Journal of mosquito research最新文献

{"title":"Seasonal Distribution and Micro-Climatic Factors Influencing the Abundance of the Malaria Vectors in South-East Nigeria","authors":"E. Ezihe, F. M. Chikezie, C. Egbuche, E. Nwankwo, A. Onyido, D. Aribodor, Musa Samdi","doi":"10.5376/JMR.2017.07.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/JMR.2017.07.0003","url":null,"abstract":"The longitudinal study was conducted in the South-east of Nigeria from April, 2013 to February 2014 to investigate the seasonal abundance of anophelines and their correlation with microclimatic variables. Sampling of Anopheles mosquitoes was done using WHO light traps and Pyrethrum Spray Catch (PSC). ANOVA and Spearman’s rho correlation analysis were used to analyze the link between mosquito abundance, seasonal variations, temperature and relative humidity. A total of 1,570 female Anopheles mosquitoes, representing 4 species were collected. Seasonally, the collections made reflected a sigmoid curve with the peak being the late rainy season (42.42%), early rainy season (42.29%) and dry season (15.29%). There was a significant difference (P 0.05). The hourly distribution for indoor biting mosquitoes peaked at 2 am-3 am and outdoor 3 am-4 am. Using the PSC collection technique, 3 groups of Anopheles species were collected. Indoor resting density of 1 Anopheles mosquito/room/night and Man-biting rate of 5.5 Anopheles mosquito / man / night was observed. The findings in the study therefore gives a direction to take in the control of malaria vectors in Ahani Achi, Oji River of Enugu, knowing the seasonal variation of the malaria vectors, their biting behaviour, climatic exposure and the likely human behaviour that encourages the biting tendency of the mosquito.","PeriodicalId":92079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mosquito research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47229408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Larvicidal Activities against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus of Some Extracts from Amazon Edible Fruits","authors":"Patricia de Souza Pinto Hidalgo, Rita C. S. Nunomura, S. Nunomura, A. C. Pinto, W. Tadei","doi":"10.5376/jmr.2016.06.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/jmr.2016.06.0028","url":null,"abstract":"The Amazon Forest encompasses a vast diversity of edible fruits, which are very appreciated by the local population. There are few studies describing the chemical composition or the biological activities for most of the Amazonian edible fruits. On the other hand, the Brazilian Amazon region is also endemic area for most of the tropical diseases in the country. One of the most effective control is the vector control at larval stage, especially with botanicals. The larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus have been determined for the extracts and fractions of five Amazonian edible fruits: pataua ( Oenocarpus bataua ), bacaba ( Oenocarpus bacaba ), uxi ( Endopleura uchi ), tucuma ( Astrocaryum aculeatum ) and piassava ( Leopoldinia piassaba ). Lethality assay of extracts and fractions against third-instar Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae revealed that at higher concentrations (500 μg.mL -1 ), all the extracts caused 100% mortality after 48 h of exposure to larvae Culex quinquefasciatus . The tested extracts and fractions exhibited larvicidal effects against Culex quinquefasciatus with LC 50 values between 29.7 and 157.2 μg.mL -1 . The results obtained should be of value in search for new natural larvicidal compounds.","PeriodicalId":92079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mosquito research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48151772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory Study on the Repellent Bioefficacy of Diethyl Phenyl Acetamide (DEPA) against Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus)","authors":"C. Chen, O. Wan-Norafikah, K. W. Lau, H. Lee, C. Heo, C. Leong, M. Sofian‐Azirun","doi":"10.5376/JMR.2017.07.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/JMR.2017.07.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Insect repellent has played an important role in preventing humans from insect bites. This study was conducted to evaluate the repellency effect of a repellent cream containing 20% w/v diethyl phenyl acetamide (DEPA) against Aedes aegypti . DEET (10% w/v) was used as a standard repellent in comparison with DEPA. The test procedures followed the bioassay methods of Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia (SIRIM). There was statistically no significant difference between the repellency activity of both repellents (p>0.05), indicating the repellent cream of DEPA was as effective as DEET. Treatment with both repellent cream provided 8 hours of protection, with more than 60% reduction of mosquito landing on the skin.","PeriodicalId":92079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mosquito research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41821342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residual Effectiveness of Crude Ethanol Extracts of Mature Green Fruits of Endod Phytolacca dodecandra (L' Herit) against An. gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae","authors":"J. Yugi, D. C. Anyango, H. A. Ogot","doi":"10.5376/JMR.2017.07.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/JMR.2017.07.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Mosquitoes are vectors of aborvirals and malaria and are a threat to public health. We evaluated residual effectiveness of crude ethanol extracts of Endod Phytolacca dodecandra (L’ Herit) leaves and mature green fruits in water against Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae to determine duration of protection of the extract against An. gambiae mosquitoes. Stock’s solution of 80 mg/100 mls of crude ethanol extract of mature green fruits and leaves of Endod were prepared using rain harvested water and left to stand. Six such stocks’ solutions were prepared on six separate days. Each of the stock’s solutions was serially diluted to 40, 20, 10, 5 and 2.5 mg/100 ml and poured in five sets of separate plastic containers. Each container measuring 6 cm top × 5.7 cm bottom × 3.5 cm height contained a solution of a particular concentration. Twenty L3s were exposed per container. Extracts of Neem leaves and deltamethrin were used as positive and rain water alone as negative control. WHO threshold of>80% mortality was used to assess residual effectiveness. Mortality was determined after 24 hours. Resudual effectiveness was dose dependent. As low as 10 mg/100 mls solutions of freshly to two day old preparations of crude ethanol extract of mature green fruits and leaves of Endod killed more than 80% larvae. The solutions remained effective for three day only. Effectiveness reduced rapidly after day four. Crude ethanol extracts of Endod mature green fruits and leaves have a residual period of three days in water against An. gambiae larvae.","PeriodicalId":92079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mosquito research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42439327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Meteorological Variables on Diversity and Abundance of Mosquito Vectors in Two Livestock Farms in Ibadan, Nigeria: Public Health Implications.","authors":"Opayele Adewale Victor,&nbsp;Adeniji Johnson Adekunle,&nbsp;Ibrahim Kolade Tahiru,&nbsp;Olaleye Olufemi David","doi":"10.5376/jmr.2017.07.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/jmr.2017.07.0009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was undertaken to determine mosquito vector diversity and abundance in two livestock farms with previous history of arboviral activities in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria. The influence of weather on mosquito populations was also studied. Adult mosquitoes were collected weekly in two proximate University of Ibadan livestock farms from March 2015 to February 2016 using CO₂ baited CDC light trap and human landing collection methods. Mosquitoes were identified to species using morphological keys. Relationships and interaction of temperature, relative humidity, rainfall patterns and mosquito abundance were analysed using GENSTAT 4^th edition. Among 6,195 adult mosquitoes collected, 16 species belonging to 5 genera were morphologically identified. <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> constituted the most abundant mosquito, representing 46.49% of all mosquitoes encountered. High abundance in mosquito population was noted in periods succeeding months with heavy rainfall, this is when arbovirus transmission risk is highest. A positive correlation was observed between relative humidity and abundance of <i>Mansonia</i> mosquitoes. This study shows the effect of weather on natural populations of mosquito vectors. The diverse mosquito species capable of transmitting arboviruses from animal reservoirs to human and animals in livestock farms and its environment in Ibadan, Nigeria was also revealed. There is need for intensive vector control strategies targeted at reducing mosquito populations and ultimately prevention of disease outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":92079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mosquito research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5570447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35450354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Analyses and Larvicidal Potentiality of Fruit Peel Extracts of Citrus limetta against Filarial Vector Culex quinquefasciatus","authors":"S. Mallick, U. Adhikari, Anjali Rawani, G. Chandra","doi":"10.5376/jmr.2016.06.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/jmr.2016.06.0022","url":null,"abstract":"Different concentrations of crude and different solvents viz., n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol fruit peel extracts of Citrus limetta Risso ( C. limetta ) were taken for investigation for larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 ( Cx. quinquefasciatus ) mosquito species. Crude extract showed good larvicidal activity with very low concentrations against 1 st - 4 th instars larvae. Only 3 rd instar larvae were taken for larvicidal bioassay experiments for each solvent extract. LC 50 values of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol fruit peel extracts of C. limetta were 661.27, 1268, and 939.43 ppm respectively after 24 h of exposure. No mortality was observed on control treatments. Log probit analyses, regression equations, and R 2 values of larvicidal bioassay experiments with crude and different solvent extracts were determined. Statistical justification was done through ANOVA analyses. Qualitative phytochemical analyses were carried out and detected different secondary metabolites. No mortality was observed on tested non target organisms.","PeriodicalId":92079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mosquito research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70858696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Effects of Some Plant Extracts on the Development of Culex quinquefasciatus in the Laboratory","authors":"A. E. Maghrbi","doi":"10.5376/jmr.2016.06.0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/jmr.2016.06.0036","url":null,"abstract":"Control mosquito vectors concentrated mainly on the application of broad spectrum insecticides but causes development of resistance in vector species and environmental pollution. Ethanol and acetone extracts of five species of plants, Euphorbia cotinofolia , Melia azedarach , Ocimum canum , Ricinus common and Tagetes erecta were tested in respect to their influence on the development of Cx. quinquefasciatus in the laboratory. The plants extracts were prepared by agitating the dried and ground in ethanol and acetone separately for 24 hours followed by filtration and later recuperation of solvent using rotavapor. Ten experiments were conducted, four replications in each case. For each experiment, concentration of 100 mg/L, 10 mg/L and 1 mg/L in distilled water of each plant extract was used (150 ml). 25 first stage larvae were putted in each dish of experiment and control after removing the water through the filter paper to avoid alteration the concentration of extracts. The developments of larvae were daily observed and all changes in the experimental dishes and controls were recorded. The duration of the development of pre-imaginal stages of Cx. quinquefasciatus were prolonged by both of extracts of all plants at high concentration. Also acetone extract of E. cotinofolia and ethanol extract of R. communis principally at 10 mg/L in L3 and L4. In addition, Acetone extract of R. communis and T. erecta were more effective at 10 mg/L and 1 mg/L. Mortality of larvae during development was increased in 100 mg/L of ethanol extract of E. Cotinofolia and both extracts of M. azedarach . Acetone extract of R. communis at 100 mg/L killed all larvae of first stage. The extracts of T. erecta caused high mortality in ethanol and acetone extracts 95% and 100% respectively. The results indicate that the natural insecticides could be taken in the place of synthetic insecticides and save our environment. Due to diversity of response presented, suggesting details on level of chemical of these products, for the possibility of isolation the real substances that have value for control of mosquitoes.","PeriodicalId":92079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mosquito research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70859238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Consciousness in Mosquitoes","authors":"Richa, D. Chaturvedi, S. Prakash","doi":"10.5376/JMR.2016.06.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/JMR.2016.06.0034","url":null,"abstract":"Mosquitoes are significant insect responsible for variety of fatal diseases spreading worldwide. Every strategy to control mosquito population resulted trivial as mosquito borne diseases are still causing several million deaths annually. The present study is an attempt to investigate endogenous electric and magnetic energy emission of mosquito larvae with an aim to understand the role of energy field in evolution of their fundamental biology. It will enable us to understand how electric and magnetic energy involved in their development and survival over the years. These experiments include larval population of Culex quinquefasciatus , Anopheles stephensi , and Aedes aegypti . We have studied electric energy of mosquito larvae in-vitro with improved DEI Meridian Energy Analysis Device (DEI MEAD ). Further, the magnetic field was assessed by Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID). We, therefore, could record here a significant bioelectromagnetic energy emission from the larvae population in comparison to control. Also, it was observed that with increase in larval population, their electromagnetic energy field grew stronger. It suggests that electromagnetic radiation may act as a phenomenon and in organizing the development energy field of mosquito larvae. Such endogenous energy field may indicate towards the concept of biofield in mosquitoes. It can be possible that the biofield facilitate and regulate biological functions of mosquitoes which may also be an indicator of external correlates of consciousness mosquitoes. This report is first of its kind in helping us understand the origin of consciousness in invertebrates.","PeriodicalId":92079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mosquito research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70859092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-efficacy of Risasi Electric Mosquito Mat Against Anopheles Gambiae Anthropophilic Malaria Vectors","authors":"Eliningaya Keka","doi":"10.5376/JMR.2016.06.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/JMR.2016.06.0032","url":null,"abstract":"The bioefficacy of mats prallethrin group of synthetic pyrethroid was studied against laboratory strains of Anopheles gambiae s.s..  This synthetic pyrethroid was evaluated against worn alone and work sock with DEET. Protection efficiency was highest 99.8% in Trap with Slow releasing mat, 92.5% in worn sock sprayed with DEET(20% active ingredient) and least (8.6%) in Trap with worn sock alone. The slow released mosquito electric mat has shown a very high protective efficacy than standard repellent DEET. A worn sock alone showed the normal mosquito attraction trend for all trapping hours which could be indicator of mosquito biting for unprotected group.  This study have shown Mats deterred 99.8% of the mosquitoes from been trapped on the CDC light trap for 10 hours. The use of these formulations as a control tools in reducing man-vector contact is important in controlling residual malaria transmission. In the light of these findings, a synthetic have shown to be efficient in indoor and enclosed outdoor environments against malaria and other biting mosquitoes in Tanzania.","PeriodicalId":92079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mosquito research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70859025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Larvicidal Activity of Tinospora crispa (Menispermaceae) Fruit Extract Against Filarial Vector Culex quinquefasciatus","authors":"J. K. Pal, Aniket Singh, Anjali Rawani, G. Chandra","doi":"10.5376/JMR.2016.06.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/JMR.2016.06.0035","url":null,"abstract":"Control of filarial vector; Culex quinquefasciatus larvae using target specific, non-resistant and eco-friendly phytochemicals are an alternative way to prevent the spread of this vector-borne disease. This study was carried out to assess the mosquito larvicidal potency of Tinospora crispa fruit extract against Cx. quinquefasciatus . Crude and petroleum ether extracts were examined against all larval instars. LC 50 & LC 90 values were determined through log-probit analysis. The lowest value was obtained at 72 hours of exposure in both crude and petroleum ether extracts. Regression and ANOVA analysis were also done for statistical judgement. A preliminary phytochemical analysis of the crude extract of fruits was also done to know the possible active ingredients which are believed to be responsible for larval toxicity. The analyses revealed the presence of tannin and steroid. No abnormality was seen in the motion and behaviour of non- target organisms when they were exposed to LC 50 values of crude and solvent extracts. In conclusion, T. crispa fruit extract has the potency to fight effectively against Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae.","PeriodicalId":92079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mosquito research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70859153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}