Journal of biology and nature最新文献

{"title":"Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Porogobius schlegelii and Bathygobius soporator from Buguma Creek, Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"Abu, O. M. G., Lazarus, O. T., Nwalewe, R. T.","doi":"10.56557/joban/2023/v15i28358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/joban/2023/v15i28358","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated the length-weight relationship and condition factor of two fish species Bathygobius soporator and Porogobius schlegelii, in Buguma Creek. Over a three-month period (March – May 2018), 2000 different size fish samples each of B. soporator (1000) and P. schlegelii (1000) were collected by artisanal fishermen in Buguma Creek. The study collected total length and total weight data using a meter ruler and a digitally sensitive scale (Sartorius Model H987) for each species allowing determination of the growth exponent(b), coefficient of determination (r2) and mean condition factor values for the fish species. The study found that B. soporator ranged in total length from 7.00 to 18.80cm and from 2.00 to 14.70g, while P. shlegelli measured 4.50 to 11.50cm and weighed 1.30 to 7.10g. The growth exponent (b) ranged from 1.77 to 2.64 for B. soporator and 1.26 to 2.41 for P. schlegelli, indicating a negative allometric growth pattern for the two species, while the r2 values for B. soporator ranged between 0.61 and 0.89 and for P. schlegelli between 0.52 and 0.81 in Buguma Creek. The mean condition factor values for B. soporator ranged from 0.88 to 1.51, while for P. schlegelli it ranged from 0.38 to 0.39, suggesting that B. soporator had a higher condition factor than P. schlegelli, indicating better health and body condition for B. soporator and raising concern for the health of the P. schlegelli population in Buguma Creek. There is therefore an urgent need to establish conservation areas or fishing restrictions to allow the P. schlegelli fish population to recover and maintain a healthy population of the creek.","PeriodicalId":92230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biology and nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135033913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Bacterial Quality of Indoor Air of Health Centers around Georgetown","authors":"Shamar Glasgow, R. Daniel, L. Kalicharan","doi":"10.56557/joban/2023/v15i28323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/joban/2023/v15i28323","url":null,"abstract":"Health centers around Georgetown, Guyana, are bisected with myriads of problems such as inadequate sanitation protocols and physical and environmental factors that contribute to the rise of nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to conduct a bacteriological assessment of indoor air in three health centers around Georgetown, Guyana. This research was conducted under a cross-sectional study design for a period of one month. Nutrient agar plates were exposed for 30 minutes twice a day over three days. Subsequently, plates were incubated at 37℃ for 24-48 hours, and the number and types of bacteria were determined. The average bacterial load during the morning was 2226.33 cfu/ m3 and 2032.33 cfu/m3 in the afternoon at health center 1. At health center 2, the average bacterial load was 859 cfu/ m3 in the morning and 755.75 cfu/ m3 in the afternoon. At Health Center 3, the bacterial averages were 807.67 cfu/ m3 and 1317.59 cfu/ m3 for morning and afternoon sampling times, respectively. Isolated bacteria were identified by morphological characteristics, gram staining and biochemical tests were also carried out. The bacterial isolates included Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Micrococcus spp., Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., Proteus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter aerogenes. Favorable conditions and environmental factors for the growth and multiplication of bacterial microbes in the air, like ventilation, lower temperature, poor sanitation, sanitation, attached toilets, and frequency of persons present, were observed during the survey. The findings contribute to an array of nosocomial infections that can be detrimental in severe cases.","PeriodicalId":92230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biology and nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44394508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Acute Toxicity of Fenvalerate on the Larval Stage of the Mediterranean Flour Moth, Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)","authors":"Mohammad Asadi","doi":"10.56557/joban/2023/v15i28317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/joban/2023/v15i28317","url":null,"abstract":"The Mediterranean flour moth or mill moth (Ephestia kuehniella Zeller) from the family Pyralidae is a common pest of cereal grains, especially flour. This moth is found throughout the world, especially in countries with temperate climates. Fenvalerate is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide which is a mixture of four optical isomers with different insecticidal activities. In this research, the acute toxicity of this insecticide was investigated on the larval stage of E. kuehniella during 24h and 48h, in two replications. Accordingly, the LC30 in 24h and 48h were determined as 389.67 and 271.30 mg.a.i/ L. During these times, LC50 values being 690.71 and 502.91 mg.a.i/ L, respectively. Finally, LC90 was determined as 2797.94 and 2272.71 mg.a.i/ L for 24h and 48h. The results showed that this insecticide has suitable toxicity on this pest and can be recommended against it.","PeriodicalId":92230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biology and nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48132443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Floral Nectar Production of Jaltomata grandiflora, a Rare Mexican Nightshade","authors":"T. Mione, Jillian P. Dow","doi":"10.56557/joban/2023/v15i28263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/joban/2023/v15i28263","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding morphological, phenological, or chemical characters that promote reproduction, or limit it, is particularly important for rare plants. Jaltomata grandiflora is a rare member of the nightshade family (Solanaceae) from Mexico. In floral nectar, the mean cumulative sugar content per flower was 0.9 mg during the pistillate phase (day 1) and was significantly higher (1.25 mg) during the hermaphroditic phase (day 2). The mean cumulative nectar volume per flower was 0.99 µL during the pistillate phase and was higher (1.36 µL) but not significantly higher during the hermaphroditic phase. The mean sugar concentration (oBrix) was 67.8 during the pistillate phase and slightly higher (70.3) but not significantly higher during the hermaphroditic phase.","PeriodicalId":92230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biology and nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48180816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Flour Addition Carrot, Spirulina, and Pumpkin Infeed on Color Brightness and Performance Growth of Koi Fish Seeds (Cyprinus carpio)","authors":"Muchammad Islachuddin, D. Chilmawati, I. Samidjan","doi":"10.56557/joban/2023/v15i28267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/joban/2023/v15i28267","url":null,"abstract":"Koi Fish (Cyprinus carpio) is an attractive and relatively expensive ornamental fish because of its color, but fish cannot synthesize their own pigment colors except for black and white, so they need feed ingredients containing β-carotene (such as carrots, spirulina, and pumpkin). This study aims to determine the effect of adding carrot, spirulina, and pumpkin flour types to feed on the color brightness and growth performance of koi fish seeds. The study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 3 replications: treatment A (without adding flour), treatment B (5% carrot flour), treatment C (1% spirulina flour), and treatment D (pumpkin flour). yellow 15%). Kohaku type koi seeds measure 7.18 ± 0.58 cm. Variables considered included total feed consumption, color values, number of chromatophore cells, relative growth rate (RGR), absolute length growth, survival recovery, and air quality. The results showed that the bes treatment was 5% carrot flour with a TKP value of (38.44 ± 1.02) grams, the difference in hue values (2.5 ± 0.05), the number of chromatophores (776), the difference in colour values (2.5 ± 0.05), the number of chromatophores (776±38.08) cells, relative growth (RGR) of (1.02±0.76)%/day, and absolute length of growth (0.99 ± 0.07) cm. The water quality results obtained were temperatures ranging from 25.9-27.9oC, pH 8.0-8.5 and DO 5.4-8.0 mg/L. Concluded that the addition of carrot, spirulina and pumpkin flour to the feed had a significant effect on the brightness of the color of koi fish, but had no significant effect on growth performance.","PeriodicalId":92230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biology and nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44132751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity and Density of Small Mammal Species with Different Seasons and Habitats in Federal University Gashua, Yobe State, North-east Zone of Nigeria","authors":"L. I. Adam, J. Eveso, A. Mohammed","doi":"10.56557/joban/2023/v15i28219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/joban/2023/v15i28219","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined diversity and density of small mammal species with different seasons and habitats in Federal University Gashua, Yobe State, North-East, Nigeria. The university environment was divided in to four (4) habitat types, namely; University residential area (URA), Acacia woodlot (AWL), Lake Area (LA) and Farm Land (LF) were used for the study. Small Mammal species survey was carried out for the period of six (6) months from August to October, 2022 (wet season) and January, to March, 2023 (dry season). Capture Mark–Recapture (CMR) and indirect observations methods were adopted; Survey was conducted using spring door traps of different sizes set at the habitat types during late evening hours 6:00 pm and checked in the morning hours from 6:00-8:30am for four (4) days per week with each habitat types being visited one day per week, making total of (96) man-days. Each habitat type was visited twice a day (morning and evening) which gave a total of (65;60) trapping night in both wet and dry seasons, the number decreased to 60 trapping night in the dry season was due to the wearing a way of vegetation cover. (32) Visits per habitat types and one (1) night survey per month. A total of ten (10) species of small mammals belonging to ten (10) families and seven (7) orders were recorded in the study. African Hedgehog Atelerix albiventris and White toothed shrew Crocidura flavescens  were the most occurring species across The findings of the study shows that the overall diversity index was (1.692), where Four-toed hedgehog Atelerix albiventris had the highest species diversity90.363) and estimated population density of (64.44) followed by Giant pouched rat Cricetomys gambianus with (0.277; 0.018) respectively, Cape hare Lepus capensis and Mongoose Herpestes ichneumon who’s having the lowest diversity of (0.017) with (0. 564) density each in the study area. The month of February has higher number of captured percentage with (24%) in dry season, followed by October with (19%) in the wet season, the lowest capture percentage occurred with August (14%) in the wet season. University Residential Area had more number of individual species having (37.82 %), while Farm land had the least captured percentage of(16.85%).The trap success in both wet season and dry season’s period were (33.04%; 21.67%)respectively. Habitat alteration and destruction due to ongoing constructions project, mainly for university deployment might have accounted for small mammal species low diversity and density in Federal University Gashua.","PeriodicalId":92230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biology and nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47633631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Tiphiidae Family (Insecta Hymenoptera) as Natural Enemies of Cicadas and Beetles","authors":"C. Marchiori","doi":"10.56557/joban/2023/v15i28161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/joban/2023/v15i28161","url":null,"abstract":"The females are Tiphiidae notable because they parasitize the tiger beetle lar and are powerful predators living predators that live in touch. The males are winged them spend most of their time flying or resting on the vegetation, being that the females are apterous, and invested much of their time below the surface. The larvae are parasitoids of beetle larvae (mostly scarab beetles). The objective of this paper is to determine the biology, ecology, life cycle taxonomy of the Tiphiidae Family. The methodological basis of the present work consists of bibliographical research that used the following databases SciELO, Central Library of the University of Brasília and scientific research, scientific book chapters, theses databases, university dissertations, national and international scientific articles classified by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES). The main terms used were: Hymenoptera Parasitic, parasitoid, hosts, Typhiidae and microhymenoptera.","PeriodicalId":92230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biology and nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49597283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Megalyridae and Monomachidae Families (Insecta: Hymenoptera)","authors":"C. Marchiori","doi":"10.56557/joban/2023/v15i18140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/joban/2023/v15i18140","url":null,"abstract":"Megalyridae wasps are thought to be idiobiont endoparasitoids of concealed insect larvae. Parasitoids of larvae of broaching beetles, families Bostrichidae, Buprestidae, Cerambycidae (Coleoptera), and Pemphredonidae (Hymenoptera). Little is known about the hosts of Monomachidae: The Australian species Monomachus antipodalis Westwood, 1874 acts as an egg-larval or egg-pupal parasitoid of Boreoides spp. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae, Chiromyzinae). The aim of this article is to study the characteristics of bioecology and taxonomy of the Megalyridae and Monomachidae Families (Insecta: Hymenoptera). The review was carried out in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil from November 2022 to December 2022. Study or work uses the reference of bibliographic research, understood as the act of asking and seeking information on certain subjects such as Hymenoptera Parasitica through a survey carried out in national and foreign magazines classified by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), with the aim of detecting what there is consensus or controversy in the state of the art of literature in the libraries of the University of Brasília and the University of São Paulo on websites at (LILACS) and (SciELO) and in book scientific chapters, national and international scientific articles. It is an important work, both for hymenopterologists dedicated to studying parasitoids and for other entomologists interested in the biological control of insect pests.","PeriodicalId":92230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biology and nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48074206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technology Package for Induced Mutagenesis","authors":"S. Datta","doi":"10.56557/joban/2023/v15i18077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/joban/2023/v15i18077","url":null,"abstract":"It is more than 80 years since mutagens were identified as a source of inducing genetic variability in a living system. Since then scientific community is deeply engaged to apply mutation techniques in the crop improvement program. Worldwide activities have generated a massive amount of literature and have led to the release of over 3,000 mutant plant varieties. Many research papers are published each year which are just a stereotype model year after year and we are still repeating some of our experiments as routine activities. Time has come to highlight the history of the past work, rise and fall, reality and limitations of achievements, and prospects of mutation technology.  It is now necessary to assess the present status of mutation after extensive research activities and must implement whatever correction is needed to develop a complete package of mutation technology for maximum commercial utilization of the mutation technique. The knowledge generated so far on vegetatively propagated crops, especially on ornamental crops will work as a model system to prepare a complete technology package for future need-based planning of successful and accurate application of mutation techniques in the crop improvement program.  The article will provide an authoritative review account of many important basic aspects and technical advancements in mutation technology.","PeriodicalId":92230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biology and nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48835352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Land Use Change on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties under Different Land Use System in Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia","authors":"Kabtamu Girma, F. Yimer, T. Tamirat, A. Abdelkadir","doi":"10.56557/joban/2023/v15i18076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/joban/2023/v15i18076","url":null,"abstract":"The establishment of artificial plantation using Eucalyptus globules in Ethiopia is becoming economically important for improving the livelihoods of small holder farmers. The species are adapted to different soil depths with varied responses to soil physical and chemical properties that have an implication on the proper management of environmentally sensitive areas. However, the sources of variations of soil physical and chemical properties have not been well investigated and documented for most vertisol in Ethiopia. This study was designed to investigate soil physical and chemical properties variations under different land use systems of cropland, grazing land and trees covered area with Eucalyptus globulus plantation at Gusha Temela Kebele, Arsi Zone and Oromia, Ethiopia. A total of 48 composite soil samples with 4 replicates * 3 treatments * 2 sampling plots * 2 at soil depths of 0–10 and 10–20cm were used for laboratory analysis. Some of the soil physical and chemical properties were analyzed and interpreted including soil texture, bulk density), soil moisture content, pH, available phosphorus (available P), soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio). The results showed that, except in a few cases, all considered soil properties showed significant differences with land use types and soil depths. Soil Bulk density (r=0.0002), soil moisture content (r<0.0001), soil pH (r<0.0001), available phosphorus (0.0002) and soil organic carbon (r<0.0001) were significantly varied with land use types. Textural fractions of sand, silt and clay showed no significant difference with land use types and soil depths. Although not significant, the clay content was slightly higher under grazing land. On the other hand, soil parameters including bulk density, soil moisture content, pH, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen were higher under grazing land than in the rest land use types and significantly varied with respect to soil depths; greater in the lower soil depth except for soil organic carbon and total nitrogen which were higher in the upper soil depth. The textural fraction of clay across all land use types was higher in the lower depth than in the upper surface layer which could be due to the translocation of this fine particle from the upper soil layer to the lower one. Findings of the present study indicated that land use change has more effect on soil chemical than physical parameters that grazing land is more fertile than other land use types. It implies that management practices significantly influence soil chemical properties variations especially the soil organic carbon concentrations for better employment of land management practices through implementation of climate smart agriculture.","PeriodicalId":92230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biology and nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44218392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}