Claustrum Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/20023294.2019.1578636

D. Hinova-Palova, A. Iliev, B. Landzhov, Georgi Kotov, S. Stanchev, G. Georgiev, V. Kirkov, L. Edelstein, A. Paloff

{"title":"Ultrastructure of the dorsal claustrum in cat. I. Types of neurons","authors":"D. Hinova-Palova, A. Iliev, B. Landzhov, Georgi Kotov, S. Stanchev, G. Georgiev, V. Kirkov, L. Edelstein, A. Paloff","doi":"10.1080/20023294.2019.1578636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20023294.2019.1578636","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background: The claustrum is the most densely connected brain structure by volume and has extensive reciprocal connections with numerous cortical areas. It is divided into two embryologically distinct parts – dorsal and ventral claustrum. Despite numerous recent findings, much remains unknown about its structure and function. Objective: The aim of our study was to observe and describe the ultrastructural characteristics of the different types of neurons in the dorsal claustrum of the cat and to discuss their possible functional significance. Design: We used a total of 10 healthy young male cats. The obtained histological material was processed in the usual way for transmission electron microscopy. Results: We observed four types of neurons in the dorsal claustrum of cats – large, medium-sized, small and ‘dwarf’ cells. While large and medium-sized neurons had a large electron-lucent nucleus with a wide cytoplasmic ring and an abundance of cellular organelles, small neurons had electron-lucent nuclei with varying degrees of dispersed and condensed chromatin and were poor in organelles. ‘Dwarf’ cells had the typical appearance of neurogliaform cells. Conclusion: Based on their ultrastructural features, we recognized large and medium-sized neurons as efferent, or projection neurons. On the other hand, small neurons and neurogliaform ‘dwarf’ cells had the typical ultrastructure of inhibitory interneurons.","PeriodicalId":92763,"journal":{"name":"Claustrum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20023294.2019.1578636","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49416155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Identifying SUM projections to claustrum is about knowing your limits. 确定SUM对claustrum的投影就是了解你的极限。

Claustrum Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Epub Date: 2019-05-23 DOI: 10.1080/20023294.2019.1609865

Houman Qadir, Brian N Mathur

引用次数: 1

Ischemic stroke of the left claustrum in a 55-year-old female: a case report 一例55岁女性左幽闭缺血性脑卒中

Claustrum Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/20023294.2018.1528135

G. Maximov, D. Hinova-Palova, A. Iliev, Georgi Kotov, V. Kirkov, B. Landzhov, Konstantin G. Maksimov

{"title":"Ischemic stroke of the left claustrum in a 55-year-old female: a case report","authors":"G. Maximov, D. Hinova-Palova, A. Iliev, Georgi Kotov, V. Kirkov, B. Landzhov, Konstantin G. Maksimov","doi":"10.1080/20023294.2018.1528135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20023294.2018.1528135","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background: The claustrum is a brain structure found in both hemispheres beneath the inner surface of the neocortex in the region of the insula and is bordered by the external and extreme capsule. Generally, it is divided into a dorsal part (claustrum proper or insular claustrum) and ventral part (endopiriform nucleus). The claustrum possesses complex reciprocal connections with the cortex, striatum, dorsal thalamic nuclei and hippocampus. Reports of patients with unilateral lesion of the claustrum are few in number. Herein, we present a case report of an ischemic stroke restricted to the left claustrum in a 55-year-old female Case Report: The patient presented with intense feeling of dizziness, ataxic gait, sensation of ‘vacuity’ in the head, decreased hearing and abnormal gustatory sensations. The neurological examination revealed a mixed horizontal and rotary nystagmus to the right side. Brain CT upon admission was assessed as normal without pathological findings. MRI was performed and showed an ischemic stroke restricted to the left claustrum with no other lesions. Following 4 weeks of therapy the patient recovered fully and duplex sonography showed preserved circulation in the affected areas. Conclusion: The present case report underlines the complexity of clinical symptomatology of the claustrum.","PeriodicalId":92763,"journal":{"name":"Claustrum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20023294.2018.1528135","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45056897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

WFA-labeled perineuronal nets in the macaque claustrum 猕猴闭孔区的wfa标记神经周围网

Claustrum Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/20023294.2018.1536104

M. Pletikos, K. Rockland

{"title":"WFA-labeled perineuronal nets in the macaque claustrum","authors":"M. Pletikos, K. Rockland","doi":"10.1080/20023294.2018.1536104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20023294.2018.1536104","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background: The claustrum (CLA) has been discussed as central to integrated conscious percepts, although recent evidence has emphasized a role in detecting sensory novelty or in amplifying correlated cortical inputs. Objective: We report that many neurons in the macaque CLA are ensheathed in perineuronal nets (PNNs), which contribute to synaptic stability and enhance neuronal excitability, among other properties. Design: We visualized PNNs by Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) immunohistochemistry, and quantified these in comparison these to parvalbumin+ (PV) subsets and total neurons. Results: PNNs ensheath about 11% of the total neurons. These are a range of large, medium, and small neurons, likely corresponding to PV+ and/or other inhibitory interneurons. The PNNs were themselves heterogeneous, consisting of lattice-like, weakly labeled, and diffuse subtypes, and showed some regional preference for the medial CLA. Conclusion: The abundant neuronal labeling by PNNs in the CLA suggests an important and nuanced role for inhibition, consistent with recent physiological studies of claustrocortical circuitry. For comparison, diversified inhibition in the reticular nucleus of the thalamus (a pan-inhibitory nucleus, with extensive cortical input) exerts a spectrum of control at different local and global spatiotemporal scales. Further investigation of PNN+ neurons in the macaque CLA offers a potentially important new approach to CLA function, relevant to the human brain both in normal and diseased conditions.","PeriodicalId":92763,"journal":{"name":"Claustrum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20023294.2018.1536104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47713529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Society for Claustrum Research 4th Annual Symposium: Brave New Claustrum 盆腔研究学会第四届年会:勇敢的新盆腔

Claustrum Pub Date : 2017-12-15 DOI: 10.1080/20023294.2017.1371906

引用次数: 0

Conference Proceedings: 3rd Annual Society for Claustrum Research Meeting 会议记录:第三届闭门研究年会

Claustrum Pub Date : 2017-09-14 DOI: 10.1080/20023294.2017.1349859

B. Mathur, D. Reser, Jared B. Smith

{"title":"Conference Proceedings: 3rd Annual Society for Claustrum Research Meeting","authors":"B. Mathur, D. Reser, Jared B. Smith","doi":"10.1080/20023294.2017.1349859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20023294.2017.1349859","url":null,"abstract":"EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Last year, the Society for Claustrum Research held its annual meeting in conjunction with The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, as part of The Salk’s celebration of the centenary of Francis Crick’s birth. Over 140 registrants took part in an exceptional program of talks and poster presentations presided over by Professor Terrence Sejnowski, the Francis Crick Chair and Head of the Computational Neurobiology Laboratory at the Salk Institute, and Professor Patricia Churchland, Presidential Chair of Philosophy at the University of California, San Diego. Presentations at this year’s conference were organized around the theme of ‘The Undiscovered Claustrum’, with the express intent of addressing Francis Crick’s challenging final question about pursuing research on the claustrum: ‘What could be more important, so why wait?’ [1]. The invited speakers addressed the issue of the undetermined function of the mammalian claustrum, using approaches and model systems which ranged from individual cell recordings to whole-brain imaging in awake human subjects. A key theme which has emerged from these studies is the potential role for the claustrum in selective attention and stimulus salience, as described in the summaries below.","PeriodicalId":92763,"journal":{"name":"Claustrum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20023294.2017.1349859","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42013786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Functional properties, topological organization and sexual dimorphism of claustrum neurons projecting to anterior cingulate cortex 投射到前扣带皮层的闭突神经元的功能特性、拓扑结构和性二态性

Claustrum Pub Date : 2017-08-23 DOI: 10.1080/20023294.2017.1357412

Zach Chia, G. Silberberg, G. Augustine

{"title":"Functional properties, topological organization and sexual dimorphism of claustrum neurons projecting to anterior cingulate cortex","authors":"Zach Chia, G. Silberberg, G. Augustine","doi":"10.1080/20023294.2017.1357412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20023294.2017.1357412","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective: To define the physiological properties of neurons projecting from the claustrum to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Design: To identify the claustrum in live slices, we used a transgenic mouse line that expresses yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-tagged Volvox channelrhodopsin-1 at high levels within the claustrum. Claustrum cells projecting to the ACC were identified by retrograde labelling. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from labelled claustrum neurons were used to characterize the intrinsic electrical properties of these neurons. Cells were classified according to their intrinsic electrical properties, based on a previous classification scheme. Results: Labelled neurons were found in the claustrum but not the insular cortex. Four types of ACC-projecting neurons were identified based on action potential adaptation and waveform: strongly adapting (SA) cell types 2, 3 and 4, and moderately adapting (MA) cell type 2. Labelled cells were predominantly SA4 in the anterior (44%) and posterior (63%) claustrum, while MA2 predominated (77%) in the central claustrum. The male anterior claustrum showed a bias toward SA3 cells (53%) while the female anterior claustrum showed a bias toward SA3 cells (76%). Conclusions: There is ipsilateral dominance for ACC-projecting claustrum neurons, with the intrinsic properties of these neurons varying along the anterior–posterior axis. Sexual dimorphism was observed in ACC-projecting claustrum cells. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the claustrum serves as a link between the insular cortex and the ACC.","PeriodicalId":92763,"journal":{"name":"Claustrum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20023294.2017.1357412","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43193348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Calretinin-immunoreactive neurons in the claustrum of the guinea pig 豚鼠屏状体calretinin免疫反应神经元

Claustrum Pub Date : 2017-02-22 DOI: 10.1080/20023294.2016.1273650

R. Druga, M. Salaj, L. Edelstein

{"title":"Calretinin-immunoreactive neurons in the claustrum of the guinea pig","authors":"R. Druga, M. Salaj, L. Edelstein","doi":"10.1080/20023294.2016.1273650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20023294.2016.1273650","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background: The claustrum is present in all mammalian species. Many aspects of its morphology and function remain subject to debate. It has been suggested that calcium-binding proteins influence neuronal activity in many structures. Objective: The aim was to examine CR immunoreactivity in the claustrum of guinea pigs and compare it with that in other mammals. Design: CR immunoreactivity in the claustrum was analyzed in five guinea pigs using immunohistochemical techniques. The distribution of CR-positive neurons in the dorsal claustrum and endopiriform nucleus (END), and their morphological characteristics were described. Results: CR immunostaining in the dorsal claustrum and END of the guinea pig consisted of CR-positive neurons, fibers, and puncta of varying labeling density. The majority of these neurons displayed small- or medium-sized round, oval, and multipolar cell bodies with aspiny dendrites. CR-ir neurons prevailed in the periphery of both divisions. The dorsal claustrum was seen to have a weakly CR-ir central core surrounded by a rim of moderately positive neuropil. Conclusion: CR immunoreactivity in the guinea pig claustrum was not as diffuse as in higher mammals, but non-uniformity was evident. CR-ir neurons are distributed in both the dorsal claustrum and END, mostly in the periphery.","PeriodicalId":92763,"journal":{"name":"Claustrum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20023294.2016.1273650","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43056323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Dr. Elizabeth Caroline Crosby – my memories 伊丽莎白·卡洛琳·克罗斯比医生，我的记忆

Claustrum Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.3402/CLA.V1.31831

J. Berke

引用次数: 0

From Sofia to Frankfurt and back: a most rewarding journey 从索非亚到法兰克福再返回:这是一次非常值得的旅程

Claustrum Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.3402/CLA.V1.32181

D. Hinova-Palova

引用次数: 0

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