Asian journal of agriculture and food science最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Methods of Processing Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) on the Susceptibility of the Seeds to Fungal Infection during Storage","authors":"R. Baraka, M. E. Tobin-West","doi":"10.24203/AJAFS.V7I1.5697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/AJAFS.V7I1.5697","url":null,"abstract":"The study on the effect of storage length on susceptibility of variously processed and unprocessed groundnut seed to fungal infection were carried out in the Department of Crop and Soil Science laboratory.  Four methods of processing (oil fried, sand fried, oven fried, smoked with seeds in shell) and a control (raw unprocessed seeds) was adopted and laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Four fungal isolates were identified which are Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Fusarium moniliforme. Aspergillus flavus was the most pronounced fungi (41.35%) followed by Aspergillus niger (38.15%), Sclerotium rolfsii (34.92%) and the lowest was Fusarium moniliforme (28.83%). There was significant difference in fungal contamination at 5% probability level between the method of processing and raw seeds. Susceptibility to fungal infection revealed that oil fried seed were less susceptible to fungal invasion followed by smoked with seeds in shell, oven fried seeds, sand fried seeds and raw seeds. However, groundnut oil should be used to process groundnut seeds for human consumption because it stores better and is less susceptible to mycobial contamination. Also, controlled storage environment should be used to reduce fungal contamination, processing should be done in hygienic environment and seeds should not be stored for too long as the higher the storage period the more susceptible the seeds become.","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41817977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Efficacy of Aqueous Extract of three Botanicals on Corn Earworm (Heliothis armigera)","authors":"I. Udo, Paulinus Titus Ibanga","doi":"10.24203/AJAFS.V7I1.5411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/AJAFS.V7I1.5411","url":null,"abstract":"A field research was conducted at Ikpe Annang, Essien Udim Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria between March and June, 2015 to evaluate the efficacy of aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica, Moringa oleifera and Ocimum grattissimum on corn earworm (Heliothis armigera). The experiment was laid out in split plot fitted into randomized complete block design with three replicates. Aqueous extracts of the three botanicals were applied at the rates of 0, 100, 200 and 300 l/ha weekly to study the number of punch holes on leaves and the number of cobs attacked by corn earworm at 4, 6 and 8 weeks after planting (WAP), as well as grain yield. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant means compared using least significant difference (LSD) at 5% probability (p<0.05). The results from the study showed that application of A. indica and M. oleifera leaf extracts applied at 300 l/ha recorded fewer punch holes than O. grattissimum leaf extract, at different times after planting. At harvest, the application of neem leaf at 300l/ha recorded lesser number (1.49) of insect pest per cob than scent leaf (2.51) and moringa leaf (1.80) while fewer number of cobs were attacked by the insect pest. At harvest, the highest grain yield of 2.31 t/ha was recorded from maize treated with moringa leaf extract while neem leaf recorded 2.25 t/ha, as against scent leaf with the lowest yield of 1.85t/ha. The incorporation of biopesticides particularly neem and moringa for the management of field pests of maize is hereby advocated.","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45519245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Survey of Post-Harvest Techniques Employed in Handling and Storage of Sweet Oranges (Citrus sinensis Osberk) in Lagos, Ogun and Osun States, Nigeria","authors":"O. A. Adekalu, D. Agboola, S. Atanda, S. Akande","doi":"10.24203/AJAFS.V7I1.5681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/AJAFS.V7I1.5681","url":null,"abstract":"Post-Harvest losses of fruits are considered to be a major problem that affects many farmers in most developing countries like Nigeria. Reduction of post-harvest losses and quality deterioration are essential in increasing food availability from the existing productions. Minimizing this loss has great significance for food security, economic growth and welfare of the society. Losses are caused by a variety of factors ranging from growth conditions, pre-harvest practices, types of harvesting techniques, post-harvest practices, means of transportations, condition of roads and retail stores or market. This survey was conducted to explore the farmers’ practices, gender, harvesting techniques, means of transportation, wholesalers and retailers and consumers information. Structured questionnaires on farm gate, transportation, marketing, consumers, and post-harvest practices were administered to randomly, selected sweet orange (Citrus sinensis Osberk) farmers, marketers and consumers from all local government areas in each three states (Lagos, Osun, Ogun States). The data collected were subjected to descriptive analysis, means, percentages and graphs were drawn. The survey revealed that poor infrastructure, lack of formal education and poor agricultural practices account for over 50% losses from farm to the markets and finally to the consumers. Most traders took fruits to markets for sale without considering the quality of the produce. More than 70% of the respondents clear their farm by bush clearing using hired labourers. Orange plucking using long poles and shaking were practiced by 90-100% of farmers in the 3 states.  Farmers heap their fruits on bare floor in Truck/ Lorries, pick up van and saloon cars (taxis). Over 90% of respondents made gains or profits from sweet orange business. Results also revealed 100% of respondents consumed sweet orange raw/fresh. Wholesalers and retailers were not aware of any suitable storage structures either in the market or on farm.  The designed Go-to-Hell used for harvesting oranges had no degree of diseases incidence compared to long stick or shaking. The agricultural practices employed in handling and storage of sweet oranges in Lagos, Ogun and Osun States need to be improved upon.","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42892720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory and Field Studies of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacterial Strains and Imazethapyr on Orobanche crenata Forsk Infesting Vicia faba","authors":"M. A. Yahia, M. Hassan, Muntasir A M Elamien, N. K. Abdalla, A. .. Rugheim, Randa H. Elsalahi, Rashida M. A. Abusin, R. A. Abakeer, M. M. Ahmed, A. Osman, M. E. Abdelgani, AddelGabar E Babiker","doi":"10.24203/AJAFS.V6I6.5621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/AJAFS.V6I6.5621","url":null,"abstract":"A series of laboratory and field experiments were undertaken at the laboratories and experimental farm of Environment, Natural Resources and Desertification Research Institute, NCR and Shendi Research Station experimental farm, ARC, Sudan at season 2015-2016, to evaluate efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus megatherium var. Phosphaticum (BMP), Rhizobium leguminosarum (TAL1399) and the herbicide imazethapyr (pursuit) against Orobanche crenata infesting faba bean. Treatments were laid out in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) in laboratory experiment and in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in the field experiments with four replicates. Results of laboratory experiments showed that T. harzianum and Imazethapyr each alone or in combination significantly reduced O. crenata germination. Field results revealed that, application of T. harzianum, Imazethapyr and Imazethapyr + BMP+TAL1399 significantly delayed the days of O. crenata emergence in Shendi and Soba sites. T. harzianum alone or in combination with bacteria or imazethapyr significantly reduced number of O. crenata emergence and increased faba bean plant height as compared to the corresponding control in Shendi and Soba sites. T. harzanium alone or in combination with T. harzanium + BMP+TAL1399 significantly increased faba bean biomass, pod/plant and grain yield and 100 seed weight insignificantly as compared to the infested control in Shendi and Soba sites.","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41427773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farmers' Willingness to Pay for 2-Wheel Tractor Hiring Services in Northwestern Ethiopia: A Contingent Valuation Study","authors":"Astewel Takele, Y. Selassie, Solomon Tekset","doi":"10.24203/AJAFS.V6I6.5592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/AJAFS.V6I6.5592","url":null,"abstract":"This study sought to determine farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for 2-wheel tractor hiring services in Northwestern Ethiopia. Survey questionnaire related to CVM was designed and face-to face interview were made to collect the data. Moreover, focus group discussion used to generate qualitative information on household characteristics. Both purposive and stratified sampling techniques were used based on gender, wealth class and soil type of the sampled households. For the study, a total of 144 farm households were considered using double bounded contingent valuation methods approach with an open-ended follow-up question. The study result indicated that the mean amount of money farmers is willing to pay was 1121.026 ETB (56.05 USD) per hectare. Econometric results confirm that the education level of households, land size of households, male labor availability and soil type were the factors that affecting the farmers’ level of willingness to pay positively. However, age of households and tropical livestock unit (TLU) were the factors that affected the same negatively. About 80% of the sampled farmers were willing to use 2-wheel THS. The finding of this study showed that farmers demand for improved 2-wheel THS is high. Hence, there is a need to consider the above factors to introduce 2-wheel tractor hiring service for cultivation practice in the study area. ","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42649556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study on the Incidence of White Mold (Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum) on Stored Carrot within Two Markets in the Tamale Metropolis of Northern Region","authors":"E. Sowley, F. Kankam, Deborah Akpene Kundo","doi":"10.24203/AJAFS.V6I6.5601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/AJAFS.V6I6.5601","url":null,"abstract":"Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is predominant among other fungi species responsible for rot of several crops on the field and in storage. It results in an important economic loss in stored carrot roots and other economic important crops and vegetables. This makes Sclerotinia sclerotiorum a polyphagous fungus. S. sclerotiorum is a cosmopolitan fungus that affects most crops and vegetables in the tropics and temperate regions. The study was conducted to determine the incidence of S. sclerotiorum in stored carrots within the two major markets (Tamale central and Aboabo) of the Tamale Metropolis of the Northern region of Ghana. Fifteen (15) carrot samples each were collected from the two markets and from different storage containers (storage in sack, basket and pan). Four different fungi species were isolated from the carrot samples. These were Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus clavatus. The total incidence of fungi species among the two markets showed significant difference (P < 0.05). S. sclerotiorum recorded varied occurrences across the two markets with the highest incidence recorded in the Tamale Central market (44.4%). S. sclerotiorum was predominant in carrots from the markets than the other fungi. The incidence of S. sclerotiorum varied in different storage containers. Storage using sack recorded the highest incidence (70.0%) of S. sclerotiorum followed by storage using pan (32.7%) with the lowest incidence recorded in storage using basket (24.0%). However, S. sclerotiorum was found to be associated with carrots from the two markets studied. Hence appropriate storage containers such as storage using baskets are recommended as a way of combating the high incidences of S. sclerotiorum.","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43264477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production and Quality Evaluation of Functional Biscuits from Whole Wheat Flour Supplemented with Acha (Fonio) and Kidney Bean Flours","authors":"U. Inyang, E. A. Daniel, F. Bello","doi":"10.24203/AJAFS.V6I6.5573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/AJAFS.V6I6.5573","url":null,"abstract":"Composite flours are used for bakery products to improve the nutritional value and reduce the reliance on wheat importation. The present study was aimed at assessing the effect of supplementing whole wheat flour with acha and red kidney bean flours on the physical properties, proximate composition, mineral and sensory characteristics of biscuits made from the blends. Blend ratios used were 100:00:00 (T1, control sample), 75:25:00 (T2), 75:00:25 (T3) and 50:25:25 (T4) (whole wheat: acha: kidney bean flour). The result showed that all the parameters varied with the composition of flours in the blends. The biscuit weight, diameter, thickness and spread ratio ranged from 16.32 to 19.08g, 4.02 to 4.40cm, 0.69 to 0.78cm and 5.33 to 6.38 respectively. Incorporation of kidney bean flour in the blends led to the reduction in spread ratio of the biscuit. The protein, fat, ash, crude fibre and carbohydrate contents in the biscuits ranged from 11.73 to 15.20%, 16.34 to 17.95%, 1.52%, to 1.73%, 1.65 to 1.80% and 63.36 to 68.70% respectively. Samples T3 and T4 with kidney bean flour incorporation had higher protein, dietary fibre and lower carbohydrate contents than samples T1 and T2 with no kidney bean flour incorporation. The calcium, potassium, magnesium, iron and zinc contents ranged from 36.14 – 45.72mg/100g, 105.40 – 128.72mg/100g, 29.60 – 46.81mg/100g, 3.89 – 5.12mg/100g and 2.01 –3.51mg/100g respectively. Incorporation of kidney bean flour enhanced the calcium, magnesium and iron contents in the biscuits. Sensory mean score values showed that samples T3 and T4 were the most preferred samples in terms of overall acceptability as their values were not significantly (p>0.05) difference from each other. It is evident from the study that acceptable biscuits of improved nutritional value and high dietary fibre content could be produced from whole wheat flour supplemented with acha and kidney beans flours. This will increase the utilization of these locally grown crops and reduce wheat importation into the country. The high fibre biscuit will also possess several health benefits.","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46136883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Emerging Economic Interests on Management of Resource Access in Awoja Watershed","authors":"C. Aben, J. J. Okiror, J. Agea","doi":"10.24203/AJAFS.V6I5.5471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/AJAFS.V6I5.5471","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the contextual circumstances that define access in Awoja watershed, particularly the constellations of means, relations, and processes that enable various actors to derive benefits from resources in the Watershed. The objective of the study was to identify the influence of emerging economic interests on managing the access to resources in the watershed, thereby linking resource exploitation to watershed degradation. The study was carried out in Soroti, Katakwi and Amuria the hot spots of draughts and floods and the increasing degradation in Awoja. A cross sectional study design using both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods was employed. Factor Analysis and a Logistics Regression Model were used to analyze household survey data gathered from 180 randomly selected households. Focus Group Discussions and key informants’ interviews were also used to generate qualitative data used to explain relationships among variables and to analyze local perceptions on the relationships.From the factor analysis seven factors were perceived to have been linked to management of access to watershed resources of which four factors were significantly correlated: Increasing interests in watershed resources (r=0.425 P<0.001), stakeholder conflicts of interests (r=0.379 P<0.01), changes in economic trends in the watershed (r=0.482 P<0,001), and household wealth status (r=0.253 P<0.01). From the Logistical Regression results, increasing interests in the wetlands had significant negative influence on control of access to watershed resources.While changes in household needs, household wealth status and civil society interests in the watershed had increasing influence on watershed management the rest of the factors had a decreasing influence on watershed management.From focus group discussions and Key Informants Interviews revealed that commoditization rice and charcoal, fuzzy environmental protection rules and elite capture by watershed management institutions were some of the main emerging practices linked escalating degradation in Awoja. Dye to the increasing economic interests by communities and local leaders in Awoja watershed resources, reducing both degradation and marginalization of within the watershed can only be possible if a diversification program with alternative livelihoods are introduced within the watershed.","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49517496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Rhizosphere’s Thermal Change on the Development and Production of Hydroponically Grown Cucumber under Controlled Environment","authors":"M. A. Rawahy, Salem A. Al Rawahy, Y. Al-Mulla, S. Nadaf","doi":"10.24203/AJAFS.V6I4.5410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/AJAFS.V6I4.5410","url":null,"abstract":"The easier and more economical control of root-zone temperature (RZT) as compared to that of other environmental factors such as air temperature could be an effective solution to temperature stress for the crop plants in hydroponics. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of root-zone temperature on the growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants in recirculating hydroponic system under greenhouse of dimension, 9m x 30m during three cropping periods of the year in Oman viz. summer (June-August), fall (September-November) and spring (February-May) during year 2016/2017 at Directorate General Of Agriculture and Livestock Research of the Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries located at Rumais Barka of Oman. The plants were grown in perlite medium at root-zone cooled temperatures of 22áµ’C, 25áµ’C, 28áµ’C treatments besides the control i.e. root-zone uncooled temperature of 33áµ’C as control treatment. The treatments were arranged in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications. The results indicated that the crop at root-zone temperatures of 22áµ’C and 25áµ’C gave the superior performance in terms of plant height, leaf number, chlorophyll content, leaf area cm2, fruit number/m2, yield in ton per greenhouse (t/gh), fresh and dry weight of shoot and root with significant differences between the treatments in all three periods. Fruit yield varied from 4.5t/gh to 6.4t/gh for root-zone temperature (RZT) and from 4.2 t/gh to 6.8 t/gh for the cropping periods. The higher yields of 6.4 t/gh and 6.4t/gh were found under RZT of 22áµ’C and 25áµ’C, respectively and were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that under control (33áµ’C; 4.5t/gh). In respect of cropping periods, the crop during fall period (February-May) gave higher fruit yield (6.8t/gh) than that during summer period (4.2t/gh).  Thus the results indicated that cooling of root-zone temperature through nutrient solution is essential during high temperatures of summer (June-August) in Oman. ","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44946758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat Induced Changes of Peda as Determined by Microstructure and Texture","authors":"S. Das, A. Bandyopadhyay, P. Ghatak","doi":"10.24203/AJAFS.V6I4.5369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/AJAFS.V6I4.5369","url":null,"abstract":"Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to study the relationship between submicroscopic structure and macroscopic properties occurred during processing of peda, a popular heat desiccated Indian dairy confection. Various components of milk undergo complex interaction amongst themselves due to prolonged heat treatment and with the added sugar molecules. An investigation was therefore carried out to study the sub-microstructure of peda to determine the internal structure and better understanding of the typical body & texture of this traditional Indian sweet delicacy. The microstructure of peda reveals that the extensive heat treatment causes formation of casein-whey protein complexes which ultimately fused with lactose and sugar. The coalesced protein agglomerated as thick bridges. Large aggregates of lactose crystals and more void space was found in market peda which might be due to un-uniform kneading during processing. The textural properties differed markedly in laboratory and market peda. High hardness, fracturability, gumminess and chewiness and low springiness and cohesiveness of market peda might be due to extensive heating and lack of compactness. It was evident from SEM that the compactness of the network in market peda was lower as compared to laboratory samples and presence of scale or layer type structure in market samples indicated overheating of the product. ","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46114080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}