Journal of human virology & retrovirology最新文献

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus among Pregnant Women in Hodeidah city, Yemen","authors":"S. Alghalibi, Q. Abdullah, Saad Al-Arnoot, Assem Al-Thobhani","doi":"10.15406/jhvrv.2016.03.00106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jhvrv.2016.03.00106","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cytomegalovirus is an enveloped DNA virus from the Herpesviridae family. It is the most common cause of congenital infection. CMV is more widespread in developing countries and in communities with lower socioeconomic status. \u0000 Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of CMV infection and identify risk factors of CMV seropositivity. \u0000 Methods: The study was a cross-sectional, descriptive, and experimental, combining the use of a structured questionnaire and analysis of serum samples obtained from 384 healthy pregnant women during the period from April 2014 to April 2015. The serum samples were analyzed for IgG and IgM antibodies to CMV by Electro-Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (ECLIA). \u0000 Results: Of the 384 healthy pregnant women, 379 (98.7%) and 7 (1.8%) were seropositive for Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti- CMV antibodies, respectively. Evaluation of age specific subgroups indicated high CMV IgG seropositivity rate for all age group. There was no statistical significant factor detected between CMV positivity rate with any socio-demographical and obstetrical characteristic (P-value <0.05). \u0000 Conclusion: The seroprevalence of CMV antibodies among pregnant women in Hodeidah city, western Yemen is high (98.7%), this finding is similar to other results reported from developing countries.","PeriodicalId":92670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of human virology & retrovirology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67075601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sero-Epidemiology of HBsAg among Health Workers in a South-eastern Nigerian Health Center: Challenges in Diagnosis","authors":"N. Collins, I. Elizabeth, Nwamoh Uche","doi":"10.15406/JHVRV.2016.03.00105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JHVRV.2016.03.00105","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis B virus infection is a major public health problem of this age responsible for chronic infections, HBV-related liver disease or hepatocellular carcinoma. As a result of its mode of transmission (Sexual and Transfusion transmissible infection), HBV is an important occupational hazard to the general populace and in particular to health care providers. However, it is preventable by immunization. This study aimed at analyzing the sero-prevalence of HBsAg among health workers and possible risk factors of contamination. Blood samples from 275 consented health workers were tested for HBsAg using third generation ELISA. Data analysis was obtained using SPSS version 20. HBsAg screening was performed on a consecutive sample of 275 respondents (95 males and 180 females with M/F ratio of 1:1.9) aged 18-59 years who voluntarily turned up for the survey. Mean age ± SD was 36.1 ± 9.6 years. The overall prevalence of HBV was 1.5% (4/275). The prevalence in females 3/180 (1.7%) was insignificantly higher than males 1/95 (1.1%) (P>0.05). \u0000 \u0000 In relation to age group, the younger age group (< 20 years) has significantly higher prevalence (1/5 (20%) compared to other age groups (P=0.02). Blood transfusion and vaginal discharge (STD) were the highest predisposing factors to HBV infection with ORs of 5.9 and 4.2 respectively. This study, although limited by small sample size, showed a reduced prevalence of HBV among the health workers. The result from this study may not be a true reflection of the prevalence of HBV in south-eastern Nigeria, hence the need to involve larger population size in subsequent study. There is need to institute elaborated serological and virological diagnostic markers for the diagnosis of HBV infection in our health institutions. Also, targeted group health education and national guidelines for hepatitis B prevention and treatment must be provided by the Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria. These interventions will go a long way to curb the prevalence of HBV infection to the barest minimum.","PeriodicalId":92670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of human virology & retrovirology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67075587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposed Testing of KELEA Activated Drinking Water in Zika Virus Infected Pregnant Women","authors":"W. Martin","doi":"10.15406/JHVRV.2016.03.00104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JHVRV.2016.03.00104","url":null,"abstract":"Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: ACE: Alternative Cellular Energy; HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus; HSV: Herpes Simplex Virus; HZV: Herpes Zoster Virus; HPV: Human Papillomaviruses; KELEA: Kinetic Energy Limiting Electrostatic Attraction; SCMV: African Green Monkey Simian Cytomegalovirus; CPE: Cytopathic Effect; CTL: Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes; CAM: Complementary and Alternative Medicine; PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction","PeriodicalId":92670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of human virology & retrovirology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67076028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV-HCV Co-Infection among Multitransfused Thalassemic Individuals-A Review","authors":"A. Biswas, Debanjali Gupta, Monika Ghosh, Abira Datta, Nabyendu Gupta, R. Firdaus, P. Sadhukhan","doi":"10.15406/JHVRV.2016.03.00103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JHVRV.2016.03.00103","url":null,"abstract":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) are three most common chronic viral pathogens among multitransfused thalassemic major individuals. HCV and HIV consist of a positive single stranded RNA genome, whereas HBV is a partially double stranded DNA virus. These viruses have similar routes of transmission, namely through blood and blood products, sharing of needles for injecting drugs. Co-infections of HIV in HCV positive patients are associated with reduced survival and an increased risk of progression to severe liver diseases with higher susceptibility towards hepato-toxicity due to antiretroviral therapy [2]. Co-infection is therefore common in people with high exposure to blood and blood products. The primary concern with HIV/HCV co-infection is that it can lead to more severe liver diseases and an increased risk for progression to liver cancer especially to immunocompromised thalassemic patients [3]. There are reports related to HCV and HIV co-infection from different parts of India, but no such detailed study on HCV and HIV co-infection among thalassemic patients [4,5].","PeriodicalId":92670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of human virology & retrovirology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67076020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Challenges of Poliovirus Eradication","authors":"J. Yelle","doi":"10.15406/jhvrv.2016.03.00102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jhvrv.2016.03.00102","url":null,"abstract":"Following the successful efforts to wipe out the virus of Smallpox (Variola virus) that started in the 1950s and officially realized their goal in 19803, the World Health Organization (WHO) made a commitment in 1988 to eradicate Poliovirus and poliomyelitis and achieve a Polio-free world by 2000. This ambitious project proved to be much more challenging than initially anticipated. While many of its objectives have been met (including the effective eradication of one of Poliovirus antigenic types from human populations) and the virus has been eliminated from the vast majority of countries around the globe, there is still work to do to complete this mission. The remaining challenges are intimately associated to the very nature of the actors involved in this enduring game: the Poliovirus itself, the vaccines at hand, and the human factor. These are briefly reviewed here.","PeriodicalId":92670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of human virology & retrovirology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67075982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of HIV Status in 400 Cases of S.T.D in Shanti ID Clinic, Vadodara, Gujarat, India","authors":"N. K. Chopra","doi":"10.15406/JHVRV.2016.03.00101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JHVRV.2016.03.00101","url":null,"abstract":"The prospective study was carried out for detecting the prevalence of HIV in sexually transmitted diseases (S.T.D) cases at Shanti infectious diseases clinic at Vadodara, Gujarat, India from January 2010 to May 2013. Out of 400 cases of sexually transmitted diseases, 317 (79.23 %) were males and 83 cases (20.75%) were females. Screening of HIV test was done by Elisa test and was confirmed by Western blot test. Amongst 400 cases 300 cases (75.00%) were in age group of 20 to 50 years, 34 cases (8,55%) wer+++e of 0 to 20 years, 66 cases 916.25%) were above 50 years. Out of 400 cases 87 cases (21.75%) were syphilis, 45 cases(11.25%) were cancroid, 73 cases (18,25%) were gonorrhea, 110 cases (27.50%) were genital herpes, 11 cases (2.75%) moll –scum contagiosum 44 cases(11,00%)genital scabies, 9 cases (2.755) cytomegalovirus infection and 21 cases (5,24%) were having lympho-granuloma venerium. Out of 400 cases of sexually transmitted diseases, 67 cases (16.76%) were HIV positive, amongst which 61 cases (91.04%) were HIV1 and remaining 6 cases (8.96%) were HIV2. Although there is plausible link between STI and HIV risk, intervention studies continue to be disappointing. This does not disprove a causal link but mechanisms of action and the design and implementation of interventions need to be better understood.","PeriodicalId":92670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of human virology & retrovirology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67075969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunology in Zika Virus Infection and Disease","authors":"A. Cheepsattayakorn, R. Cheepsattayakorn","doi":"10.15406/JHVRV.2016.03.00100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JHVRV.2016.03.00100","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of human virology & retrovirology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67075442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological Profile and Laboratory Characteristics of Dengue Virus Infection during 2011 Outbreak in Rawalpindi, Islamabad Pakistan","authors":"M. Suleman, R. Faryal, Mian Muhammad Sufian, Y. Arshad","doi":"10.15406/JHVRV.2016.03.00099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JHVRV.2016.03.00099","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 215 serum samples of clinically suspected dengue patients who presented to the tertiary care hospitals over a period of July-November 2011 were analyzed for the detection of dengue NS1 antigen, dengue IgM and IgG antibodies and 180 (83.7%) samples were found positive by one or more than one testing parameters. Of the 180 samples, 98 (54.4%) were positive to NS1, 168 (93.3%) were positive to IgM and 93 (51.6%) cases were positive to IgG only. Similarly, 93 (51.6%) were positive to both NS1 and IgM, 48 (26.6%) to NS1 and IgG, and 83 (46.1%) were positive to both IgM and IgG and 48(26%) were positive for NS1, IgM and IgG. \u0000 \u0000 A randomly selected subset of 50 serology positive samples were tested by, one step TaqMan real time fourplex RT-PCR assay. A total of 35/50 (70%) samples were found positive by PCR. Positive rates of dengue serotypes were 15/35 (42.8%), 11/35 (31.4%) and 9/35 (25.7%) for DENV-1, DENV-2 and DENV-3 respectively. No DENV-4 serotype was detected.","PeriodicalId":92670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of human virology & retrovirology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67075429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Changes in Influenza a Virus Genes Responsible for Formation of Drug Resistance Phenotype","authors":"K. Ilya, Zubenko Natalya, Shilov Sergey, Shvidko Sergey, Toxanbayev Ramazan","doi":"10.15406/JHVRV.2016.03.00098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JHVRV.2016.03.00098","url":null,"abstract":"Here we present the results of adaptation and analysis of genetic changes of influenza strains A/FPV/Waybrige/78 (H7N7) and A/Swine/Iowa/30 (H1N1) to blockers of ion channels (Remantadin®) and neuraminidase inhibitor (Tamiflu®). From 6 to 10 times increase in the IC50 value of Tamiflu for FPV_RTam and Sw_RTam compared with wild-type variants was shown. The IC50 value was increased by 10 to 33 times for Remantadin-resistant mutants. The substitutions S31N and A30T were shown in the M2 protein structure of mutants FPV_RRim and Sw_RRim respectively. The mutations like H274Y in the structure of neuraminidase which are responsible for resistance to Tamiflu, in the mutants FPV_RTam and Sw_RTam was not revealed. But, in the structure of the M1 protein amino acid sequence of these mutants, an unexpected substitution at position 207 was recorded. To study the problems of formation of drug-resistant viruses and find the ways to overcome the resistance, the experiments were carried out on the adaptation of influenza virus strains to high concentrations of antiviral drugs.","PeriodicalId":92670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of human virology & retrovirology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67075383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the Alternative Cellular Energy (ACE) Pathway in the Prevention of Zika Virus Induced Illness","authors":"W. Martin","doi":"10.15406/JHVRV.2016.03.00097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JHVRV.2016.03.00097","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of human virology & retrovirology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67075374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}