Journal of endocrinology and thyroid research最新文献

{"title":"Partial Nasopharyngeal Stenosis: Presentation of an Unusual Case","authors":"C. Bibi","doi":"10.19080/jetr.2021.06.555688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/jetr.2021.06.555688","url":null,"abstract":"We herein report a rare case of a forty-one-year-old male that reported to Rehman Medical institute, Peshawar, Pakistan on 20th March 2021 with partial nasopharyngeal stenosis after undergoing Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery complex and Uvelopalatopharyngoplasty two months ago. As a result of this procedure, he developed scar tissue due to which there was a regurgitation of fluids from his nostrils and difficulty breathing. He underwent surgical intervention where dense, thick, fibrotic tissues were extracted, edges were freshened, and a large passage was created between the oropharynx and the nasopharynx.","PeriodicalId":92667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endocrinology and thyroid research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47284508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progesterone Receptor Antagonists – A Novel Treatment for Severe Hyponatremia from the Endocrine Paraneoplastic Syndrome","authors":"J. Check, D. Check, M. Dougherty","doi":"10.30564/JER.V3I2.3611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/JER.V3I2.3611","url":null,"abstract":"Hyponatremia related to ectopic secretion of cancer cells of argininevasopressin (AVP) or atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is most commonlycaused by small cell lung cancer. The ideal treatment would be one thatnot only corrects the hyponatremia, especially if it is life threatening, butat the same time causes regression of the cancer, and thus improves bothquality and length of life. As one is waiting for chemotherapy, surgery,or radiotherapy to decrease the cancer burden, tolvaptan has been usedto correct the hyponatremia to improve symptoms or prevent death.Mifepristone, a progesterone receptor modulator/antagonist has been usedto treat various cancers. The oral 200mg tablet was given to an 80-year-oldwoman who developed sudden extensive lung cancer with a serum sodiumof 118 mmol/L. She refused chemotherapy but agreed to take mifepristone.The hyponatremia was completely corrected (145 mmol/L) within onemonth of treatment. She was in complete remission for 5 years and diednot from lung cancer, but an acute myocardial infarction. Mifepristonemay serve the purpose to not only quickly correct hyponatremia when itis related to an endocrine paraneoplastic syndrome, but also to provideimproved quality and length of life.","PeriodicalId":92667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endocrinology and thyroid research","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79490436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Update on Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease & Nonalcoholic Steatohepapititis is the Time Ripe for Achieving Resolution of NAFLD & NASH Soon","authors":"K. Kaur, G. Allahbadia, M. Singh","doi":"10.30564/JER.V3I2.3580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/JER.V3I2.3580","url":null,"abstract":"We earlier reviewed how obesity has assumed an endemic/pandemicproportions that has resulted in escalating incidence and prevalence ofassociated escalating worldwide incidence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS)with non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), that is correlated withenhanced morbidity. Later we tried to detail how probiotics, L-Carnitine(LC), Nicotinamide Ribose (NR) Combination, along with Apical SodiumDependent Bile Acids Transporter (ASBT) or Volixibat and Silybin,Vitamin D, Allyl Isothiocyanate (AITC), might aid in treating andunderstand the etiopathogenesis of NAFLD. The prevalence of NAFLDall over the world is approximately 25%, with that of non alcoholicsteatohepapititis (NASH), varying from 1.5%=6.45%. Particularly NASH,specifically the ones associated with fibrosis possess a greater chance ofgeneration of side effects that include progression to cirrhosis as well asliver-associated mortality. Despite an improvement was observed withvitamin E, Pioglitazone. liraglutide in histological appearance in liverrandomized controlled clinical trials (RCT), at present no drugs existsthat have received FDI approval for NASH. The aim of this review wasto update the newer drugs getting evaluated, undergoing phase 2-3 trials.Currently there are Obeticholic acid, elafibranor, cenicriviroc, resmetriom,in addition to aramchol, that are the five agents that are getting analysedin big, histology dependent phase 3 trials. Hopefully within another 2-4years, newer, efficacious drugs will be available for the therapy of NASH.Besides that a lot of phase 2 trials are continuing for different drugs.Further depending on outcomes of phase 2-3 trials, combination treatmentsare getting evaluated. For future therapeutic approaches would be madeup of variations in NASH phenotypes, besides personalized approachesbased on various NASH phenotypes in addition to response of every singlepatient. Further recently there were reports of utilization of curcumin withnonselective beta blocker for regression from cirrhosis (reviewed by us).Hopefully once there are approved therapies for NAFLD/NASH, we canwork in that direction.","PeriodicalId":92667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endocrinology and thyroid research","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84635321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association of Non Viral Liver Diseases from NAFLD to NASH to HCC with the Pandemic of Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, or Diabesity & Metabolic Syndrome Etiopathogenetic Correlation along with Utilization for Diagnostic & Therapeutic Purposes-A Systematic Review","authors":"K. Kaur, G. Allahbadia, M. Singh","doi":"10.30564/JER.V3I2.3520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/JER.V3I2.3520","url":null,"abstract":"Earlier we have been reviewing the etiopathogenesis (EP) of obesity, type2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM), Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), Non Alcoholic Fatty Acid Liver Disease (NAFLD) non alcoholic steatohepapititis (NASH), along with its propagation to Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in addition to their therapies exhaustively. T2DM continues to be a major health issue with reaching epidemic to pandemic proportions. Liver disease includes a spectrum of liver injury varying from isolated steatosis known as Non Alcoholic Fatty Acid Liver Disease (NAFLD) to HCC. Clinically it has been observed that the coexistence of NAFLD as well as T2DM is prevalent. T2DM aids in the biological events that results in escalation of robustness of NAFLD that constitutes the primary etiology of chronic liver diseases. In the past 2 decades the incidence of nonviral NAFLD/NASH, obtained HCC has been escalating at a fast pace. In view of no appropriate agents for therapy of NAFLD/NASH, a thiazolidenedione group of drug pioglitazone used for T2DM therapy is utilized occasionally.Thus here we conducted a systematic review utilizing search engine pubmed, google scholar; web of science; embase; Cochrane review libraryutilizingtheMeSHterms like T2DM; MetS; NAFLD; NASH; HCC;WAT; BAT; VisceralAT; Obesity; BMI; Adipocytokines; adiponectin;leptin; resistin; visfatin; irisin; Hepatokines; angiopoietin like protein 2; hepatosscin; retinol binding protein 4; treatment like pioglitazone;liraglutide; elafibranor CVC (cerviciroc); obeticholic acid; aramchol;selonosertib; simtuzumab; Oxidative stress(OS); insulin resistance (IR) from 1980’s to 2021 till date. We found a total of 1050 articles out of which we selected 236 articles for this review. No meta-analysis was done. Hence diagnosis avoidance in addition to treatment of the generation as well as propagation of NAFLD/NASH are significant areas needing tackling. Thus here we have summarized the EP of NAFLD/NASH, as well as NAFLD/NASH, obtained HCC along with the present advantageous therapies under trial,for NAFLD/NASH. Moreover how adipocyte obtained adipokines along with liver obtained hepatokines might work as both diagnostic in addition to therapeutic targets from NAFLD to HCC.","PeriodicalId":92667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endocrinology and thyroid research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79997434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary C-peptide Creatinine Ratio and Its Correlation with Parameters of Metabolic Syndrome","authors":"Manoj Gedam, D. Sarma, B. Choudhury","doi":"10.30564/JER.V3I2.3451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/JER.V3I2.3451","url":null,"abstract":"To assess the correlation between urinary C peptide creatinine ratio with serum C peptide, serum insulin and its correlation with clinical and biochemical parameters of metabolic syndrome. A total of 100 subjects more than 18 years of age with metabolic syndrome according to ATP III criteria with 100 controls were included in a prospective observational study for a period of 1.5 years. Individual parameters of metabolic syndrome was higher in females with hypertriglyceridemia was most common and hyperglycaemia least common parameter of metabolic syndrome. Fasting urinary C peptide creatinine ratio and Stimulated urinary C peptide correlate significantly with fasting serum C peptide (p<0.01),stimulated serum C peptide (p<0.01), serum fasting insulin (p<0.01) and HOMA IR (p<0.01). A fasting urinary C peptide creatinine ratio of more than 1.8 nmol/mmol, stimulated urinary C peptide creatinine ratio more than 2.8 nmol/mmol and HOMA IR >2.7 can be used as a parameter to distinguish individual with and without metabolic syndrome. Urinary C peptide creatinine ratio correlate with serum C peptide and parameters of metabolic syndrome and can be used as a non-invasive simple tool to assess insulin resistance and also to distinguish patients with and without metabolic syndrome.","PeriodicalId":92667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endocrinology and thyroid research","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82400336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-surgery Quality of Life in Patients with Acromegaly Using SF36 Quality of Life Questionnaire-prospective Study","authors":"Manoj Gedam, D. Sarma","doi":"10.30564/JER.V3I2.3531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/JER.V3I2.3531","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Acromegaly is chronic progressive disease with multisystem involvement characterised by an excess secretion of growth hormone and increased circulating insulin like growth factor 1 concentration.Aims and Objectives: To assess surgical outcome of acromegaly patients at tertiary care institute using SF 36 quality of life questionnaire. SF-36 scores comprise 3 components: the physical component summary (PCS), the mental component summary (MCS) and role-social component summary (RCS).30 acromegaly patients admitted in Guwahati medical college were enrolled in study and followed up post operatively for surgical remission. All participants completed the SF-36 preoperatively, 1 year and 2 years postoperatively.Material and Method: Out of 30 patients 6 patients had surgical remission post operatively on the basis of postoperative glucose suppressed GH Level done after 12 weeks. Preoperatively subscale scores (physical functioning, role physical, general health) which were below the set standards for the normal population show significant postoperative improvements along with mental health (MH) scores. Similarly, PCS, MCS and RCS scores changed significantly after surgery. We also compared the QOL of 6 patients whose peak GH level was < 0.4 µg/L during postoperative oral glucose tolerance testing with those patients whose nadir GH level was ≥ 0.4 µg/L. There was significant difference between partial and complete remission group in subscale score role physical, social function and mental health. Similarly, PCS and RCS score significantly different in partial and complete remission group than MCS score.Conclusions: QOL is considerably reduced in patients with acromegaly compared to general population which improves significantly after surgical treatment. Patients achieving the new remission criteria had significant improvement in physical and social components than those who did not.","PeriodicalId":92667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endocrinology and thyroid research","volume":"4 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76059701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Particularities of Graves’ Disease in Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"E. Rusu","doi":"10.19080/jetr.2021.06.555683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/jetr.2021.06.555683","url":null,"abstract":"Graves’ disease and diabetes mellitus (DM) are frequently associated pathologies. The excess of thyroid hormones influences the carbohydrate homeostasis through their action on several organs, leading to alteration of glycemic control and acute hyperglycemic complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, a severe pre-existing metabolic imbalance can mask a life-threatening thyroid crisis, by lowering the thyroid hormones levels, especially triiodothyronine (T3). The prevalence of Graves’ disease is higher in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Besides the impact on the glycemic control, Graves’ disease has a high cardiovascular risk, in addition to DM. This is why the thyroid dysfunction screening is so important in patients with DM. These two endocrinopathies may be clinically similar, according to the overlapping signs and symptoms at the start which may cause differential diagnosis problems. Graves’ ophthalmopathy is one of the most specific clinical manifestation of Grave’s disease, being frequently associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Its severity seems to be closely related to obesity, duration of diabetes, micro and macrovascular complications of diabetes and some types of oral hypoglycemic agents. Oral hypoglycemic agents also influence the thyroid function. Biguanides belong to the most studied therapeutic class. It is very important monitoring the blood glucose until the thyroid function gets normal by antithyroid agents, as well as the thyroid hormones in case of severe glycemic imbalance. Special attention must be paid to the type of treatment we use and its impact on metabolic and hormonal balance.","PeriodicalId":92667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endocrinology and thyroid research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45224581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Care Innovations: Integration of Flash Glucose Monitoring in the Transition of Care from Inpatient to Outpatient","authors":"Alyson K. Myers","doi":"10.19080/jetr.2021.06.555682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/jetr.2021.06.555682","url":null,"abstract":"In 2020, the United States had an increase in hospitalizations due to SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Many of these patients also had co-morbid diabetes. In order to minimize patient –provider contact the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted emergency approval for inpatient use of continuous glucose monitors (CGM). Implementing the use of new technology during a pandemic does not come without challenges, as a result it was deferred to time of discharge. In this piece we address the patient, nursing and provider benefits and pitfalls of integrating CGM in patient care for persons with diabetes who have never used CGM technology in the past.","PeriodicalId":92667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endocrinology and thyroid research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68373342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thyroid Function in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke","authors":"K. Broczek","doi":"10.19080/jetr.2021.06.555680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/jetr.2021.06.555680","url":null,"abstract":"Stroke is one of the major manifestations of cardiovascular diseases and a leading cause of long-term disability in older adults. Thyroid disfunction, as the most common endocrine disorder, may influence stroke risk and prognosis in multiple and complex ways. The aim of the study was to assess thyroid function in patients hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke. Thyroid hormone profile was evaluated in 50 consecutive patients hospitalized with ischemic stroke. A majority of patients had normal values of TSH, fT3 and fT4, but in 8 (16%) patients, the serum level of thyroid hormones was out of the reference range indicating the need for further assessment. Stroke, as an acute and often severe disease, requires multidisciplinary care and thyroid function assessment may be helpful in the overall plan of treatment.","PeriodicalId":92667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endocrinology and thyroid research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42330904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levothyroxine Sodium – An Overview of Challenges Related to Interchangeability and Stability of Different Formulations","authors":"R. Agu","doi":"10.19080/JETR.2021.06.555679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/JETR.2021.06.555679","url":null,"abstract":"Since the early 1950s, oral levothyroxine sodium (L-T4) has been the primary form of treatment for hypothyroidism. There are currently several brands and generic options available to patients, some of which are considered bioequivalent. In the last two decades, however, several reports have shown loss of therapeutic control in patients after switching to a different, albeit bioequivalent, L-T4 product. Such observations can partly be explained by L-T4’s narrow therapeutic index, which means small changes in the dose can lead to therapeutic failure or adverse events. Thyroxine (T4) is also a labile compound and several products have been recalled due to stability or potency issues. These recalls have led regulatory agencies, such as the FDA, to revise the methods used to determine bioequivalence. Notwithstanding, several professional organizations have suggested that the current methods of determining bioequivalence are inadequate for establishing the therapeutic equivalence of levothyroxine sodium products. In addition to bioequivalence concerns, L-T4 tablets have been subject to several recalls due to stability and potency issues. This article examines how formulation properties, excipients, and tablet handling practices can influence the stability of L-T4 tablets. In addition, it provides a summary of L-T4 interchangeability in North America and provides an overview of L-T4 tablets recalls due to sub potency. Finally, it explores some of the challenges with the current method of establishing bioequivalence and discusses some of the risks associated with unintended dose changes of levothyroxine sodium.","PeriodicalId":92667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endocrinology and thyroid research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42191825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}