International journal of psychology and neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Phonological reading route in Portuguese: Paradoxical precise non-word decoding contrary to purported conversion grammar rules","authors":"F. Capovilla","doi":"10.56769/ijpn09101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56769/ijpn09101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract It is traditionally said that the phonological reading route operates based on the application of grapheme-to-phoneme conversion rules. Indeed, know-why decoding is based on orthoepic grammatical rules that specify how grapheme pronunciation depends on grapheme position. However, know-how decoding performance may be based on intuition derived from drill-and-practice modeling and shaping. It may occur in the absence of rules, and even in opposition to the rules readers subscribe to. The present study explores that paradox. In Portuguese pronunciation, the “S” coda is uttered as /z/ when preceding voiced attacks (B, D, G, J, L, M, N, V, Z). Even though Brazilian fluent readers exhibit that assimilation phonetic process in their reading aloud, they tend to be unaware of it. When asked how “S” is to be uttered, they state the inter-vowel grammar position rule: “We always utter ‘S’ as /s/, except when it occurs in between vowels. In that case, and only in that case, we utter ‘S’ as /z/.” In the present study, 40 elementary-school students (3rd-6th grades, aged 8-11 years) read aloud 18 non-words: ASBA, ASCA, ASDA, ASFA, ASGA, ASJA, ASKA, ASLA, ASME, ASNA, ASPA, ASQUA, ASRA, ASSA, ASTA, ASVA, ASXA, ASZA. Results: Upon being interviewed before reading, each student stated the same grammar inter-vowel position rule. During reading, younger students failed to perform phonetic junctions due to syllabification. Long inter-syllabic pauses prevented phonetic junction and, thence, “S”-coda assimilation. In contrast, older students showed perfectly fluent and precise know-how decoding performance. Due to their extensive history of drill-and-practice modeling and shaping, they performed phonetic junction and thus presented perfect “S”-coda voicing. They were surprised upon realizing they performed perfectly and in perfect contrast to the rule they had just stated. Their teachers were submitted to the same task and were equally puzzled and even ashamed. In conclusion: (1) When reading fluency emerges, syllabification is replaced by a phonetic junction. Therefore, the emergence of the phonetic assimilation process of “S”-coda voicing may be regarded as a reading-fluency landmark; (2) Once reading fluency emerges, the phonetic assimilation process of “S”-coda voicing emerges with it as an unconscious process that occurs independently from grammar position rules, and in complete opposition to them; (3) Know-how decoding performance is based on intuition derived from drill-and-practice modeling and shaping. It may be dissociated from know-why decoding knowledge, which is based on orthoepic grammatical rules that specify how grapheme pronunciation depends on grapheme position. Know-how decoding performance may occur in the absence of rules, or even in total contrast to the rules that readers subscribe to, due to phonetic processes that readers are unaware of, such as assimilation. Therefore, the assumption that “the phonological route works based on the appli","PeriodicalId":92534,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and neuroscience","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45815880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Suicidal Behavior: Training Proposal for Nurses","authors":"Carlos Bomfim, Laerson Silva, Karla Ledesma, Marcos Santos, M. Siqueira","doi":"10.56769/ijpn09103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56769/ijpn09103","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Suicide represents a significant public health concern, and nurses working in primary healthcare (PHC) settings play a crucial role in preventing and addressing this phenomenon. This study aims to propose a training program titled \"Management of Suicidal Behavior\" from the perspective of PHC nurses. The research design is descriptive and exploratory, employing a mixed-methods approach. The study involves the completion and descriptive analysis of sociodemographic variables, as well as the Suicide Behavior Attitude Questionnaire (SBAQ). Qualitative data were analyzed using Bardin's content analysis method. The development of the training program involved 22 PHC nurses in the municipality of Serra (Espírito Santo, Brazil), who participated in discussion workshops to evaluate and modify the proposed training proposal based on their perspectives and input. The results revealed negative attitudes among the nurses, as indicated by the SBAQ scores, which were further supported by the qualitative analysis. The study highlighted the need for improved structures not only for the reception of individuals but also for their family members and the professionals involved in their care. To address these issues, a course on suicide prevention was designed, considering the reality, needs, attitudes, and experiences of the participating nurses, with the aim of promoting positive changes and improvements in the areas identified. Descriptors: Suicide Primary Health Care; Education Nursing; Care and Service Management.","PeriodicalId":92534,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and neuroscience","volume":"79 8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70730198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Intention Behind Microaggressions and the Theory of Planned Behavior","authors":"Sapna Kohli","doi":"10.56769/ijpn09104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56769/ijpn09104","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Microaggressions are subtle comments that an individual uses to demean another individual. The impact of these comments on the recipient includes depression, mental decline and even the consideration of suicide. These types of comments can transpire in a number of different settings, including the workplace, social groups, and social media platforms (e.g., Twitter and Facebook). Decreasing their occurrence is a crucial factor for organizations since the harmful effects can be so extreme that employers can be held liable for allowing a hostile work environment. Due to the negative impact these remarks have on individuals, researchers have developed a strategy to help reduce their incidence, which in turn, could diminish their harmful mental effects. This theoretical review is noteworthy because it analyses a study that applies the Theory of Planned Behavior, also referred to as the “Ajzen/Fishbein Model”, to provide a new approach in reducing microaggressions (Ajzen & Fishbein, 1977). This new approach, entitled the “Acceptability of Racial Microaggressions Scale (ARMS)”, offers additional support for the existing theory. By implementing the theory of planned behavior, we can help to reduce or even eliminate these experiences, which would ultimately lead to the well-being and an improved mental state for individuals who are victims of these negative statements. Keywords: Microaggressions, Behavioral Intention, Diversity, Organization, Psychological Well-being.","PeriodicalId":92534,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48077592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Stigma among Individuals with Essential Tremor","authors":"D. Lundervold, Rachel Smith, D. Kreiner","doi":"10.56769/ijpn09105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56769/ijpn09105","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives: The specific aims were to: (a) assess the magnitude of stigma reported by individuals with essential tremor (ET); (b) examine whether predictors of stigma in Parkinson’s disease (PD) would be replicated with ET participants; and (c) examine the relationship between specific dependent (stigma) and independent variable items disability, social anxiety, depression. Methods: ET and PD participants completed online questionnaires assessing tremor disability, self-reported depression, social anxiety, and stigma. Results: A hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated 67% of the variance in stigma was explained by tremor disability with social anxiety significantly adding explanatory power. Discussion: Findings partially replicated those related to PD. Results provide empirical support and expand understanding of ET-related psychosocial disability. Research is needed regarding the relation between self- and perceived stigma and quality of life among individuals with ET. Interventions that have been shown to reduce tremor may also lessen stigma. Keywords: Essential tremor; Parkinson’s disease; Stigma; Tremor Disability Scale-evised; Social Anxiety","PeriodicalId":92534,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48151000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence and Sensor Technologies the Future of Education Students with and without Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities","authors":"Richard Lamb, Ikseon Choi, Tasha Owens","doi":"10.56769/ijpn09102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56769/ijpn09102","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Learning environments such as classrooms and online systems for students with developmental or intellectual disabilities are typically dynamic, multisensory, and make use of top-down attention and working memory mechanisms to promote sense making by the student. However, the last five years have ushered a revolution in computational power, brain mapping, wearable sensors use, large scale data collection, generative artificial intelligence, and physiological signal processing techniques e.g., the 4th industrial revolution. Owing to the advent of inexpensive and highly accurate sensor technologies, generative artificial intelligence, and neurotechnologies, educators now have a new way to assess every student’s learning status, cognitive states, and promote adaption in a multi-modal and multi-dimensional way in real-time. Process data from sensors and neurotechnologies can be available for use by educators within milliseconds as opposed to minutes, hours, or days, as is the case for traditional educational data. Data from artificially intelligent systems can tracks students’ learning progressions using sensor-based data so that content adjustments and differentiation of instruction can meet a student’s needs in real-time. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Online Learning, Wearable Sensors, Special Education, Adaptive Learning.","PeriodicalId":92534,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47045450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Online vs Face-to-Face Psychotherapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United Arab Emirates","authors":"","doi":"10.47485/2693-2490.1069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47485/2693-2490.1069","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused an abrupt and immediate change to the way in which mental health services are delivered. To mitigate against lockdown protocols imposed on a global scale, many individuals seeking mental health services were obliged to use online mental health services in place of face-to-face services. The study reported here investigated the differences in individuals’ experiences of online psychotherapy sessions compared to in-person psychotherapy services using a cross-sectional, within groups design. Forty-nine clients from a mental health clinic in the UAE, who received psychotherapy in both modalities, completed self-report questionnaires measuring satisfaction with therapy and working alliance. Results indicate that clients’ satisfaction levels did not significantly differ between online and in-person therapy sessions. However, clients rated their perceived working alliance with their therapist for in-person therapy sessions significantly higher than for online therapy sessions. Implications for future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":92534,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and neuroscience","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89543993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia in Parkinson’s Disease with Mental Retardation and Wavy Triple Sign (Yasser’s Sign)-Bad Association with Good Outcome","authors":"","doi":"10.47485/2693-2490.1068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47485/2693-2490.1068","url":null,"abstract":"Rationale: Parkinson’s disease is a degenerative neurological disorder accompanied by motor symptoms such as slow movement, tremors, rigidity, and imbalance. PD may be complicated by cognitive impairment, mental disorders, sleep disorders, pain, and sensory disturbances. Despite the quickly swept of COVID-19 across the globe, several studies have a lack of scientific accuracy in the Parkinson’s disease literature that is not immune in origin. Some symptoms of parkinsonism have been reported following COVID-19. The Wavy triple electrocardiographic sign (Yasser’s sign) is an innovative diagnostic sign in hypocalcemia.\u0000\u0000Patient Concerns: A 35-year-old single, mentally retarded, Egyptian, a female patient was presented to the physician outpatient clinic (POC) with pneumonia and Parkinson’s disease.\u0000\u0000Diagnosis: Severe COVID-19 pneumonia in Parkinson’s disease with mental retardation and Wavy triple sign (Yasser’s sign).\u0000\u0000Interventions: Electrocardiography, chest CT scan, oxygenation, and arterial blood gas.\u0000\u0000Outcomes: Electrocardiographic, radiographic, and clinical stabilization was the result.\u0000\u0000Lessons: The association of COVID-19 pneumonia in Parkinson’s disease with mental retardation and the Wavy triple sign (Yasser’s sign) is interesting and stupendous. The constellation of hypotension, ECG sinus tachycardia, hypoxia, Wavy triple sign (Yasser’s sign) of hypocalcemia, elevated creatinine, elevated urea, elevated liver enzymes, and marked elevated d-dimer in the presence of severe bilateral COVID-19 pneumonia may carry a poor prognostic outcome and is indicating a high-risk condition.","PeriodicalId":92534,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and neuroscience","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73778633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Team Cohesion and Interpersonal Relationships among Athletes from the Autonomous University of Nayarit","authors":"","doi":"10.47485/2693-2490.1067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47485/2693-2490.1067","url":null,"abstract":"The university environment entails carrying out a great diversity of productive activities. All of them are carried out without detriment to the academic obligation, which implicitly involves occupational pressure on the students who decide to venture into any of the activities foreseen in the student work since all of them require the availability of time, dedication, tenacity, perseverance, and both physical and mental resistance due to the effort that is necessary to carry them out for their execution.\u0000\u0000Sport is part of the great diversity of activities that university students can carry out. Its practice involves observing the various situations that can affect sports performance, even though it does not correctly refer to obtaining prizes or medals, since if only these arguments are considered to evaluate the implicit process in sports practice, subjective observation of dominance in case of being winners, even of failure if it occurs, since to a large extent the difference between winning or losing is not only due to having greater/less athletic physical capacity, since to enormous size the athletes who compete both individually and as a group and who are capable of making use of their full potential, are those who have managed to adapt to the prevailing conditions during their processes, that is, they have managed to control as much as possible their variables involved in sports performance.\u0000\u0000Team cohesion is one of those variables, which for its consolidation requires harmonizing a large number of internal and external factors, the barometric conditions in which training sessions and competitions occur, and practice schedules that can be combined with school schedules. That hinders the joint and effective performance of both activities since it is essential to mention that athletes are obliged to maintain their level of efficiency in both contexts, hence the performance of both tasks could at any given time be a factor that generates anxiety with Sufficient potential to alter the state of mind that promotes a modification of the emotional state powerful enough to change the perception of the athlete, causing cognitive distortions complex enough for the athlete to make accurate assessments of the origin of such tensions.\u0000\u0000Hence the importance of knowing the factors that alter the team cohesion of the athletes studied is manifested in the psychological disposition with which they face sports and social demands and the coping skills they have developed throughout their experience.","PeriodicalId":92534,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and neuroscience","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89640110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Fear of Falling (FOF) on the Quality of Life of the Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Clinical Study in a Regional Health Center","authors":"","doi":"10.47485/2693-2490.1066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47485/2693-2490.1066","url":null,"abstract":"As life expectancy around the world has been steadily increasing, the geriatric syndrome of Frailty and Fear of Falling (FOF) have emerged as key factors correlating with the physical and mental health of the elderly as well as their quality of life. A number of studies have revealed that gender, age, chronic diseases, polypharmacy, family status, educational level, occupation and comorbidity are domains closely linked to frailty and the feeling of fear of falling, while aging-associated decline and psychosocial factors such as depression, stressful events and anxiety adversely affect the ability of seniors to perform their daily activities. This study investigates how the fear of falling affects the quality of life of the elderly who receive health care services at the Moira Health Centre in Heraklion, Crete, and how FOF correlates with frailty and other biopsychosocial factors. In response to the increasing number of publications on FOF and frailty among the elderly, the evidence-based information of the study attempts to provide useful knowledge regarding the optimal management of the physical and psychosocial needs of the elderly and facilitate the investigative efforts for an active and healthy ageing process.","PeriodicalId":92534,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and neuroscience","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74583685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Females’ Intention of Mutilating Their Daughters and Demographic Characteristics","authors":"","doi":"10.47485/2693-2490.1065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47485/2693-2490.1065","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Women’s intention and attitudes toward ending Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting were found to be highly correlated with social class, degree of education, and availability to knowledge. Aim: The present study was carried out to assess Relationship between Females’ Intention of Mutilating Their Daughters and Demographic Characteristics. Subject & Methods: A Descriptive Cross-sectional in family health centers (FHCs at Beni-Suef Governorate. А Structured Interviewing questionnaire sheet which includes Socio-demographic data, Intention to practice Female Genital Mutilation was used to collect data. Results: About 28.6% of females who had mutilated their daughters were planning to mutilate their other daughters in the future. About 45.2% aged 30 to less than 45 intend to mutilate their daughter. The highest proportion of females who intended to practice FGM/C was among those living in rural areas (59.1%), Intention to practice FGM/C decreased with the increase in the level of education (0.7% among basic (primary, preparatory), 2.9% among secondary educated females, and 96.4% among females with higher education). Conclusion: There is an association between participants’ intention of mutilating their daughters and age, residence, marital status, occupation & level of education. The younger the age, rural residences, marriage, low educational level and employed of the female, the higher the percent of females who intended to practice FGM/C. Recommendations: Increase awareness about law against all parties of Female Genital Mutilation.","PeriodicalId":92534,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and neuroscience","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90971805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}