Research ideas and outcomes最新文献

{"title":"Mapping the Digitisation Workflow in a University Herbarium","authors":"Karen M Thompson, J. Birch","doi":"10.3897/rio.9.e106883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.9.e106883","url":null,"abstract":"Specimens or objects in natural history collections hold substantial research and cultural value that is enhanced where these items are made digitally available. Benefits of digitisation include increasing open access to collection-based biodiversity data, increasing productivity of scientific research, enabling novel research applications of digitally accessible data, reducing preservation requirements through reduced object handling, and expanding potential for “remote curation” in collections. However, the time available for object and data digitisation is limited for most collections. Well documented digitisation workflows can ensure that curation time is efficiently applied to achieve digitisation outputs, and that digitisation standards are consistently applied within and among projects.\u0000 While this case study focused on the generation of digitisation workflows in a medium-sized Australian university-based herbarium, the findings of this study are relevant to collections globally. The curation workflows comprise a set of modular steps required for the digitisation of herbarium specimen data and images. Steps are clearly identified as requiring human-mediation versus those that can be automated, those that require on-site versus remote-access, and those that require transfer or transformation of data or files. This clarity enables consideration of the opportunities and challenges for increasing efficiencies for collection-based digitisation, data and file management. The maps provide a contextual framework for herbarium-based digitisation pathways for those who work with specimen-derived biodiversity data, and an insight into these tools for those who are not familiar with herbarium protocols.","PeriodicalId":92718,"journal":{"name":"Research ideas and outcomes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43225945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying genetic factors that increase cognitive reserve: A theoretical approach","authors":"Daniel Neidigk, Allie Linkous, R. Guttmann","doi":"10.3897/rio.9.e107939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.9.e107939","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have demonstrated that some individuals display pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but are not afflicted with cognitive decline. The ability to maintain cognitive function despite the presence of pathology is referred to as cognitive reserve. This project aims to identify the molecular pathways involved in cognitive reserve using Drosophila melanogaster (Drosophila) models of AD. Specifically, a theoretical approach using experimental evolution to drive a population of AD-like Drosophila carrying a tau mutation to develop cognitive reserve is proposed. To accomplish this, a population of AD-like Drosophila will be placed in a single population cage along with wild-type flies and forced to compete for food and water. The first generation of AD-like Drosophila will be generated using random mutagenesis of the initially isogenic AD-like fly. The selected tau mutant displays a rough eye condition which allows for easy distinction between tau mutant and wild-type flies. It is hypothesised that AD-like flies with cognitive decline will be unable to survive because their limited cognitive abilities will prevent them from effectively competing for food and water. In contrast, AD-like flies with mutations that promote cognitive reserve will be better capable of survival. After 90-99% of mutant flies have died, the surviving mutant flies will be back-crossed to the P1 mutant to maintain tau mutation stability. It is expected that artificial selection will result in the creation of a generation of tau mutant flies that demonstrate cognitive abilities comparable to those of wild-type flies despite maintaining an AD-like tau mutation. This approach will monitor the successful trajectory of the evolution of increased cognitive reserve through survival curve analysis and measures of cognition. A limitation of the method is that only a dominant mutation or series of dominant mutations would be identified using this approach.","PeriodicalId":92718,"journal":{"name":"Research ideas and outcomes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45926207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital transformation strategies for applied science domains","authors":"S. Bentum, D. Wild","doi":"10.3897/rio.9.e105197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.9.e105197","url":null,"abstract":"The key hallmark of a digitally minded organisation today is seen in their rapid advancement, globalisation, innovation and resilience to change. Companies that wish to thrive must be prepared to adapt to the new digital reality. Being digitally minded does not mean implementing new technology, investing in tools and upgrading current systems. These stages are critical, but they are not the entire picture. If a company wants to remain competitive, it must not just be able to adapt to changes, but also anticipate and drive innovation. Companies must plan ahead and be proactive architects of their future in order to achieve this vision. This is where a digital transformation strategy is crucial. A digital transformation strategy assists organisational leadership in addressing challenges about their business, such as the present level of digitisation and a digital maturity roadmap. Although diverse data capturing technologies and data-generating assets exist, material/chemical science domains, such as R&D and Manufacturing groups, struggle to harness the full power of their data. A typical industry will have significant data sources generating large amounts of data stored in siloed databases with minimal to non-existent cross-talk. This in part creates scenarios for researchers to be able to perform a deep dive in one set of data, but unable to co-populate and harness the interdependences or relationships amongst the different datasets. This paper seeks to define, distinguish, aggregate and propose an integrative approach to utilising the various types of disparate data sources commonly encountered by researchers in the field of their material science research. The main focus here is defining strategies to harness insights across integrative data to aid in efficient research in R&D organisations as these industries seek to embrace the power of digital transformation. Although the principles described here relate to industries in the applied science domain, the general strategies proposed can be applied to other industries on a case-by-case basis.","PeriodicalId":92718,"journal":{"name":"Research ideas and outcomes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49022254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral cooperation - Fostering the ability of native European beech and sessile oak forests in the border region against the impacts of climate change","authors":"Erik Szamosvári, L. Nagy, H. Konrad, N. Móricz, L. Weissenbacher, Anita Bálint, Anikó Neuvirthné Bilics, M. van Loo","doi":"10.3897/rio.9.e109816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.9.e109816","url":null,"abstract":"Adequate adaptions and actions to combat anthropogenic climate change (CC) are significant challenges of the 21st century. In Europe, according to the European Environmental Agency, warming of around 2°C is expected under the moderate climate scenario (RCP 4.5) by the end of the century, but the pessimistic RCP 8.5 scenario project an increase of up to 6°C. In addition to the rise in temperature, changes in precipitation and increased frequency of extreme weather events are predicted. New environmental conditions affect tree species and habitats differently; thus, forest biodiversity and local tree species compositions probably will be altered in many regions in the future. The effects may be manifold: some tree species may persist, locally adapt and migrate, while others may disappear from given regions and be replaced by native or non-native species. The native forests of the Austrian-Hungarian border region are particularly affected by the climate change. To mitigate the consequences of anthropogenic climate change to preserve forest biodiversity for future generations and to enable their use, deliberate and planned human interventions and actions are essential. These require transnational or even global efforts since nature and climate do not recognise man-made borders.\u0000 The REIN-Forest project (Interreg V-A Austria-Hungary Programme - ATHU150), a bilateral project between Austria and Hungary, aimed to establish harmonised protection measures for the conservation of native forests in Northern, Central and Southern Burgenland, Vienna, Vienna Umland-South, Lower Austria South, Graz and Eastern Styria, Győr-Moson-Sopron, Vas and Zala counties (the so-called programme area). In the scope of this project, international cooperation between three project partners: the Austrian Research Centre for Forests (BFW, Austria), the Forest Research Institute – University of Sopron (SOE ERTI, Hungary) and the Vas County Government Office (VVÖH, Hungary) was established. Previous results and outputs of the SUSTREE project (Interreg Central Europe CE614), such as: a) Transnational delineation model of conservation and forest seed transfer zones in climate change, b) Report of intraspecific response function and derivation of climate transfer limits, SusSelect data, recommendations and c) Application of the species distribution models for the delineation of seed transfer zones/models in Central Europe, were put into practice during the project, focusing on two native deciduous forest tree species of the Austrian-Hungarian border region: European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.).\u0000 During the REIN-Forest project, the following joint documents were prepared and several activities were implemented:\u0000 1. Model-based document on the current state and future perspectives of European beech and sessile oak forests;\u0000 2. Bilateral strategy for the transfer of forest reproductive material (FRM) and its use in the Austrian-Hungarian ","PeriodicalId":92718,"journal":{"name":"Research ideas and outcomes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48282883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The energy-rush and insulin model of obesity","authors":"Hangxing Jia","doi":"10.3897/rio.9.e108748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.9.e108748","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity has been a global health problem since the twentieth century. Despite the intensive research, there is no scientific consensus on the onset of obesity. The energy balance model (EBM) and the carbohydrate-insulin model (CIM) are two competing obesity theories, each with supporting and conflicting evidence. In this essay, I propose a new model, the energy-rush and insulin model (ERIM) which integrates not only the energy intake and expenditure, but also the food composition and digestibility, to explain how the high energy-rush and insulin secretion contribute to the development of obesity. The ERIM offers a novel framework to explain how obesity occurs and proposes new recommendations which may reverse the obesity epidemic in the future.","PeriodicalId":92718,"journal":{"name":"Research ideas and outcomes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45293169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Important first steps towards designing the freshwater, marine and terrestrial Essential Biodiversity Variable (EBV) workflows for the European Biodiversity Observation Network","authors":"Maria Lumbierres, W. Kissling","doi":"10.3897/rio.9.e109120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.9.e109120","url":null,"abstract":"The EuropaBON project aims to co-design a European Biodiversity Observation Network by utilising Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) as the foundation for its monitoring system. To co-design the workflow steps for each EBV, the project organised a virtual workshop to engage a diverse group of experts and stakeholders. The workshop focused on describing various workflow components, identifying future needs for EBV implementation and specifying the relative importance of different monitoring techniques for each EBV. With 520 participants from 49 countries, the workshop benefited from a large stakeholder engagement and a wide range of expertise across realms, EBV classes, monitoring techniques and workflow components. During the 3-day workshop (2 hours per day), participants captured different workflows components (i.e. data collection and sampling, data integration and modelling), specified current EU or national initiatives and identified emerging tools and future needs for all 70 currently proposed EBVs. By the end of the workshop, all 70 templates of EBV workflows contained details about workflow components and future needs. Specific future needs for data collection and sampling highlighted by participants were to increase sampling efforts (e.g. number of sites, geographic coverage, sampling frequency and taxonomic scope), to develop and better incorporate novel monitoring techniques (e.g. eDNA, remote sensing and digital sensors) and to create new or improved sampling designs at a European scale. For data integration, combining and harmonising data from diverse sources and data collectors and developing standards and protocols were mentioned as key needs. For modelling, participants especially highlighted the need to develop spatially-explicit models or improve other types of existing models, ideally with open-source software and code. Next steps for designing EBV workflows are to analyse the gathered workshop information, to provide detailed descriptions of EBV workflows and to formulate specific recommendations for the development of a European Biodiversity Observation Network. Recommendations for each monitoring technique (structured in-situ monitoring, citizen science, digital sensors, genetics, satellite remote sensing and aerial remote setting) will also be identified. The gathered information will contribute to the co-design of the European Biodiversity Observation Network and to supporting the establishment of a Biodiversity Monitoring Coordination Centre in Europe.","PeriodicalId":92718,"journal":{"name":"Research ideas and outcomes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47123330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing a Metascience Institute","authors":"D. Mietchen","doi":"10.3897/rio.9.e108804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.9.e108804","url":null,"abstract":"This proposal outlines an open, transparent and collaborative process to design a Metascience Institute that would apply the scientific method onto itself, with the mission to improve the research landscape systemically in terms of maximizing societal benefit and public documentation thereof. This facility is envisaged to engage in the systematic study of the research ecosystem, initially at a national level in Germany but later on also in other contexts. As such, the Metascience Institute would assess systemic properties, interactions of different components within and beyond the research system and how the roles played by various components are aligned with goals of relevant stakeholder groups and broader societal benefits. Collaborating with any interested stakeholders on an initially narrow yet steadily expanding range of intra- and transdisciplinary use cases and using an appropriate mix of experimental, theoretical, empirical and computational approaches, the Metascience Institute would assess existing and proposed policies and practices in the research ecosystem and engage in public discourse around them, including by assessing the relative costs, benefits and side effects of alternative parametrizations of the system. The project proposed here is to design the organizational structure of such a Metascience Institute in an evidence-based and community-led fashion, to seed it with organizational values, to establish it as an independent legal entity with open and transparent policies and practices, to provide it with an initial technical infrastructure online, to design evidence-based and sustainable mechanisms by which it prioritizes its activities, and to document the entire process in a way that would facilitate reuse and adaptation by other communities or entities aiming at evidence-based systemic improvements to the research ecosystem or selected niches within it.","PeriodicalId":92718,"journal":{"name":"Research ideas and outcomes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48089618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DiSSCo Prepare Project: Increasing the Implementation Readiness Levels of the European Research Infrastructure","authors":"D. Koureas, Laurence Livermore, Eva Alonso, W. Addink, Ana Casino","doi":"10.3897/rio.9.e107220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.9.e107220","url":null,"abstract":"The Distributed System of Scientific Collections (DiSSCo) is a new world-class Research Infrastructure (RI) for Natural Science Collections. The DiSSCo RI aims to create a new business model for one European collection that digitally unifies all European natural science assets under common access, curation, policies and practices that ensure that all the data is easily Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR principles). DiSSCo represents the largest ever formal agreement between natural history museums, botanic gardens and collection-holding institutions in the world.\u0000 DiSSCo entered the European Roadmap for Research Infrastructures in 2018 and launched its main preparatory phase project (DiSSCo Prepare) in 2020. DiSSCo Prepare is the primary vehicle through which DiSSCo reaches the overall maturity necessary for its construction and eventual operation. DiSSCo Prepare raises DiSSCo’s implementation readiness level (IRL) across the five dimensions: technical, scientific, data, organisational and financial. Each dimension of implementation readiness is separately addressed by specific Work Packages (WP) with distinct targets, actions and tasks that will deliver DiSSCo’s Construction Masterplan. This comprehensive and integrated Masterplan will be the product of the outputs of all of its content related tasks and will be the project’s final output. It will serve as the blueprint for construction of the DiSSCo RI, including establishing it as a legal entity.\u0000 DiSSCo Prepare builds on the successful completion of DiSSCo’s design study, ICEDIG and the outcomes of other DiSSCo-linked projects such as SYNTHESYS+ and MOBILISE.\u0000 This paper is an abridged version of the original DiSSCo Prepare grant proposal. It contains the overarching scientific case for DiSSCo Prepare, alongside a description of our major activities.","PeriodicalId":92718,"journal":{"name":"Research ideas and outcomes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43587763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participation as a research approach in academia: a converging field","authors":"M. Bessert-Nettelbeck, A. Bischof, Ulrike Sturm, E. Nagy, M. Schraudner, J. Backhaus, Till Bruckermann, Susanne Hecker, Justus Henke, K. Köpferl, Sabrina Kirschke, Christin Liedtke, Felix Mahr, Arne Maibaum, Audrey Podann, Wiebke Rössig, Martina Schäfer, C. Schröder, P. Schrögel, V. Shennan, Norbert Steinhaus, M. Stewart, Vanessa van den Bogaert, S. Voigt-Heucke","doi":"10.3897/rio.9.e105155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.9.e105155","url":null,"abstract":"Citizen science, transdisciplinary research, dialogic forms of science communication or public engagement: these and other research approaches and fields, often subsumed under participatory research, have in common that they enable people outside of academia to actively engage in the production of scientific knowledge. However, each of these fields sets its own goals, uses different formats and has a different scope and impact. The conference 'Opportunities and Limitations of Participation in Academia' held in September 2022 as part of the German Science Year 'Participate!' aimed to connect the various participation communities in Germany and to explore commonalities and success factors. Through intensive discussions in four working groups, a keynote speech and a panel discussion, the conference initiated an exchange of ideas and experiences amongst researchers in a converging field. This report is a summary of the key questions and outcomes of the conference.","PeriodicalId":92718,"journal":{"name":"Research ideas and outcomes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44092966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dataset for mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) from Gun Club Road, Key Largo, Monroe County, Florida, USA","authors":"Michael B Boehmler, D. Demay, A. Rogers, Heidi L Murray, L. Hribar","doi":"10.3897/rio.9.e99607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.9.e99607","url":null,"abstract":"The Florida Keys Mosquito Control District utilises dry ice-baited light traps to monitor mosquito populations on Key Largo, Florida. This paper describes the methodology of trapping, habitat description and dataset of adult mosquito populations from 18 years of weekly monitoring from a single site on Key Largo, Monroe County, Florida, USA.\u0000 This paper details a previously unreported dataset derived from trap collections made on Key Largo, Florida at a site designated as “Gun Club Road.”","PeriodicalId":92718,"journal":{"name":"Research ideas and outcomes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46430282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}