American journal of environmental engineering最新文献

{"title":"Limnology of Three Ponds in Chittagong University Campus, Bangladesh","authors":"M. Islam, M. Azadi, M. Nasiruddin, Md. Safiqul Islam","doi":"10.5923/j.ajee.20201002.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ajee.20201002.01","url":null,"abstract":"Physicochemical characteristics of any water body should be well known before using its water for different domestic purposes and also for different management needs. In Bangladesh, pond water is generally used by the middle to low income classes’ peoples for various purposes ignoring its quality. This study was conducted on monthly basis for two years, from January 2017 to December 2018 to find out the limnological qualities of water of three different types of ponds used by local inhabitants at Chittagong University Campus. The results of twelve limnological parameters were: air temperature (20.1-33°C), water temperature (18-33°C), transparency (14-85 cm), conductivity (22-423 μS/cm), total dissolved solids (TDS: 0-230 mg/l), pH (6.1-8.4), dissolved oxygen (DO: 0.9-16.5 mg/l), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD: 0.8-12.3 mg/l), free carbon dioxide (freeCO2: 2-26.97 mg/l), calcium (Ca++: 1.72-32.68 mg/l), total hardness (4-110 mg/l) and alkalinity (40-98 mg/l). Over use and dumping of household wastes disrupted the normal limnological features of Pond 1, in comparison with other two less (Pond 2) and almost unused (Pond 3) ponds. Extensive use by inhabitants and also physical structure of ponds were found to be responsible for variation and differences among some physicochemical properties of water. Among the three ponds, Pond 1 was found to be extensively used for household uses, than Pond 2 and Pond 3, and thus detected as high, less and not contaminated respectively. Significant direct or inverse correlations were observed among most of the factors.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49054953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Dungeness River Functionality and Effectiveness of Best Management Practices (BMPs) Using an Ecological Functional Approach.","authors":"Eric S Hall,&nbsp;Robert K Hall,&nbsp;Sherman Swanson,&nbsp;Wilson Yee,&nbsp;Don Kozlowski,&nbsp;Michael J Philbin,&nbsp;Daniel T Heggem,&nbsp;John Lin,&nbsp;Joan L Aron,&nbsp;Robin J Schafer,&nbsp;David Guiliano,&nbsp;Eric Wilson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effective stream and wetland Best Management Practices (BMPs) restore the physical processes associated with ecological functions to their Proper Functioning Condition (PFC, i.e., the highest attainable ecological status of a riparian area without consideration of economic, administrative, or social constraints). Ecological functions connect stream monitoring and management to mitigate the causes of ecosystem degradation and enhance restoration. The ecological function approach supports sustainable management of many ecosystem services including water quality, water stability (aquifer recharge), and fish and wildlife habitats. The 1993 Forest Ecosystem Management Assessment Team (FEMAT) report listed the Dungeness River as a Tier 1 key watershed, noted that watersheds are the logical spatial unit for ecosystem management, and that watersheds are important in species management, and understanding the interdependence of physical processes. Watersheds are at the spatial scale where physical and biological disturbances can be observed, and where management constraints and planning options for restoration objectives and strategies can be readily assessed. The US Forest Service (USFS) developed a management strategy for the Middle Dungeness River, and in the 1990s, the Upper Dungeness River was listed as impaired due to sediment, which initiated a US Forest Service change to land management practices. The Lower Dungeness River and bay are listed as impaired due to fecal coliform contamination. Assessing and monitoring the drivers of ecosystem function (vegetation, hydrology, soil, and landform) as part of a watershed adaptive management plan, and implementing BMPs to increase ecological functions, will improve aquatic habitat and water quality. Most BMPs, such as Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs), attempt to improve water quality by reducing the amount of external pollutants reaching the impacted waterbodies, but do not focus on improving the watershed functions. The Proper Functioning Condition (PFC) approach is used to examine the condition of wetlands and streams and provide guidance for quantitative approaches (e.g., TMDL, remote sensing) used in watershed restoration. Improving watershed functions is a BMP that facilitates increased flows of water, nutrients, sediment, and other materials, and improves habitat quality. Using improved watershed functions as a BMP, facilitated by the use of remote sensing, TMDLs, and the PFC methodology is a more effective means of reducing risks across a watershed than by using TMDLs alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"9 2","pages":"36-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7377254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38188118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical and Mechanical Characterization of Copaifera sp. Wood Specie","authors":"V. Aquino, Viliam Cardoso da Silveira, G. Degrazia, D. Buske, S. Rolim","doi":"10.5923/j.ajee.20180802.03.html","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ajee.20180802.03.html","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is evaluating the behaviour of the pollutant plume in the region where the INEL (USA) experiment was released. The INEL diffusion experiment consists of a test series that was accomplished in a flat and uniform terrain under stable low wind atmospheric conditions. Thusly, accounting for the current understanding of the stable planetary boundary layer (PBL) turbulence pattern and characteristics (stable eddy diffusivities), a modelling system consisting of the WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) and LES-PALM (Large-Eddy Simulation-Parallelized) model is employed to describe the dispersive effects associated with the wind meandering movements. The potential temperature profiles and heat fluxes generated by the WRF model will be used as initial conditions to the LES-PALM model. PALM is referred as a model to Large Eddy Simulation (LES) to atmospheric and oceanic fluxes that is destined to parallel computer architectures. The horizontal wind meandering generated by LES-PALM model will be used as initial conditions to the dispersion model based in the 3D-GILTT (3D Generalized Integral Laplace Transform Technique) technique that analytically solves the advection-diffusion equation. This technique of the integral transform combines a series expansion with an integration. In the expansion a trigonometric base, determined from the Sturm-Liouville auxiliary problem, is employed. The integration is made in all range of the transformed variable, making use of the orthogonality property of the base used in the expansion. The resultant ordinary differential equations system is analytically solved using the Laplace transform and diagonalization. The simulation results, generated from this modelling system are show to agree with the observed ground-level centreline concentrations of INEL experiments and also with those of other atmospheric dispersion models. The present study shows that the horizontal wind field provided by the coupling of two meteorological models (WRF and LES-PALM) can be used in a Eulerian diffusion model to properly simulate meandering enhanced dispersion of contaminants in a low wind speed stable PBL.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":"36-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47528438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Decision Support Tool for Sustainable Land Use, Transportation, Buildings/Infrastructure, and Materials Management.","authors":"Eric S Hall","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One issue for community groups, local and regional planners, and politicians, is that they require relevant information to develop programs and initiatives for incorporating sustainability principles into their physical infrastructure, operations, and decision-making processes. This research project addressed the issue through two research questions. The <i>first research question</i> that this project was designed to address, which was greatly influenced by the vast number of references in the sustainability literature, was an ontological one, \" <b><i>what are the major categories that sustainability decisions can be grouped under, and how might those categories be related?</i></b> \". The <i>second research question</i> that this project answered was, \" <b><i>how can information contained in the sustainability literature be made accessible to users in a convenient format?</i></b> \". The Multi-Sector Sustainability Browser (<b>MSSB)</b> is a decision support tool (<b>DST</b>) designed to synthesize and summarize research in four sustainability decision domains, Land Use, Buildings and Infrastructure, Transportation, and Materials Management in a manner that provides easy and rapid access to information for use in planning and decision making. Weblinks are provided to reference documents and resources from the four sustainability decision domains, allowing users to download relevant documents and extract information in support of sustainability decisions and related program initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"27 2","pages":"35-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6490686/pdf/nihms-983363.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37206826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Souq Waqif Heritage Site in Doha: Spatial Form and Livability","authors":"R. Furlan, L. Faggion","doi":"10.5923/J.AJEE.20150505.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJEE.20150505.03","url":null,"abstract":"(Purpose) The aim of this paper is to examine how and the extent to which the urban form of the heritage site of the Souq Waqif in Doha (1) encourages the formation of enhanced levels of social and community engagement (i.e., social life) and (2) can be further implemented in order to enhance social interactions. (Methodology) The study investigates the relationship between the Souq Waqif’s settlement and users’ levels of social interactions. In order to provide an answer to the main questions, in this study the author explores and analyzes (A) the form of the urban fabric of the heritage site and (B) the social activities performed by the users within the settlement. Data is obtained from visual material, users’ interviews and survey that explore and reveal how and the extent to which the form of the urban fabric of the Souq Waqif’s settlement is the arena of social activities and therefore contribute to enhance the social life of citizens. (Findings) (1) The analysis indicates that, compared with car-oriented suburbs, the walkable, pedestrian oriented and mixed-use heritage site of the Souq Waqif encourage people to be socially engaged and enhance higher level of social life: the settlement is the arena where intentional or accidental interactions occur, encouraging a sense of trust and of connection between people and the places they live. (2) Furthermore, the study allows understanding how built forms of the Souq Waqif should be implemented in order to facilitate social interactions.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":"146-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71250576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On a Model for Pollutant Dispersion in the Atmosphere with Partially Reflective Boundary Conditions and Data Simulation Using CALPUFF","authors":"Jaqueline Fischer Loeck, J. Schramm, B. Bodmann","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-16727-5_32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16727-5_32","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"25 3","pages":"112-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51004899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Development of Vital Precincts in Doha: Urban Regeneration and Socio-Cultural Factors","authors":"R. Furlan, L. Faggion","doi":"10.5923/J.AJEE.20150504.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJEE.20150504.04","url":null,"abstract":"Through the past few decades, Doha, the capital of the State of Qatar, has experienced an extraordinary economic growth and transformation of its built environment. This has been caused by post-WWII oil and natural gas production, which has transformed the economy of Qatar from fishing and pearling based to a differentiated economy. The State of Qatar is currently investing large funds into the transformation of Doha’s built environment and the development of new major urban public transit networks (i.e. the Doha Metro, the Lusail light rail transit (LRT) and a bus rapid transit (BRT)). Authorities are committed to have the new transport systems operational before the 2022 FIFA World cup competition. This paper discusses the key factors and/or challenges to be studied and considered for integrating Doha metro transport system with land use. Namely it is argued that the key factors for the design and planning of successful, functional and economically vital precincts developed in the proximity of the new Doha Metro stations are related to tangible or financial-economic aspects, as well as intangible or socio-cultural aspects.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"53 1","pages":"120-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71250704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Oilseeds for Biodiesel Production","authors":"C. D. S. C. D. Luz, F. Mainier, L. P. C. Monteiro","doi":"10.5923/j.ajee.20150502.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ajee.20150502.03","url":null,"abstract":"Biofuels are less polluting alternatives because they are not fossil fuels. In Brazil, the biodiesel program aims to incorporate raw vegetable material into conventional diesel oil (2 to 5%) or even replace it entirely as a fuel for adapted diesel engines. As Brazil is one of the largest producers of soybeans in the world, soybeans are the oleaginous plant most used for biodiesel production in Brazil, even if they don’t constitute the best option in relation to the yield of oil produced. The oil content of soybeans is about 19%, while canola and sunflower feature, respectively, 38 and 42% oil. The productivity of oil (in terms of kg/ha) of both canola and sunflower also surpasses soybeans. In addition to the three already mentioned oils (canola, sunflower and soya), coconut and corn oils were studied, totaling five oils. Transesterification was used with ethanol via basic catalysis using sodium hydroxide catalyst. The reaction time was 30 minutes, with the original oils heated to 50C; however, the reactions were carried out at room temperature. The synthesis with coconut oil had the lowest yield; the others (canola, sunflower, maize and soya) achieved yields on the order of 70%.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":"47-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71250538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment in the Pulp and Paper Industry: A Review","authors":"Laura Covinich, D. Bengoechea, R. Fenoglio, M. C. Area","doi":"10.5923/J.AJEE.20140403.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJEE.20140403.03","url":null,"abstract":"The effluents of some pulp and paper processes are potentially pollutant, because of their large volume and their refractory nature. Biological processes generally are not capable to remove these compounds. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) are characterized by the capability of exploiting the high reactivity of HOradicals. AOP can produce a total mineralization, transforming recalcitrant compounds into inorganic substances (CO2 and H2O2), or partial mineralization, transforming them into more biodegradable substances. The high reactivity and low selectivity of these radicals are useful attributes that that make these processes in promising technologies. Due to the differences between pulping processes, the effluents from the various processes and operations of such industries also differ from each other, so that some oxidative processes should be combined to improve the removal efficiency. For the effective oxidation of refractory organic compounds, hydroxyl radicals should be generated continuously in situ due to its chemical instability. Generation of HOis commonly accelerated by combining oxidizing agents. Among these treatments, UV radiation plus hydrogen peroxide (UV/H2O2), Fenton's reagent (H2O2/Fe +2 ), photo-Fenton (UV/H2O2/Fe +2 ), and ozone in different combinations (O3/UV; O3/H2O2) are considered to be effective for the oxidation of effluents from pulp and paper industries.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"56-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71250411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposal for Reducing Emissions of SO x in Cement Plants","authors":"B. A. D. Santos, Anderson Souza Silva, Edilson Vieira Santos Júnior, L. P. C. Monteiro, F. Mainier","doi":"10.5923/j.ajee.20140406.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ajee.20140406.01","url":null,"abstract":"In the cement industry, emissions of sulfur oxides, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water are inherent in the manufacturing process. However, there are limits to the amount of SOx and NOx emissions; the inhalation of such substances entails risks to human health, and their interaction with the atmosphere results in the formation of sulfuric acid and nitric acid, causing acid rain. These emission limits are even more severe when there is co-processing in the production process. SOx emissions can be formed by burning fuel, but they can also be present in the raw materials used. The presence of sulfur-based compounds in the raw materials has a great impact on the cement industry, owing to the large amount of limestone used in the process, especially when the deposits have a high content of pyrite (FeS2). One of the barriers encountered in the process of environmental licensing for co-processing is the high level of SOx emissions. To decrease these emissions and to enable co-processing in a cement industry, tests were performed, using abatement with lime (CaO). By varying the conditions of the manufacturing process, it was possible to obtain a reduction of up to 90% of the SOx emissions. With the implementation of this technique, SOx emissions reached values that met the legal limits, which could enable the start of co-processing in the industry.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"143-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71250461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}