埃塞俄比亚奥罗米亚地区Arsi区不同土地利用制度下土地利用变化对土壤理化性质的影响

Kabtamu Girma, F. Yimer, T. Tamirat, A. Abdelkadir
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在埃塞俄比亚,利用桉树球建立人工人工林对改善小农户的生计具有重要的经济意义。这些物种适应不同的土壤深度,对土壤的物理和化学性质有不同的反应,这对环境敏感地区的适当管理具有重要意义。然而,埃塞俄比亚大多数垂直土壤的土壤物理和化学性质变化的来源尚未得到很好的调查和记录。研究了埃塞俄比亚奥罗米亚地区古沙Temela Kebele、Arsi地区和奥罗米亚地区不同土地利用方式下的农田、牧场和蓝桉人工林土壤理化性质的变化。采用4个重复* 3个处理* 2个样地* 2个复合土壤样品,土壤深度分别为0 ~ 10和10 ~ 20cm,共48个样品进行室内分析。分析和解释了土壤的一些理化性质,包括土壤质地、容重、土壤含水量、pH、速效磷(速效P)、土壤有机碳、全氮和碳氮比(C/N)。结果表明,除少数情况外,所有考虑的土壤性质在土地利用类型和土壤深度上都存在显著差异。土壤容重(r=0.0002)、土壤含水量(r<0.0001)、土壤pH (r<0.0001)、速效磷(0.0002)和土壤有机碳(r<0.0001)随土地利用类型的不同而显著变化。不同土地利用类型和土壤深度对砂、粉、粘质组分的影响不显著。虽然不显著,但放牧条件下粘土含量略高。另一方面,放牧土壤容重、土壤含水量、pH、土壤有机碳和全氮等土壤参数均高于其他土地利用类型,且随土壤深度变化显著;除土壤有机碳和全氮在土壤表层较高外,其余土壤深层均较高。在所有土地利用类型中,粘土的质地分数在下层土壤中高于上层土壤,这可能是由于这种细颗粒从上层土壤转移到下层土壤。研究结果表明,土地利用变化对土壤化学参数的影响大于对土壤物理参数的影响,放牧土地比其他土地利用类型更肥沃。这意味着管理实践显著影响土壤化学性质变化,特别是土壤有机碳浓度,通过实施气候智能型农业,可以更好地利用土地管理实践。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Effect of Land Use Change on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties under Different Land Use System in Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
The establishment of artificial plantation using Eucalyptus globules in Ethiopia is becoming economically important for improving the livelihoods of small holder farmers. The species are adapted to different soil depths with varied responses to soil physical and chemical properties that have an implication on the proper management of environmentally sensitive areas. However, the sources of variations of soil physical and chemical properties have not been well investigated and documented for most vertisol in Ethiopia. This study was designed to investigate soil physical and chemical properties variations under different land use systems of cropland, grazing land and trees covered area with Eucalyptus globulus plantation at Gusha Temela Kebele, Arsi Zone and Oromia, Ethiopia. A total of 48 composite soil samples with 4 replicates * 3 treatments * 2 sampling plots * 2 at soil depths of 0–10 and 10–20cm were used for laboratory analysis. Some of the soil physical and chemical properties were analyzed and interpreted including soil texture, bulk density), soil moisture content, pH, available phosphorus (available P), soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio). The results showed that, except in a few cases, all considered soil properties showed significant differences with land use types and soil depths. Soil Bulk density (r=0.0002), soil moisture content (r<0.0001), soil pH (r<0.0001), available phosphorus (0.0002) and soil organic carbon (r<0.0001) were significantly varied with land use types. Textural fractions of sand, silt and clay showed no significant difference with land use types and soil depths. Although not significant, the clay content was slightly higher under grazing land. On the other hand, soil parameters including bulk density, soil moisture content, pH, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen were higher under grazing land than in the rest land use types and significantly varied with respect to soil depths; greater in the lower soil depth except for soil organic carbon and total nitrogen which were higher in the upper soil depth. The textural fraction of clay across all land use types was higher in the lower depth than in the upper surface layer which could be due to the translocation of this fine particle from the upper soil layer to the lower one. Findings of the present study indicated that land use change has more effect on soil chemical than physical parameters that grazing land is more fertile than other land use types. It implies that management practices significantly influence soil chemical properties variations especially the soil organic carbon concentrations for better employment of land management practices through implementation of climate smart agriculture.
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