Journal of laboratory and precision medicine最新文献

{"title":"Potential drawbacks of pharmacy-based COVID-19 testing","authors":"G. Lippi, B. Henry, M. Plebani","doi":"10.21037/JLPM-21-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/JLPM-21-10","url":null,"abstract":"© Journal of Laboratory and Precision Medicine. All rights reserved. J Lab Precis Med 2021;6:10 | http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jlpm-21-10 In a recent article, Risanger and colleagues have underpinned the potential benefits of establishing a pharmacy-based model of rapid diagnostic testing for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVD-19) (1). Although increasing and optimizing the access to diagnostic testing is a cornerstone in prevention and management of the ongoing severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic outbreak, we would like to briefly highlight some important caveats that may afflict a pharmacy-based strategy for replacing or supporting conventional laboratory-based SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing (2). The first aspect that needs to be highlighted, is that specimen self-collection by patients themselves does not provide the same diagnostic performance as collection by healthcare personnel, especially when patients have not been appropriately trained. Evidence of this has been provided in several studies, including that published by McCulloch et al. (3), who concluded that patient-collected nasopharyngeal swabs had 20% lower diagnostic sensitivity compared to clinician-collected specimens, especially when the viral load is low, but still clinically significant in terms of potential inter-human transmission. Similar results were reported by Tan et al. (4), who also showed that self-collection may be characterized by nearly 30% lower diagnostic sensitivity compared to collection by healthcare worker for specimens with cycle thresholds higher than 30. As there is now widespread literature highlighting the potential limitations (especially with respect to false negative test results) of self-collecting nasopharyngeal swabs (5), serious doubts remain as to the accuracy of this practice. A second aspect that needs to be highlighted is the testing technology used for diagnosing both symptomatic and (especially) asymptomatic COVID-19 infections. Rapid point of care (POC) molecular or antigenic assays do not provide comparable diagnostic performance as routine, laboratory-based, test, as clearly highlighted by the Cochrane COVID-19 Diagnostic Test Accuracy Group (6). In particular, rapid POC tests are still currently characterized by poor diagnostic sensitivity in identifying COVID-19 patients with low viral load (between 34–100% for rapid molecular tests and between 8–70% for rapid antigen tests, respectively), who are however important vehicles of viral transmission, accounting for nearly onefourth of all documented asymptomatic contagions (7). Insufficient quality assurance throughout the total POC testing process is another potential limitation (8). An international external quality assessment survey carried out for purpose of reviewing the quality of SARS-CoV-2 molecular detection has evidenced a considerably high coefficient of variation (i.e., between 35–54%) in terms of cycle threshold reporting across different clinical speci","PeriodicalId":92408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of laboratory and precision medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45400331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adult hypoglycaemia; a narrative review on forensic aspects","authors":"V. Marks, R. Gama","doi":"10.21037/JLPM-20-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/JLPM-20-104","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic hypoglycaemia describes interactions between hypoglycaemia and the law. Hypoglycaemia, or more correctly the neuroglycopenia and associated temporary brain malfunction, may result in a state of automatism during which sufferers are absolved, in law, from responsibility for what would otherwise be a criminal offence. Courts consider hypoglycaemia beyond the experience of the layman and consequently require an expert to explain what it is and how it affects behaviour. Experts on hypoglycaemia are few reflecting the rarity with which hypoglycaemia occurs in all except patients with diabetes treated with hypoglycaemic agents. Experts on hypoglycaemia are drawn from a number of disciplines, toxicology, pharmacology, internal medicine, forensic pathology, endocrinology and clinical biochemistry of which the last three are the most important in the forensic context. Death from hypoglycaemia may be due either to natural underlying causes or from the hypoglycaemia. Hypoglycaemia is produced by accidental or malicious administration of hypoglycaemic agents of which insulin is the commonest. The purported victim may be alive or dead when first brought to medical attention. In the former, investigation is essentially the same as for any case of spontaneous hypoglycaemia. Investigation of suspected death from hypoglycaemia requires collaboration between a forensic pathologist and either a toxicologist or clinical biochemist. The post mortem measurement of blood glucose is of little or no value in the investigation of hypoglycaemia whereas detection and quantification of the pancreatic hormones insulin, C-peptide and proinsulin, preferably by liquid chromatography/mass-spectrometry (LC-MS), is essential. Vitreous humour is most useful fluid for analysis as all three hormones remain measurable for several days after death from insulin poisoning unlike in serum from peripheral blood. Biochemical and immunohistological analysis of tissue surrounding a suspected injection site, if identified, is also valuable.","PeriodicalId":92408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of laboratory and precision medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42732033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive findings in repeated serum protein electrophoresis tests after an initial negative result in patients without prior history of plasma cell disorders: a pilot retrospective database study","authors":"K. Choy, J. G. Abcede, Y. Chong, T. P. Loh","doi":"10.21037/jlpm-21-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/jlpm-21-67","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of laboratory and precision medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44880723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is cellular immunity the future key for deciphering and monitoring COVID-19 vaccines efficacy?","authors":"G. Lippi, C. Mattiuzzi, B. Henry","doi":"10.21037/jlpm-22-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/jlpm-22-37","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of laboratory and precision medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43284799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of iron metabolism: what is new?","authors":"Sophie Melicine, K. Peoc’h, Morgane Ducastel","doi":"10.21037/jlpm-21-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/jlpm-21-50","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of laboratory and precision medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44834067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can ionized calcium-estimating equations replace albumin-corrected calcium?—a narrative review","authors":"E. Yap, P. Goldwasser","doi":"10.21037/jlpm-22-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/jlpm-22-16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of laboratory and precision medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45227833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron: make new with old, a virtuous circle","authors":"K. Peoc’h","doi":"10.21037/jlpm-21-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/jlpm-21-40","url":null,"abstract":"© Journal of Laboratory and Precision Medicine. All rights reserved. J Lab Precis Med 2021 | https://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jlpm-21-40 The exploration of iron metabolism is an old topic of interest. Indeed, this metal has a significant impact on human health. On the one hand, iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency, with nearly two Billiards individuals worldwide suffering from insufficient iron supplies. On the other hand, iron overload is one of the most common genetically inherited diseases. Finally, very rare congenital anemia may lead to diagnosis wandering. Iron deficiency is responsible for abnormal neurodevelopment in infants. Moreover, more and more scientific reports have evidenced that iron deficiency, even without anemia, is a risk factor in various diseases and is implied in the response and recovery after surgery. Another point to consider is the fact that iron exploration is imperfectly realized worldwide. First, the choice of biomarkers is not so simple, and other conditions such as inflammation, or the time sampling during the day, may modify this choice. Second, the threshold for interpretation of those biomarkers may vary among sources and according to the society that has made recommendations. Finally, the treatment of iron deficiency has evolved during the last decade. As a sum, we thought it is interesting to overview and update the actuality of iron in human health.","PeriodicalId":92408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of laboratory and precision medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45573647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to “High-density lipoprotein: a double-edged sword in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology”","authors":"M. Lewandowska, K. Shipman","doi":"10.21037/jlpm-22-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/jlpm-22-15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of laboratory and precision medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43048779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The analytical and clinical aspects pleural fluid analysis","authors":"Zhi-De Hu","doi":"10.21037/jlpm-21-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/jlpm-21-39","url":null,"abstract":"Etiological diagnosis of pleural effusion (PE) remains a challenge for clinicians. Although thoracoscopy has high diagnostic accuracy in patients with undiagnosed PE, it has some limitations, such as invasiveness and the requirement for special training. Pleural fluid analysis shows a high diagnostic accuracy in undiagnosed PE. Compared with thoracoscopy, pleural fluid analysis has the advantages of noninvasiveness, low cost, no requirement for special training, and objectivity. PE can be categorized into transudate and exudate according to the underlying etiology. Transudates are caused by systemic disorders, such as cardiac failure and liver cirrhosis, and exudates are associated with local inflammation of the pleura. The first step in the etiological diagnosis of pleural effusion is separating transudates from exudates. The landmark work in separating exudates and transudate is the Light’s criteria (1). The most common causes of exudate are malignancy, pneumonia, and tuberculous pleurisy. Additional biomarkers beyond the Light’s criteria are needed to verify the underlying causes of exudate. In this special issue of pleural fluid analysis, some issues in the pleural fluid analysis were discussed. The diagnostic accuracy of tumor markers for malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is controversial, and the results from the available studies are always inconsistent. Consequently, systematic reviews and meta-analyses are needed to ascertain the diagnostic accuracy of a given marker. In this special issue, the diagnostic accuracy of pleural endostatin for MPE was investigated by a meta-analysis. The results indicate that the endostatin’s diagnostic accuracy for MPE is low (doi: 10.21037/ jlpm-20-91). Machine learning (ML) represents a novel and promising strategy for investigating the diagnostic accuracy of multiple biomarkers (2). A previous study showed that ML improved the diagnostic accuracy of conventional biomarkers for tuberculosis pleural effusion (TPE) (3). In this special the of for (MPM) was evaluated. to findings in indicated accuracy of tumor markers for MPM (doi: 10.21037/jlpm-20-90).","PeriodicalId":92408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of laboratory and precision medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46310413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical utility of tubular markers in kidney disease: a narrative review","authors":"A. Kamijo-Ikemori, K. Kimura","doi":"10.21037/jlpm-22-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/jlpm-22-24","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Various tubular markers have been established for the diagnosis of kidney diseases and evaluation of treatment efficacy. Currently, there are limited treatments available for advanced kidney disease. Therefore, early identification of patients at high risk of progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is necessary for the provision of appropriate treatment at an early phase. The present review focuses on newly established urinary tubular markers, i.e., urinary [tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2)]*[insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7 (IGFBP7)] and L-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP). Methods: A literature search of the electronic databases MEDLINE (January 2014 to February 2022) was conducted using search terms of “urinary [TIMP-2]*[IGFBP7]”, “urinary L-FABP”, “kidney disease”, and “COVID-19”. Original articles, which were written in English and show clinical usefulness of urinary [TIMP-2]*[IGFBP7] or urinary L-FABP, were mainly reviewed. Key Content and Findings: These proteins are expressed in human tubules and are reported to have renoprotective functions against kidney disease. In 2014, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the clinical application of NephroCheck, measuring urinary [TIMP-2]*[IGFBP7], for the diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI). Notably, the usefulness of urinary L-FABP in AKI, chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetic kidney disease, aging, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been widely reported. Furthermore, various methods have been established for the easy, rapid, and highly sensitive measurements of c in various situations. In 2011, urinary L-FABP was approved by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in Japan. Conclusions: Early utilization of an accurate marker may improve the prognosis of kidney disease and patient survival. © Journal of Laboratory and Precision Medicine. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":92408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of laboratory and precision medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49599111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}