American journal of environmental engineering最新文献

{"title":"Application of Anticorrosive Techniques Compatible with the Environment to Engineering Education","authors":"F. Mainier, F. R. Leta, F. F. Feliciano","doi":"10.5923/j.ajee.20140406.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ajee.20140406.06","url":null,"abstract":"The media has shown the major problems caused by pipeline leaks; however, the contamination caused by storage tanks of fuel and chemicals is not always shown to the general public, especially when the holes are located on the bottom of the tank. Most of the time the groundwater contamination goes unnoticed and will only be confirmed much later when soil decontamination is impractical due to the high costs involved. Corrosion problems occurring in gas station tanks are one of the examples of the everyday discipline concerning corrosion belonging to the courses Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering of the Universidade Federal Fluminense (Fluminense Federal University), which aims to encompass anticorrosive techniques compatible with the environment through a program based on basic knowledge of corrosion and experiments. This work is an attempt to link and integrate the knowledge of corrosion and anticorrosive techniques for the benefit of the environment in order to develop a scientific-technical approach that includes ideas generated and the experiences gained in the teaching and researching of these techniques.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"176-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71250475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis Voltammetry of Cyanide and Process Electrolytic Removal of Cyanide in Effluents","authors":"L. M. Cardoso, F. Mainier, José A. P. Itabirano","doi":"10.5923/j.ajee.20140406.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ajee.20140406.07","url":null,"abstract":"This work uses the methodology of cathodic stripping voltammetry with a mercury drop electrode to separately and simultaneously quantify cyanide (CN-) of other species present in industrial effluents such as toxic metals (Cd2+, Zn2+), sulfides (S2-) and thiocyanate (SCN-). Voltammetry is a technique for electroanalytical study of the relationship between current and potential during the electrolysis of a chemical species, thus providing measures of direct quantification of analytes, which justifies the use of the technique to monitor these species. This technique has been used to determine the residual cyanide in effluents after treatment in the electrolytic cell laboratory developed with in situ generation of chlorine (Cl2), under alkaline conditions, aiming at the destruction of cyanide in carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N2), non-toxic products. The results presented in laboratory assays have been quite satisfactory. Therefore, this technique can be used to quantify the amount of cyanide in industrial effluents.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"182-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71250520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Level Jets in the Pantanal Wetland Nocturnal Boundary Layer - Case Studies","authors":"Hardiney S. Martins, L. Sá, O. Moraes","doi":"10.5923/J.AJEE.20130301.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJEE.20130301.06","url":null,"abstract":"Situated in South America midwest region, Pantanal is a unique biome, alternating dry and flooded periods. An important seasonal variability characteristic from Pantanal's energy balance is the occurrence of situations in which sensible heat flux is positive (bottom-up) during night-time, when the region is flooded enough. In this study it is investigated an interesting aspect of Nocturnal Boundary Layer's (NBL) structure seasonal variability above Pantanal, that is, how Low-Level Jets ( ) occurrence and associated turbulent structure. For this, scale action of different Low-Level Jets ( ) types on Pantanal's Nocturnal Boundary Layer was investigated through case studies. Six events, distributed the following way, were used: Two events without , two events weak shear and two events strong shear. From the two events without , one of them is observed during the dry season and the other, during the flooded one. The same procedure was applied to other events ( weak shear and strong shear). Vertical wind velocity and temperature variance, as well as the covariance among these variables were analyzed and investigated in scale via Wavelet Transform. Remarkable differences were observed among turbulence in NBL characteristics during the “dry” and “flooded” periods. It was observed that weak shear acts like a forcing that generates action of top-down mechanisms in the Pantanal's Nocturnal Boundary-layer. On the other hand, strong shear causes eddies blocking situations with length scales greater than the height. The decrease of the surface roughness at the flooded season, compared to the dry season, reduces remarkably the temperature variance in the lowest length scales below 350m. Such results are useful for a better understanding of seasonal variability in the Pantanal's Nocturnal Boundary-layer, as well as to other regions with similar environmental characteristics and must be taken into consideration in numerical simulations of the flow structure above the region.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"32-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71250291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of BRAMS´ Turbulence Schemes during a Squall Line Occurrence in São Paulo, Brazil","authors":"Andréia Bender, E. Freitas","doi":"10.5923/J.AJEE.20130301.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJEE.20130301.01","url":null,"abstract":"This work evaluates the performance of four turbulence parameterizat ion schemes availab le in the BRAMS model during the simu lation of a Squall Line occurrence in the Metropolitan Area of Sao Paulo, Brazil, with the goal to select the parameterizat ion that possible works better for this kind of phenomena. Simu lation results were co mpared to infrared satellite images provided by GOES and to precipitation estimates fro m TRMM. Through the analysis of some meteorological fields and by using some statistical parameters such as BIAS and MSE, the anisotropic deformat ion scheme, based on Smagorinsky (1963) horizontal diffusion coefficients and its one-dimensional analog for the vertical coefficients, was considered the best scheme fo r the simulated case.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71250610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Vertical Structure of Tropical Urban Heat Island with LES","authors":"E. P. M. Filho, M. Cassol, H. Karam, U. Rizza","doi":"10.5923/J.AJEE.20130301.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJEE.20130301.05","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrac t The Large-eddy simulation (LES) model is used to investigate the influence of the Tropical Urban Heat Island (UHI) in the vert ical structure of the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) under adiabatic and non-saturated conditions. An idealized UHI is represented by two-dimensional patches of heat fluxes at the surface defining variable Bowen rat io along the horizontal do main. The results indicated that the heterogeneities are able to induce the format ion of intense updraft over the center of warm patch. Th is buoyant thermal transports the mo isture fro m the lower to the upper part of the PBL and penetrate the entrainment zone. Consequently, the urban-breeze circulat ion can contribute to the clouds development at the top of the PBL over the UHI.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"24-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71250246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A First Order Pertubative Analysis of the Advection-Diffusion Equation for Pollutant Dispersion in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer","authors":"C. Pellegrini, D. Buske, B. Bodmann, M. Vilhena","doi":"10.5923/J.AJEE.20130301.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJEE.20130301.07","url":null,"abstract":"The present discussion focuses on the dispersion of pollution plu mes in the at mospheric boundary layer. Fro m a comparison between first order perturbation theory with equivalent findings from a spectral theory approach we identify significant contributions under certain conditions filtered out by perturbation technique. To this end we make use of the Intermediate Variable Technique and simp lify the three-dimensional advection-diffusion equation according to the findings of the former. Results, where certain characteristics (diffusion, advection, turbulence) are either amp lified or suppressed are compared with the co mplete GILTT solution. Dispersion of pollution plu mes in the at mospheric boundary layer (A BL) has undergone a considerable evolution fro m its early classification scheme according to stability to more advanced models that are based on the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. However, the complexity mo re or less turbulent of the phenomenon is still man ifest in parameterizat ions that hide physical details in phenomenological coefficients and it would be desirable to shade further light on at least some of their p roperties. In this sense the current discussion is an attempt to identify significant contributions fro m first order perturbation theory with equivalent findings fro m a spectral theory approach. Studies of pollutant dispersion, and in particular of its governing advection-diffusion equation (ADE), have a long tradition of being treated analytically. In fact analytical solutions are of fundamental importance in understanding and describing physical phenomena. Analytical solutions explicit ly take into account all the parameters of a problem, so that their influence can reliab ly be investigated. It is also easy to obtain the asymptotic behaviour of the solution, which is usually mo re tedious to generate numerically. Moreover, in the same spirit as the Gaussian solution (the first solution of the ADE with the wind and eddy diffusivity coefficients set constant in space), the former suggest the","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"48-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71250333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A General Lagrangian Approach to Simulate Pollutant Dispersion in Atmosphere for Low-wind Condition","authors":"J. Carvalho, M. Vilhena, G. Degrazia, Marieli Sallet","doi":"10.5923/j.ajee.20130301.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ajee.20130301.02","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we present a semi-analytical Lagrangian particle model to simu late the pollutant dispersion during low wind speed conditions. The model is based on a methodology, which solves the Langevin equation through the assumption that coefficient of the integrating factor is a complex function. The method leads to a non-linear stochastic integral equation, which is solved by the Method of Successive Approximations or Picard's Iterat ive Method. Taking into account the isomorphis m between the co mp lex and real p lane by writing down the low wind fo rmulat ion in polar form, the procedure allow to determine a formu la for the lo w wind direction. Furthermo re, an exp ression analogous to the Eulerian autocorrelation function suggested by Frenkiel(1) appears in the real co mponent solution. The model results present an improvement in relat ion to the other models and are shown to agree very well with the field tracer data collected during stable conditions at Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL).","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"8-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71250624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entropic Approach for Emission Rate Estimation of Area Pollutant Sources","authors":"D. Robérti, D. Anfossi, H. Velho, G. Degrazia","doi":"10.5923/J.AJEE.20130301.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJEE.20130301.08","url":null,"abstract":"The estimat ion of the area source pollutant strength is a relevant issue for atmospheric environ ment. Th is characterizes an inverse problem in the atmospheric pollution dispersion. In the inverse analysis, an area source domain is considered, where the strength of such area source term is assumed unknown. The inverse problem is formu lated as a non-linear optimization approach, whose objective function is given by the square difference between the measured pollutant concentration and the mathematical models, associated with a regularization operator. The forward problem is addressed by a source-receptor scheme, where a regressive Lagrangian model is applied to co mpute the transition matrix. A quasi-Newton method is emp loyed for minimizing the object ive function. The second order maximu m entropy regularizat ion is used, and the regularizat ion parameter is calculated by the L-curve technique. This inverse problem methodology is tested with synthetic observational data, producing good inverse solutions.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"56-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71250344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of the Boundary Layer Height in the Southern Region of Brazil","authors":"L. Saraiva, N. Krusche","doi":"10.5923/J.AJEE.20130301.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJEE.20130301.09","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the behavior of the planetary boundary layer is fundamental to better comp rehend some phenomena such as the dispersion of pollutants in urban areas. Th is study aims at estimating the characteristic parameters and the spectral properties of the atmospheric turbulence on the surface boundary layer, especially the height of the at mospheric boundary layer in the south of Rio Grande do Su l state, in Brazil, based on data collected by micro meteorological instruments placed close to the surface. The characteristic parameters and the spectral propert ies were analy zed in the light of Monin-Obukhov's similarity theory in different stability conditions. The boundary layer height was determined by using the turbulent spectra of the zonal wind velocity whose data was collected fro m August 28th to November 11th, 2006, on a tower located 20 km south of Rio Grande. Results of the turbulence kinetic energy, the friction velocity and Obukhov's length are in agreement with the findings of other studies carried out in the region. After making adjustments regarding the atmospheric stability, the roughness length properly represented the characteristics of the landscape in the region where the data collection tower was placed. The spectral analysis showed that Monin and Obukhov's similarity theory is not appropriate to describe the spectral characteristics of the turbulence in the somewhat unstable conditions in the region. Mean values of 1168.87 m and 291.90 m were obtained for the heights of the convective and the nocturnal boundary layers, respectively. The methodology that was used to estimate the boundary layer height was satisfactory to represent both its diurnal and its nocturnal evolution.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"63-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71250352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Some Aerosol Features in Buenos Aires","authors":"A. Ulke, G. Raga, D. Baumgardner","doi":"10.5923/J.AJEE.20130301.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJEE.20130301.10","url":null,"abstract":"We present the analysis of in-situ measurements obtained in an experimental campaign in Buenos Aires. Observations of total condensation nuclei (CN), black carbon (BC), polycyclic aro matic hydrocarbon concentration in particulate phase (PPAH), vertical profiles of aerosol light backscattering and meteorological parameters, were obtained at a coastal site during a one-year period. The study provides detailed and novel information about the contributions to the aerosol load in the at mosphere of Buenos Aires due to the co mbined act ion of a variety of sources and dispersion mechanisms. Furthermore, they provide a unique dataset to evaluate modeling tools.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"71-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71250385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}