Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry最新文献_第7页

Eating behaviors, body image, perfectionism, and self-esteem in a sample of Portuguese girls. 葡萄牙女孩的饮食行为、身体形象、完美主义和自尊。

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2016-02-05 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1723

Maria D Teixeira, Ana T Pereira, Mariana V Marques, Jorge M Saraiva, António F de Macedo

{"title":"Eating behaviors, body image, perfectionism, and self-esteem in a sample of Portuguese girls.","authors":"Maria D Teixeira, Ana T Pereira, Mariana V Marques, Jorge M Saraiva, António F de Macedo","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1723","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1723","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Eating disorders are an increasingly prevalent health problem among adolescent girls. It is well known that biological, psychosocial, and family-related factors interact in the development of this group of disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying the interaction between these variables are still poorly understood, especially in Portuguese adolescents. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between eating behaviors, body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, and perfectionism in a sample of Portuguese girls.Method: A community sample of 575 Portuguese girls attending secondary school, answered self-report questionnaires including data on weight, height, and the Portuguese versions of the Contour Figures Rating Scale, the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale, the Children Eating Attitudes Test, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. SPSS version 20.0 for Windows was used for statistical analyses.Results: High scores in the Children Eating Attitudes Test were associated with significantly higher levels of body dissatisfaction (r = 0.339), socially prescribed perfectionism (r = 0.175), self-oriented perfectionism (r = 0.211), and low self-esteem (r = -0.292) (all p < 0.001). Self-oriented perfectionism partially mediated the relation between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating behaviors.Conclusion: In this sample, dysfunctional eating behaviors appeared to correlate strongly with body dissatisfaction, low self-esteem, and perfectionism in girls. These themes should be addressed among female adolescents in the community.","PeriodicalId":9246,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7111361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88698799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hair cortisol in drug-naïve first-episode individuals with psychosis 头发皮质醇drug-naïve首发精神病患者

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2016-01-26 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2014-1634

E. H. Andrade, L. Rizzo, Cristiano Noto, V. Ota, A. Gadelha, L. Daruy-Filho, B. D. C. Tasso, R. Mansur, Q. Cordeiro, S. Belangero, R. Bressan, R. Grassi‐Oliveira, E. Brietzke

{"title":"Hair cortisol in drug-naïve first-episode individuals with psychosis","authors":"E. H. Andrade, L. Rizzo, Cristiano Noto, V. Ota, A. Gadelha, L. Daruy-Filho, B. D. C. Tasso, R. Mansur, Q. Cordeiro, S. Belangero, R. Bressan, R. Grassi‐Oliveira, E. Brietzke","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2014-1634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2014-1634","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To compare hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) in drug-naïve first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients and healthy controls and to investigate the correlations between HCC and psychopathology. Methods: Twenty-four drug-naïve FEP patients and 27 gender- and age-matched healthy control subjects were recruited. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-1) was used to confirm/rule out diagnoses, and the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS) was used to assess symptom severity. Hair samples (2-3 cm long) obtained from the posterior vertex region of the scalp were processed in 1-cm segments considering a hair growth rate of 1 cm per month. The 1-cm segments were classified according to their proximity to the scalp: segment A was the closest to the scalp and referred to the month prior to inclusion in the study. Segments B and C referred to the 2nd and 3rd months prior to the time of evaluation respectively. Hair steroid extraction was performed using a known protocol. Results: Two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with gender and age as covariates revealed a group effect (F1.106 = 4.899, p = 0.029) on HCC. Between-segment differences correlated with total PANSS score and with PANSS General Psychopathology subscale and total score. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, as assessed by long-term (3-month) cortisol concentration, is abnormal in the early stages of psychosis. The magnitude of changes in HCC over time prior to the FEP correlates to psychopathology. HPA axis abnormalities might begin prior to full-blown clinical presentation requiring hospital admission.","PeriodicalId":9246,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91371008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Quality of life and physical activity levels in outpatients with schizophrenia 精神分裂症门诊患者的生活质量和身体活动水平

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2016-01-26 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1709

Eluana Gomes, T. Bastos, M. Probst, J. Ribeiro, Gustavo Silva, R. Corredeira

{"title":"Quality of life and physical activity levels in outpatients with schizophrenia","authors":"Eluana Gomes, T. Bastos, M. Probst, J. Ribeiro, Gustavo Silva, R. Corredeira","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1709","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To assess quality of life (QoL) and physical activity (PA) levels of outpatients with schizophrenia and healthy controls matched for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), hip circumference, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. Additionally, the present study investigated associations between PA levels, QoL, and anthropometric and behavioral measures among outpatients with schizophrenia. Methods: Thirty-two outpatients with schizophrenia and 32 individuals without mental illness were included in the study. QoL and PA levels were assessed by the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument - Abbreviated version (WHOQOL-Bref) and by GT3X triaxial accelerometers, respectively. Results: Outpatients with schizophrenia had poorer QoL and lower vigorous PA levels compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05). The group with schizophrenia showed a significant association between higher weight and lower scores in the mental health domain of the WHOQOL-Bref. A higher BMI was also significantly associated with lower scores in the physical health domain of the WHOQOL-Bref. Schizophrenic patients with smoking behaviors were associated with fewer steps per day and with less moderate to vigorous PA. Conclusions: This study seeks to shed some light upon the lifestyle of patients with schizophrenia. New psychosocial approaches should focus on PA, weight, and smoking management, thereby helping these patients to improve their QoL.","PeriodicalId":9246,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77562716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

Quality of life in mild dementia: patterns of change in self and caregiver ratings over time 轻度痴呆患者的生活质量:自我和照顾者评分随时间变化的模式

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2016-01-08 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2014-1642

M. Dourado, M. F. D. de Sousa, R. Santos, J. P. Simões, M. Nogueira, T. Belfort, B. Torres, R. Dias, J. Laks

{"title":"Quality of life in mild dementia: patterns of change in self and caregiver ratings over time","authors":"M. Dourado, M. F. D. de Sousa, R. Santos, J. P. Simões, M. Nogueira, T. Belfort, B. Torres, R. Dias, J. Laks","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2014-1642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2014-1642","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To determine changes over time in self and caregiver ratings of quality of life (QoL) in people with dementia (PwD) and to identify factors associated with changes in QoL ratings. Methods: In this longitudinal study, 69 people with mild Alzheimer’s disease and their caregivers were assessed at baseline and after 1 year. We examined the association of QoL ratings with the following variables at the two time points: awareness of disease, cognitive status, mood, functionality, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and caregiver burden. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted to examine the contribution of co-factors. Results: At baseline, PwD self-ratings of QoL were associated with caregiver ratings of PwD QoL (p = 0.001). Caregiver ratings were associated with PwD mood (p = 0.001) and self-rated QoL (p = 0.001). After 1 year, caregiver ratings of PwD QoL changed significantly (p = 0.049, d = -0.27), whereas PwD self-ratings did not (p = 0.89, d = 0.09). PwD awareness of disease changed significantly (p = 0.001) at 1 year, having declined in 25.4% and improved in 12.3% of participants. PwD QoL self-ratings were associated with caregiver ratings (p = 0.001). Caregiver ratings of PwD QoL after 1 year were associated with PwD mood (p = 0.029), self-reported QoL (p = 0.001), and awareness of disease (p = 0.033). Conclusions: The association between self and caregiver ratings of PwD QoL was maintained over 1 year. The primary factors accounting for the change in caregiver ratings were PwD mood and awareness of disease. QoL and cognitive impairment seem to be relatively independent in mild dementia.","PeriodicalId":9246,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90246087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 30

Association between duration of untreated bipolar disorder and clinical outcome: data from a Brazilian sample 未经治疗的双相情感障碍持续时间与临床结果之间的关系:来自巴西样本的数据

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2016-01-08 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1680

Gustavo C. Medeiros, Sofia B Senço, B. Lafer, K. M. Almeida

{"title":"Association between duration of untreated bipolar disorder and clinical outcome: data from a Brazilian sample","authors":"Gustavo C. Medeiros, Sofia B Senço, B. Lafer, K. M. Almeida","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1680","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Bipolar disorder (BD) is often left untreated for long periods, and this delay in treatment correlates with unfavorable prognosis. The present study sought to assess the magnitude of duration of untreated bipolar disorder (DUB) in Brazil. We hypothesized that DUB would be longer in Brazil than in developed countries, and would be associated with poor clinical outcomes. Methods: One hundred and fifty-two psychiatric outpatients were evaluated for BD diagnosis, demographics, DUB, and clinical outcomes. Results: The mean age and mean DUB were, respectively, 38.9±10.8 and 10.4±9.8 years. An extended DUB was associated with early onset of BD (p < 0.001), depression as first mood episode (p = 0.04), and presence of BD in a first-degree relative (p = 0.012). Additionally, a longer DUB was associated with poorer clinical outcomes, such as elevated rates of rapid cycling (p = 0.004) and anxiety disorders (p = 0.016), as well as lower levels of current full remission (p = 0.021). Conclusion: As DUB may be a modifiable variable, better medical education regarding mental health, more structured medical services, and population-wide psychoeducation might reduce the time between onset and proper management of BD, thus improving outcome.","PeriodicalId":9246,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85199065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

High-risk behaviors and experiences with traffic law among night drivers in Curitiba, Brazil. 巴西库里提巴夜间司机的高危行为和交通法规经验。

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2016-01-08 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2014-1574

Sandra L Ulinski, Simone T Moysés, Renata I Werneck, Samuel J Moysés

{"title":"High-risk behaviors and experiences with traffic law among night drivers in Curitiba, Brazil.","authors":"Sandra L Ulinski, Simone T Moysés, Renata I Werneck, Samuel J Moysés","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2014-1574","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1516-4446-2014-1574","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To explore high-risk behaviors and experiences with traffic law among night drivers in Curitiba, Brazil.Method: Data from 398 drivers on sociodemographic parameters, high-risk behaviors, experiences with traffic law, and traffic law violations were collected through interviews conducted at sobriety checkpoints. Exploratory-descriptive and analytical statistics were used.Results: The mean age of the participants was 32.6±11.2 years (range, 18 to 75 years). Half of the drivers reported having driven after drinking in the last year, predominantly single men aged 18 to 29 years who drive cars and drink alcohol frequently. Only 55% of the drivers who had driven after drinking in the last year self-reported some concern about being detected in a police operation.Conclusions: A significant association was found between sociodemographic variables and behavior, which can help tailor public interventions to a specific group of drivers: young men who exhibit high-risk behaviors in traffic, such as driving after drinking alcohol, some of whom report heavy alcohol consumption. This group represents a challenge for educational and enforcement interventions, particularly because they admit to violating current laws and have a low perception of punishment due to the low risk of being detected by the police.","PeriodicalId":9246,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/1516-4446-2014-1574","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84623465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Neural correlates of hallucinations in bipolar disorder 双相情感障碍中幻觉的神经关联

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2016-01-08 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2014-1640

Maila de C. Neves, Dante Duarte, M. Albuquerque, R. Nicolato, F. Neves, Fábio L. de Souza-Duran, G. Busatto, H. Corrêa

{"title":"Neural correlates of hallucinations in bipolar disorder","authors":"Maila de C. Neves, Dante Duarte, M. Albuquerque, R. Nicolato, F. Neves, Fábio L. de Souza-Duran, G. Busatto, H. Corrêa","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2014-1640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2014-1640","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Approximately one-half of all patients affected by bipolar disorder present with psychotic features on at least one occasion. Several studies have found that alterations in the activity of mesolimbic and prefrontal regions are related to aberrant salience in psychotic patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the structural correlates of a history of hallucinations in a sample of euthymic patients with bipolar I disorder (BD-I). Methods: The sample consisted of 21 euthymic patients with BD-I and no comorbid axis I DSM-IV-TR disorders. Voxel based morphometry (VBM) was used to compare patients with and without a lifetime history of hallucinations. Preprocessing was performed using the Diffeomorphic Anatomical Registration through Exponentiated Lie Algebra (DARTEL) algorithm for VBM in SPM8. Images were processed using optimized VBM. Results: The main finding of the present study was a reduction in gray matter volume in the right posterior insular cortex of patients with BD-I and a lifetime history of hallucinations, as compared to subjects with the same diagnosis but no history of hallucinations. Conclusions: This finding supports the presence of abnormalities in the salience network in BD patients with a lifetime history of hallucinations. These alterations may be associated with an aberrant assignment of salience to the elements of one’s own experience, which could result in psychotic symptoms.","PeriodicalId":9246,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72982421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Childhood trauma and dimensions of depression: a specific association with the cognitive domain 童年创伤和抑郁的维度:与认知领域的特定关联

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2015-11-24 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1764

E. Vares, G. Salum, L. Spanemberg, M. Caldieraro, L. H. de Souza, R. Borges, M. Fleck

{"title":"Childhood trauma and dimensions of depression: a specific association with the cognitive domain","authors":"E. Vares, G. Salum, L. Spanemberg, M. Caldieraro, L. H. de Souza, R. Borges, M. Fleck","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1764","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate associations between a history of childhood trauma and dimensions of depression in a sample of clinically depressed patients. Methods: A sample of 217 patients from a mood-disorder outpatient unit was investigated with the Beck Depression Inventory, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the CORE Assessment of Psychomotor Change, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. A previous latent model identifying six depressive dimensions was used for analysis. Path analysis and Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) models were used to investigate associations between general childhood trauma and childhood maltreatment modalities (emotional, sexual, and physical abuse; emotional and physical neglect) with dimensions of depression (sexual, cognition, insomnia, appetite, non-interactiveness/retardation, and agitation). Results: The overall childhood trauma index was uniquely associated with cognitive aspects of depression, but not with any other depressive dimension. An investigation of childhood maltreatment modalities revealed that emotional abuse was consistently associated with depression severity in the cognitive dimension. Conclusion: Childhood trauma, and specifically emotional abuse, could be significant risk factors for the subsequent development of cognitive symptoms of major depression. These influences might be specific to this depressive dimension and not found in any other dimension, which might have conceptual and therapeutic implications for clinicians and researchers alike.","PeriodicalId":9246,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84913697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Virtual reality exposure using three-dimensional images for the treatment of social phobia 虚拟现实曝光利用三维图像治疗社交恐惧症

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2015-11-13 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2014-1560

C. M. Gebara, T. P. de Barros‐Neto, Leticia Gertsenchtein, F. Lotufo-Neto

引用次数: 44