Journal of osteoporosis and physical activity最新文献

{"title":"Bone Mineral Density in Prader Willi Syndrome: A Search for Genetic Markers","authors":"G. Altarescu, Gross-Tsur, Hirsch Hj, A. Zimran, A. Weintraub, T. Eldar‐Geva","doi":"10.4172/2329-9509.1000187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9509.1000187","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS (is caused by lack of paternally expressed imprinted genes at chromosome 15q11.2-q13. Diminished (BMD) and osteoporosis are common in PWS. The purpose of this study was to determine whether polymorphisms in genes previously shown to correlate with bone mineral density (BMD), might explain the variable expression of abnormal BMD in PWS. \u0000Material and methods: Blood samples were collected from 96 PWS individuals aged 3.5-47.9 (median 14.4) years. DNA samples were tested for 12 polymorphisms in 8 candidate genes: interleukin-1 (IL1-alfa, IL1-beta and IL1RN), CYP1A1, Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 5 (LRP5), vitamin D receptor (VDR), RANK and RANKL. All patients underwent BMD measurements at the femoral neck and lumbar spine using a hologic dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) machine. \u0000Results: Abnormal BMD was defined as Z-score <-1.5. Severe reduced BMD as Z-score <-2.5. 67 subjects (70%) had abnormal BMD (youngest 3.7 years old), 25 (26%) had severely reduced BMD (youngest 6.8 years old). BMD correlated negatively with age (p<0.001) and BMI (p=0.006). BMD showed significant correlations with genotypes IL1 alpha C889T (p=0.031), Cyp1A1 C4887A (p=0.04) and VDR FOK I (ff /Ff/FF) (p=0.002); FF genotype has a protective effect. \u0000Conclusion: Individuals with PWS have low BMD/osteoporosis at a markedly younger age than the general population. The significant correlation between VDR genotypes and BMD is not specific for PWS. Recommendations including vitamin D, calcium, exercise and specific drugs which slow bone loss or build new bone and hormone replacement should be considered in PWS individuals, particularly patients with the high-risk genetic polymorphisms.","PeriodicalId":92253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of osteoporosis and physical activity","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-9509.1000187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46131160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fish Oil with Higher DHA Content and Voluntary Exercise Decreases Postmenopausal Bone Loss","authors":"J. Banu, G. Fern, Es","doi":"10.4172/2329-9509.1000188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9509.1000188","url":null,"abstract":"There is increasing evidence suggesting that fish oil (FO) decreases bone resorption by reducing osteoclastogenesis and regular exercise (EX) increases bone mass. EX is associated with increasing bone formation. Therefore, the combined effects of FO intake and EX may have additive effects by both increasing bone formation and decreasing bone resorption. To demonstrate this, we studied the effects of FO and EX on the bone of mice after an ovariectomyinduced bone loss. Twelve months old C57BL/6 female mice were either sham operated or ovariectomized, divided into different dietary and EX group and maintained for 3 months before sacrifice. The distal femoral metaphysis (DFM) showed significantly higher total BMC in both the FO sham sedentary groups. 30/20 ovariectomized sedentary mice had higher total bone mineral content (BMC). EX significantly increased BMC in the control and one of the FO ovariectomized (18/12) groups. The total bone mineral density (BMD) was higher in both the FO ovariectomized mice. EX significantly increased BMD in the control and combination with 18/12 ovariectomized groups. Cortical BMC increased after EX with both FO diets. The DFM showed no significant changes in the trabecular thickness. However, the trabecular number increased in mice fed both FO diet and on EX. Trabecular separation was decreased in the control and 30/20 FO-fed animals but increased in the 18/12 FO-fed mice. In conclusion, in the distal femoral metaphysis, FO-fed mice showed increased BMD. In combination with EX, the 30/20 FO-fed mice showed higher trabecular number and cortical bone mass as well as decreased trabecular separation.","PeriodicalId":92253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of osteoporosis and physical activity","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-9509.1000188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45283415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weighted Vest Use during Dietary Weight Loss on Bone Health in Older Adults with Obesity.","authors":"Jessica L Kelleher,&nbsp;Daniel P Beavers,&nbsp;Rebecca M Henderson,&nbsp;Dixie Yow,&nbsp;Charlotte Crotts,&nbsp;Jessica Kiel,&nbsp;Barbara J Nicklas,&nbsp;Kristen M Beavers","doi":"10.4172/2329-9509.1000210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9509.1000210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To examine the effects of daily weighted vest use during a dietary weight loss intervention, on (a) hip and spine bone mineral density (aBMD), and (b) biomarkers of bone turnover, in older adults with obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>37 older (70.1 ± 3.0 years) adults with obesity (BMI=35.3 ± 2.9) underwent a 22 week dietary weight loss intervention (1100-1300 kcal/day) with (Diet+Vest; n=20) or without (Diet; n=17) weighted vest use (goal: 10+ h/day; weight added incrementally based on amount of weight lost). Total body weight; DXA-acquired aBMD of the total hip, femoral neck and lumbar spine; and biomarkers of bone turnover (OC, BALP, P1NP, CTX) were measured at baseline and follow up. General linear models, adjusted for baseline values of the outcome and gender, were used to examine intervention effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Average weight loss was significant in both groups (-11.2 ± 4.4 kg and -11.0 ± 6.3 kg, Diet+Vest and Diet groups, respectively), with no difference between groups (p=0.91). Average weighted vest use was 6.7 ± 2.2 h/day. No significant changes in aBMD or biomarkers were observed, although trends were noted for total hip aBMD and BALP. Loss in total hip aBMD was greater in the Diet group compared with Diet+Vest (Δ: -18.7 [29.3, -8.1] mg/cm² versus -6.1 [-15.7, 3.5] mg/cm²; p=0.08). BALP increased in the Diet+Vest group by 3.8% (Δ: 0.59 [-0.33, 1.50] μg/L) and decreased by -4.6% in the Diet group (Δ: -0.70 [-1.70, 0.31] μg/L, p=0.07).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Weighted vest use during weight loss may attenuate loss of hip aBMD and increase bone formation in older adults with obesity. Further study is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":92253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of osteoporosis and physical activity","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-9509.1000210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35782703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key Determinants of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Spontaneous Healing","authors":"T. Kokubun, N. Kanemura, K. Murata, H. Shono, Takuma Kanoh, Y. Oka, K. Ozone, Y. Morishita, H. Hayashi, K. Takayanagi","doi":"10.4172/2329-9509.1000208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9509.1000208","url":null,"abstract":"Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are known to have very low rates of spontaneous healing. There have been several studies since the mid-1960s concerning the approaches to accelerate spontaneous healing of ACL injuries. Recent studies have identified similarities in the healing response of ACL and other extra-articular ligaments, in terms of their cellular response and vascularity. Research has demonstrated that mechanical stress has an important influence on the biological response of tissue healing. Novel treatment approaches may exploit the role of mechanical loads on the regulation of gene expression in achieving spontaneous healing of injured ACL. This article reviews the determinants of the ACL healing response and their relationship to mechanical stress and spontaneous healing, and explores novel concepts that are emerging in the management of ACL injuries.","PeriodicalId":92253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of osteoporosis and physical activity","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70288985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteoporosis and Fracture","authors":"S. Hurwitz","doi":"10.4172/2329-9509.1000186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9509.1000186","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of osteoporosis and physical activity","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70288930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Failure Analysis following Osteochondroplasty for Hip Impingement in Osteoporotic and Non-osteoporotic Bones","authors":"D. Jimenez-Cruz, M. T. Alonso-Rasgado, C. Bailey, T. Board","doi":"10.4172/2329-9509.1000185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9509.1000185","url":null,"abstract":"Femoral osteochondroplasty is the most common treatment for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). The risk of femoral neck fracture is increased following surgery and increases further when the bone is osteoporotic. The current requirement to undertake osteochondroplasty on patients with osteoporosis is forecast to increase; however, the effect of osteoporosis on the risk of post operative fracture is currently unknown. \u0000We developed three three-dimensional (3D) finite element models using computerised tomography (CT) scan data for a hip with cam-type impingement and used them to investigate the association between osteoporosis and the increased possibility of femoral neck fracture after femoral osteochondroplasty. \u0000Femoral osteochondroplasty was performed “virtually” on the intact hip model to two different resection depths, a ‘standard’ (6 mm) and a ‘critical’ resection (12 mm) depth, corresponding to 18% and 36% of the overall femoral neck diameter, respectively. Cortical and trabecular bone were included in the intact and resection hip models, and material properties representing both non-osteoporotic and osteoporotic cases employed, overall, 18 scenarios were analysed. Loading corresponding to “descending stairs” and “stumbling” activities were applied in the models enabling fracture propensity to be estimated. \u0000Our model predicted that fracture propagation can occur in the bone of osteoporotic patients following osteochondroplasty during typical daily activities, such as descending stairs. \u0000The level of damage increases significantly when patients are subjected to high load conditions and activities, even in non-osteoporotic patients, indicating an increased likelihood of fracture occurring. In the “stumbling activity” simulation, osteoporotic trabecular bone damage volume approached 50% for the 6 mm resection, rising to 70% at a resection depth of 12 mm. The corresponding rise in osteoporotic cortical bone volume damage was from 6% to 10%. \u0000Our findings support the recommendation for protected weight-bearing in patients in the postoperative phase and suggest an extended period of protected weight-bearing in osteoporotic patients could be considered.","PeriodicalId":92253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of osteoporosis and physical activity","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70288898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone Cell Response to Physical Activity","authors":"M. DíazCuriel, R. SierraPoyatos","doi":"10.4172/2329-9509.1000184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9509.1000184","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of osteoporosis and physical activity","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-9509.1000184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70288890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Adherence in Osteoporosis Treatment Drugs","authors":"Federico Hawkins, Fern, O. Jiménez","doi":"10.4172/2329-9509.1000E114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9509.1000E114","url":null,"abstract":"Federico Hawkins1* and Fernando Escobar Jimenez2 1Services Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre in Madrid, Spain 2Services Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital San Cecilio in Granada, Spain *Corresponding author: Hawkins F, Services Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre in Madrid, Spain, Tel: +34 913 90 80 00; E-mail: federico.hawkins@salud.madrid.org","PeriodicalId":92253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of osteoporosis and physical activity","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-9509.1000E114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70289016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineral Density Levels in Male and Female Collegiate Cross Country Runners: Is there Reason for Concern?","authors":"Carter M Denne, J. Ross, Aubrey Bledsoe, Nathan Wooten, Katherine V. Adair, Heath Thornton, P. Brubaker","doi":"10.4172/2329-9509.1000183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9509.1000183","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The results of several recent studies have questioned the consequences of high levels of running on bone mineral density (BMD). Elite endurance athletes experience high physiological stress which may negatively impact bone health. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the change in BMD in male and female Division I collegiate runners during a competitive Cross Country (CC) season. Methods: T wenty-three (1 1 male and 12 female) Division I collegiate CC runners (ages 18-22 year) were recruited for this study. Total/regional BMD and body composition was determined using dual x-ray absorptiometry. Caloric intake and running mileage was obtained from self-reported diet and training logs. All measures were performed prior to the start (pre) and immediately following (post) a three month collegiate CC season. Results: Males did not demonstrate any significant changes in body composition from pre-post CC whereas females had a significant increase (2.7 ± 1.7 lbs or 2.1%) in total mass, with non-significant increases in fat free and fat mass. From pre- post CC, males did not have any significant changes in bone density whereas females had a statistically significant decrease in bone density of lumbar vertebrae. While no other changes in total or regional BMD were observed, ~ 50% of the both male and female athletes tested in this study had total BMD lower than the age-based reference value. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that a single competitive CC season can result in a decrease in the lumbar spine BMD in female collegiate distance runners. Moreover, this study revealed that a large percentage (~ 50%) of both male and female distance runners had lower than age-adjusted normal BMD level, raising concerns about long-term bone health in these athletes. Verification of these findings in a larger more diverse population of young athletes is warranted to determine the long term consequences of distance running on bone health.","PeriodicalId":92253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of osteoporosis and physical activity","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70288823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Orthopedic Surgeons Role in the Care of Fragility Fractures","authors":"Edgington Jp, Curtis Dm, Bawaskar Hs","doi":"10.4172/2329-9509.1000182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9509.1000182","url":null,"abstract":"Osteoporosis currently affects over twelve million Americans with another forty million affected by osteopenia or low bone mass [1]. Low bone mineral density has long been known to increase the risk of fragility fracture defined as “any fracture caused by injury that would be insufficient to fracture a normal bone”, typically occurring in the hip, vertebrae, wrist, and proximal humerus [2]. The annual incidence of fragility fractures is estimated at two million, with projections of an almost 50% increase in fractures and associated costs by 2025 [3]. At an incidence of two million new fractures per year this problem supersedes the combined incidence of heart attacks, stroke, and breast cancer [4]. After myocardial infarction, studies show beta blockers are initiated in approximately 85% of patients [5]. In contrast, antiosteoporosis treatments following fragility fracture are only initiated in 19% and 10% of privately insured women and men, respectively [6]. Bawa et al. showed that initiating anti-osteoporotic treatment after fragility fracture leads decreased risk of subsequent fracture by 40% within three years [7]. Within the United States, the cost of subsequent fractures is significant to commercial insurances and Medicare with estimates as high as $834 million and $1.13 billion, respectively [8]. The substantial osteoporosis-related health and economic impact on society has led to a heightened call for intervention at all levels of care. As the providers who care for these patients at the time of fracture, the onus is on orthopedic surgeons to help coordinate effective diagnostic and treatment strategies.","PeriodicalId":92253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of osteoporosis and physical activity","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-9509.1000182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70288759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}