Claustrum最新文献

{"title":"From Sofia to Frankfurt and back: a most rewarding journey","authors":"D. Hinova-Palova","doi":"10.3402/CLA.V1.32181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/CLA.V1.32181","url":null,"abstract":"When I became an assistant in the Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology at the Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria, I was soon accepted into the neuroanatomy group with several highly experienced neuroanatomists. Professor G.P. Galabov was the head of the department and of the group. At the time, the neuroanatomy group was working on the problems of degeneration as well as cytoarchitecture, ultrastructure, synaptic organization, and connections of the substantia nigra (Prof. K.G. Usunoff), red nucleus (Prof. V. Ovtscharoff), subthalamic nucleus (Prof. K.V.Romansky), and inferior colliculus (Prof. A. Paloff). (Published: 2 June 2016) Citation: Claustrum 2016, 1: 32181 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/cla.v1.32181","PeriodicalId":92763,"journal":{"name":"Claustrum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3402/CLA.V1.32181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69711727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Claustral Delusions","authors":"A. Citri, S. Berretta","doi":"10.3402/cla.v1.31426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/cla.v1.31426","url":null,"abstract":"T he claustrum, a thin strip of neurons located medially to the insula, is as intriguing as it is understudied. With a particularly dense reciprocal connectivity with large swaths of cortex (1), and a plethora of neuromodulatory inputs, the claustrum has been the object of a number of hypotheses regarding its functions. These hypotheses include a role for the claustrum in integration of sensory information to create a unified conscious experience (2), cortical synchronization (3), modulation of cortical functional networks (4), saliency detection (5, 6), active sensing (7), and segregation of attention (8, 9). Interestingly, all these hypotheses revolve around a common theme, that of enabling the formation of an accurate and cohesive representation of the world around us. In their article ‘A new perspective on delusional states evidence for claustrum involvement’, Patru and Reser (10) hypothesize that disruption of claustral function may contribute to the pathogenesis of psychotic symptoms, delusions in particular. The authors’ suggestion is intriguing and should spark interest in an understudied and potentially relevant brain region. Importantly, direct evidence supporting the hypothesis is lacking, and a more cautious approach would be to broaden the discussion to psychoses rather than only delusions. The authors review the anatomy and functional connectivity of the claustrum, as well as hypotheses regarding its function, and place it in the context of the broad, yet sometimes confusing, clinical literature regarding claustral lesions in patients with delusions or psychotic behavior. A major confound of these studies is the extent of the lesions, which in most cases extended well beyond the claustrum. They then provide a number of intriguing hypotheses for how the claustrum may be responsible for the formation of delusions. Interestingly, it has recently been proposed that salvinorin A, a hallucinogenic kappa opioid agonist, may be acting on the claustrum, causing a disruption of the conscious binding of information to form an accurate representation of the surrounding world (11). This hypothesis is compatible with the proposal of Patru and Reser, and both are cohesive with the evolving notion of a potential role for the claustrum in selective allocation of attention, potentially through prioritizing salience to selected objects, reducing the salience of non-prioritized objects. Delusions are profoundly debilitating psychotic symptoms. Although conceptual models for these symptoms are still highly speculative, it is plausible, as suggested by Patru and Reser, that a common feature is impairment of the ability to accurately assess the ‘validity’ of the interpretation of reality. Breakdown of the assessment process may lead patients to adopt constructs of reality that contain implausible characterizations. Altered sensory gating and perception, reported in patients with major psychoses, may represent components of such breakdown and resonate with","PeriodicalId":92763,"journal":{"name":"Claustrum","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3402/cla.v1.31426","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69711032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}