British journal of experimental pathology最新文献

{"title":"Studies on carrageenin air pouch inflammation in the rat.","authors":"P Hambleton,&nbsp;P Miller","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammation was induced in the 6-day subcutaneous air pouch of the rat by injection of carrageenin. The model was characterized in terms of exudate volume, leucocyte accumulation, granuloma, vascular permeability and protein clearance up to 7 days after injection of carrageenin. From days 2-3 rapid and reproducible changes in these responses were observed which indicated a change from polymorphonuclear (PMN) leucocyte-dominated to mononuclear (MN) leucocyte-dominated inflammation. A second injection of carrageenin on day 3 gave increases in exudate formation and PMN accumulation on day 4. Administration of carrageenin mixed with 3 day inflammatory exudate gave an increased exudate volume and decreased leucocyte accumulation at 6 h. Reduction of 6-h cellular accumulation by use of a lower dose of carrageenin or a I-day air pouch gave complete inhibition of exudate formation on day 3. In contrast, inhibition of the 6-h cell response with prednisolone had no effect on the 3-day response. Daily treatment with indomethacin gave increased PMN accumulation on day 3. Similar treatment with prednisolone additionally reduced exudate volume. Treatment on day 2 with prednisolone gave similar effects whereas indomethacin, BW755C and protease inhibitors had no effect. Administration of colchicine at this time gave inhibition of exudate volume on day 3 whereas complement depletion gave increases in volume and PMNs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9248,"journal":{"name":"British journal of experimental pathology","volume":"70 4","pages":"425-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2040562/pdf/brjexppathol00148-0034.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13905225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased chemiluminescence of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in dogs with volume overload heart failure.","authors":"K Prasad,&nbsp;J Kalra,&nbsp;B Bharadwaj","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) stimulation is known to generate oxygen free radicals. Exogenous oxygen free radicals, generated by xanthine and xanthine oxidase, have been implicated in the decrease of cardiac contractility. It is possible that PMN have increased capacity to release oxygen free radicals in failing heart. It was, therefore, decided to investigate PMN chemiluminescence (oxygen free radicals) from blood in dogs with heart failure due to chronic volume overload. The dogs were divided into two groups: (A) normal, six dogs; (B) dogs with mitral insufficiency (MI) of 6-9 months' duration, six dogs. Haemodynamic parameters were recorded to assess cardiac failure. Mixed venous blood was collected to measure PMN chemiluminescence. Stimulation of PMN was initiated by addition of opsonized zymosan and chemiluminescence was monitored using a luminometer. The haemodynamic parameters in dogs with MI showed that these dogs had left ventricular failure. The peak chemiluminescent activity of PMN in blood of dogs with left ventricular failure was approximately four times that in the blood from normal dogs. This increase in chemiluminescence reflects an increase in the generation of oxygen free radicals from PMN in dogs with chronic heart failure. The decrease in the myocardial contractility in cardiac failure might be due to an increase in the oxygen free radicals produced by the PMN.</p>","PeriodicalId":9248,"journal":{"name":"British journal of experimental pathology","volume":"70 4","pages":"463-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2040557/pdf/brjexppathol00148-0070.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13905228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current status review: antibodies to the T cell antigen receptor.","authors":"A W Boylston","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9248,"journal":{"name":"British journal of experimental pathology","volume":"70 4","pages":"489-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2040553/pdf/brjexppathol00148-0096.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13810256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simian adenovirus type 7 (SA-7) induces tumours of nerve-supporting or paraneural cell origin in newborn hamsters.","authors":"S Ohtaki,&nbsp;K Kato","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Simian adenovirus type 7 (SA-7) was found to induce tumours originating from nerve-supporting or paraneural cells in newborn hamsters, regardless of injection site or tissues. SA-7 induces glioblastomas characterized by definite localization (subependymal regions) and its main cell type, bipolar spongioblast-like cells, in the brain of hamsters inoculated as newborns. When the eyes of newborn hamsters were directly inoculated, SA-7 failed to induce retinoblastoma (0/27), but retro or peri-bulbar SA-7 tumours frequently occurred in tissues closely related to the peripheral nerve apparatus, including the oculomotor nerve or ciliary ganglion. These tumour cells were situated like stromal cells in these nerve tissues. The histological features of the orbital tumours were similar to those of SA-7-induced subcutaneous tumours but not to brain tumours. In contrast with other hamster brain tumours induced by human adenovirus type 12 or human papova JC virus, medulloepithelioma or medulloblastoma, SA-7 induced tumours exhibit distinctive histological and localization characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":9248,"journal":{"name":"British journal of experimental pathology","volume":"70 4","pages":"415-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2040554/pdf/brjexppathol00148-0024.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13905224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in phospholipid fatty acid composition and triacylglycerol content in mouse tissues after infection with bacille Calmette-Guérin.","authors":"S K Jackson,&nbsp;J M Stark,&nbsp;S Taylor,&nbsp;J L Harwood","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Changes in the lipids of tissues from mice infected with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) have been detected by gas-liquid chromatography. Infection with BCG resulted in (1) an increase in the polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio of phospholipids and (2) a decrease in the total triacylglycerol fatty acid content of spleen, liver and peritoneal macrophages. The alteration in fatty acid composition was significant in the phosphatidylethanolamine fraction of the phospholipids. The relation of these findings to an increased sensitivity to bacterial endotoxins is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9248,"journal":{"name":"British journal of experimental pathology","volume":"70 4","pages":"435-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2040568/pdf/brjexppathol00148-0043.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13810255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of fibrinogen with human platelets pretreated with chymotrypsin or aggregated with ADP or thrombin: an immunocytochemical study.","authors":"H Suzuki,&nbsp;R L Kinlough-Rathbone,&nbsp;M A Packham,&nbsp;H Yamazaki,&nbsp;J F Mustard","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although platelets can be induced to aggregate in the absence of external fibrinogen, the response is greatly potentiated by fibrinogen and fibrinogen becomes associated with the surface of stimulated platelets. We compared the aggregation response and association of fibrinogen with the surface of platelets aggregated by ADP or thrombin, and of chymotrypsin-treated platelets aggregated by fibrinogen. The association of fibrinogen with the surface of the platelets was visualized using an electron microscope immunocytochemical method. The aggregation response and the pattern of fibrinogen association was different with each of the three agonists studied. ADP-induced aggregation was associated with pseudopod formation and fibrinogen binding; granule contents were not released and aggregation and fibrinogen binding were reversible. Thrombin-induced aggregation was associated with extensive pseudopod formation and the release of granule contents, but platelet-to-platelet adherence did not appear to involve fibrinogen binding at sites remote from regions of granule discharge; disaggregation did not occur, and visible fibrin did not form rapidly in the absence of added fibrinogen. Fibrinogen-induced aggregation/agglutination of chymotrypsin-treated platelets was similar to ADP-induced aggregation in that fibrinogen binding was required and granule contents were not released; it differed from ADP-induced aggregation in that pseudopod formation did not occur and the aggregates were irreversible. Fibrinogen-induced aggregation of chymotrypsin-treated platelets differed from thrombin-induced aggregation of untreated platelets in every respect except irreversibility. Thus neither pseudopod formation, fibrinogen binding nor the release of granule contents is essential for platelet-to-platelet adherence, although one or other or all may occur in association with it. If platelets are not stimulated to release their granule contents, fibrinogen binding appears to be necessary for extensive platelet aggregation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9248,"journal":{"name":"British journal of experimental pathology","volume":"70 4","pages":"479-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2040560/pdf/brjexppathol00148-0086.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13905229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of the vitronectin receptor during embryonic development; an immunohistological study of the ontogeny of the osteoclast in the rabbit.","authors":"A Simpson,&nbsp;M A Horton","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of the osteoclast during embryogenesis was studied in the rabbit by immunohistological techniques. Two monoclonal antibodies, 13C2 and 23C6, which react with the alpha-chain of the vitronectin receptor were used to define mono and multi-nucleate osteoclasts; being unreactive with other haemopoietic cells these antibodies could discriminate between osteoclasts and cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Staged rabbit embryos, from 14 to 28 days of age, were analysed and compared with findings from newborn and adult rabbits. No 13C2/23C6 immunoreactivity was seen in any of the tissues studied prior to day 17. 13C2/23C6-positive, mononuclear cells--presumptive osteoclast precursors--were first observed in the outer perichondrium of long-bones adjacent to the zone of hypertrophic cartilage in day 17 embryos. From day 17 onwards mono and multi-nucleate cells accumulated progressively in the perichondrium/periosteum, and by day 22 within the developing bone marrow cavity attached to bone spicules. No cells expressing the vitronectin receptor were seen at sites of embryonic or foetal haemopoiesis in yolk sac or foetal liver, that is, prior to the formation of the marrow cavity. Macrophages, defined by cross-reactivity with an antibody to human HLA-DR, first appeared in developing marrow spaces 11 days after the first osteoclast precursor appeared, suggesting that osteoclasts and definitive macrophages might develop from separate cell lineages, or that they diverge at an early stage of differentiation of haemopoietic stem cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":9248,"journal":{"name":"British journal of experimental pathology","volume":"70 3","pages":"257-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2040572/pdf/brjexppathol00147-0034.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13620627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of excessive collagen production during development of pulmonary fibrosis induced by chronic silica inhalation in rats.","authors":"E I Vuorio,&nbsp;J K Makela,&nbsp;T K Vuorio,&nbsp;A Poole,&nbsp;J C Wagner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The activation of collagen synthesis during development of silicotic fibrosis was studied in rats exposed, in dusting chambers, to respirable SiO2 for periods of 2, 4, 6 or 12 months. Control animals were exposed similarly to clean air or TiO2. Development of fibrosis was followed by histological examination, measurement of lung weight and determination of lung collagen content (as hydroxyproline). A steady increase in lung weight and collagen content together with changes in cellularity and metabolic activity of the lungs, as ascertained by chemical determination of DNA and RNA, were measured in the lungs of the SiO2-exposed animals. Hybridization of total lung RNA, extracted at each time point, with cDNA probes specific for type I and type III procollagen mRNA levels showed that the development of fibrosis was associated with increased levels, as compared to age matched controls, of pulmonary procollagen mRNAs. Interestingly, the highest levels of procollagen mRNAs were observed in young (pretreatment control) animals, suggesting that during pulmonary development collagen metabolism in lungs is even greater than during development of fibrosis. In rats exposed to SiO2 the increase in type III procollagen mRNA occurred earlier than the increase in type I procollagen mRNAs. These observations demonstrate both age-dependent and silicosis-related changes in pulmonary procollagen mRNA levels. The results suggest that development of silicosis is associated with an altered capacity of the lungs to regulate collagen accumulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9248,"journal":{"name":"British journal of experimental pathology","volume":"70 3","pages":"305-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2040578/pdf/brjexppathol00147-0079.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13620628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deacylation of bacterial lipopolysaccharide in rat hepatocytes in vitro.","authors":"I Fukuda,&nbsp;K Tanamoto,&nbsp;S Kanegasaki,&nbsp;Y Yajima,&nbsp;Y Goto","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The possible role of liver parenchymal cells in the uptake and degradation of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was investigated in vitro by employing radiolabelled LPS as substrate. Hepatocytes obtained from Wistar rats by collagenase treatment were found to take up LPS only when it was not linked to the polysaccharide of O-antigen. The amount of LPS taken up increased with time and after 48 h incubation it increased in a dose-dependent manner up to at least 30 micrograms. When incubated with LPS radiolabelled exclusively in the fatty-acid moiety, cultured hepatocytes released lipophilic materials into the culture medium. These were identified as beta-hydroxytetradecanoic acid and triglyceride, in the ratio of 7:I. These results indicate that the R-form of LPS which lacks the O-antigen polysaccharide is taken up and deacylated in hepatocytes, and the derived fatty acids are released into the culture medium either in the free form or after conversion to triglyceride.</p>","PeriodicalId":9248,"journal":{"name":"British journal of experimental pathology","volume":"70 3","pages":"267-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2040573/pdf/brjexppathol00147-0043.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13810252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The endolymphatic perfusion of lymph nodes with toxic materials.","authors":"J G Hall,&nbsp;H D Sinnett","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individual lymph nodes of sheep were perfused, via a cannula in one of their afferent lymphatics, with a variety of toxic materials. This procedure was designed to ablate the parenchyma of the nodes so that the macrophage-rich afferent lymph would pass unaltered into the efferent duct, which also had been cannulated. Although many materials caused transient inflammation and/or immunoblastic responses, few caused lasting alterations in the cellular composition of the efferent lymph. Only melphalan, an alkylating agent, succeeded in damaging the internal structure of the nodes so that true afferent lymph appeared in the efferent duct and abundant dendritic macrophages could be collected. In the doses necessary to achieve this enough of the melphalan became systematized to produce a transient alopecia.</p>","PeriodicalId":9248,"journal":{"name":"British journal of experimental pathology","volume":"70 3","pages":"283-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2040586/pdf/brjexppathol00147-0058.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13904049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}