Conclusions: Maternal residence, occupation, and perceived stress illness were associated with HG during pregnancy. Healthcare providers should look for psychological stressors at first ANC visit and these stressors need to be minimized through reassurance and provision of extra psychological support during follow up of HG cases. Women also gave due attention for employment before they decided to be pregnant.","PeriodicalId":92765,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in mother and child health","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Effect of Epidural Analgesia on Fetal Acid-base Balance in the First Stage of Labour","authors":"R. G. Delgado, Octavio Ramírez García, Eva E Alvarez Leon, R. G. Rodríguez, L. O. Zegarra, J. Hern, Ez","doi":"10.4172/2090-7214.1000308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-7214.1000308","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Epidural analgesia is a consolidated therapeutic technique generally used for the relief of labor pain. Since its introduction in obstetrics, there have been many studies that evaluate the effect that this type of analgesia has over the course of labor, and its possible repercussions on the mother and the fetus/newborn by analyzing data at birth. However, there exist very few studies that analyze the early effect that epidural analgesia has on the fetus. Objectives: The main objective of this study is to analyze the early effects of epidural analgesia on the fetal status by evaluating the possible changes in the acid-base fetal state, the most precise way to evaluate fetal wellbeing during labor, and cardiotocographic (CTG) tracing of the fetal heart rate after the administration of an epidural. Methods: This is a prospective study of 193 patients, in which a determination of the fetal acid-base equilibrium was done before the administration of epidural analgesia and repeated 60 min afterwards, evaluating possible changes in the results motivated by analgesia. Results: There was a statistically significant descent on fetal blood pH after the administration of epidural analgesia, as well as a significant increase in the number of fetal heart traces with alterations. The descent of fetal pH was greater in patients that had some gestational associated conditions. Conclusion: The administration of epidural analgesia during the first stage of labor caused, as an early effect, a significant descent in fetal blood pH, without that descent being clinically relevant over the fetal status in healthy fetuses. There must be a strict control in fetuses with some initial alteration in the CTG tracings.","PeriodicalId":92765,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in mother and child health","volume":"51 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2090-7214.1000308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the Average Daily Intake of Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) in Breastfed Babies in Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences","authors":"Hosein Dalili, F. Nayeri, M. Shariat, Vafa Ghorbansabagh, Zeinab Kavyani","doi":"10.4172/2090-7214.1000287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-7214.1000287","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Breast milk is rich in fat. Toxins, pollutants, drugs, and allergens, especially lipophilic toxins may accumulate in the breast milk; therefore, it can serve as potential source for transferring these toxins to the baby. Dioxins, including polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) are among these pollutants. The aim of this study was to determine the average daily intake of PCBs in breastfed babies. Materials and methods: Fifty breast milk samples were collected from breastfeeding mothers whose babies were born in Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran, Iran in 2014. Each sample was 20 cc and collected within the first 7 days after delivery. PCBs were measured using the GCMass method. We calculated the ADI based on ng/kg/day and compared it with tolerable daily intake (TDI). TDI was considered 20 ng/kg/day according to WHO. Results: The mean PCB concentration was 250.65 ng/gl.w in the collected samples. Among the 6 isomers measured, the concentration of PCB180<PCB153<PCB101<PCB138<PCB52<PCB28. The average daily intake of the babies was 0.498 μg/kg/day. Conclusion: Studies in different countries have shown different PCB concentrations in the breast milk. What is interesting is a decrease in the concentration of pollutants in recent years. A decrease has also been noted in Iran, as well. Since breast milk is still the first and the best source of nutrition for new-born infants, more efforts are needed to reduce the amount of pollutants in the breast milk. Since PCB enters the body via inhalation and dermal contact and stores in the fat tissue, and foods like fish, eggs, dairy products, and meat of wild animals are more likely to transfer this compound to the human body, it is important to control the quality of food products especially in pregnant women.","PeriodicalId":92765,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in mother and child health","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2090-7214.1000287","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70976717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appropriateness of Routine Crossmatch in Elective Caesarean Section for Low Risk Postpartum Hemorrhage Pregnancies","authors":"Ngamchuen Sripunlom, S. Ratchanon, S. Ouitrakul","doi":"10.4172/2090-7214.1000283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-7214.1000283","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate appropriateness of the blood ordering practice and transfusion for elective caesarean section in low risk postpartum hemorrhage. Materials and methods: A prospective descriptive study of routine cross-matching for elective caesarean section in low risk postpartum hemorrhage was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand from 26 July 2016 to 31 March 2017. Data including patient demographics (maternal age, body mass index and gestational age) and operative findings (indications for caesarean section, levels of surgeon, amount of blood loss and blood transfusion, Hb change at 24 h after surgery, operation time and fetal weight) were collected. PPH rate and transfusion utilization indices (Crossmatch to Transfusion ratio (C/T ratio), Transfusion probability (%T) and Transfusion index (Ti)) were calculated. Results: From 169 eligible participants, there were 2 cases excluded because of pre-operative undetected placenta adherent. There were five patients having PPH (3%). From 334 units of packed red cell (PRC) prepared for 167 patients, there were 6 units transfused to 5 patients. Only one patient received 2 units of PRC. Transfusion utilization indices (C/T ratio, %T, Ti) were 55.67, 2.99 and 0.03, respectively. Total cost for the cross matching process was 90,180 baht, but the actual transfusion cost was 2,700 baht. Conclusions: Routine two units of cross matched PRC for elective caesarean section in low risk PPH was seemingly shown inappropriate and over ordering. It led to unnecessary expenses and time consuming.","PeriodicalId":92765,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in mother and child health","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70976325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fetal response to maternal exercise: A new test in fetal medicine","authors":"pBoris Petrikovskyp","doi":"10.4172/2090-7214-C1-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-7214-C1-001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92765,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in mother and child health","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}