Journal of mosquito research最新文献

{"title":"Zea mays pollen for the optimization of colony rearing of Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes under laboratory conditions","authors":"J. Yugi, H. Ochanda, W. Mukabana","doi":"10.5376/JMR.2015.05.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/JMR.2015.05.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Background & objectives: Supplements that make food source attractive are crucial as they enhance consumption and optimize on nutrient acquisition from the said foodstuff. In this study we evaluate phagostimulatory effect of Zea mays pollen when given alone or together with larval diets to Anopheles arabiensis Patton ( Diptera: Culicidae)mosquitoes under laboratory conditions. Methods: Crushed silver cyprinid fish, Rastrineobola argentea and Tetramin ®  baby fish food were given together with or without Zea mays pollen or doxycycline to An. arabiensis mosquito larvae and their effect as diet sources compared. The effects were determined against larval development time and fecundity, size and longevity of emerged adult female mosquitoes. Results: Larvae provided with maize pollen alone emerged to adults that lived for 10 days compared to 12 days for Tetramin ® baby fish food and 13 day for crushed silver cyprinid fish. The differences in longevity however did not differ significantly (p < 0.05). Maize pollen in combination with either crushed silver cyprinid fish or TetraMin ® baby fish food resulted in rapid pupation. Adults emerging from maize pollen treatments though smaller in size (2.8 mm) compared to those given crushed silver cyprinid fish (3.2 mm) or Tetramin ® baby fish food (3.4 mm) lived for 10 days. Maize pollen significantly influenced time to pupation (p < 0.01), mosquito size (p < 0.001) but not adult longevity (p < 0.098). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that maize pollen enhances consumption of larval diets resulting in larger long lived female mosquitoes. Maize pollen is therefore a phagostimulant and should be harvested and incorporated in the rearing of quality mosquitoes for experimental use.","PeriodicalId":92079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mosquito research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70856734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in community perceptions on mosquito borne diseases between rural and urban localitities of Bankura District, West Bengal, India","authors":"A. Mukherjee, D. Chatterjee, Suvendu Patra, B. Mandal, Anupam Ghosh","doi":"10.5376/JMR.2015.05.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/JMR.2015.05.0001","url":null,"abstract":"The perceived risk regarding any vector borne disease depends upon the level of knowledge of the community people living there and based on the general perception of them, effective control strategies can be framed in the applied area. In the present study, a community-based cross-sectional study covering 400 peoples between an urban area (Bankura Sadar) and a rural area (Village Beliatore, Bankura) was undertaken to evaluate the level of knowledge of the community people regarding mosquito-borne diseases and locally used preventive measures. From the result of the present survey differences in the community perception between rural and urban people of Bankura were established.","PeriodicalId":92079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mosquito research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70856552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on the Mosquito Fauna of Shoreline Habitats of Orissa Coast, India","authors":"S. Dash, R. K. Hazra, S. Bisht","doi":"10.5376/JMR.2014.04.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/JMR.2014.04.0020","url":null,"abstract":"Mosquito faunatic studies were carried out in selected coastal villages of Odisha. Two thousand mosquitoes belonging to 22 species under 6 genera were collected from twelve villages of Puri and Khurda Districts of Orissa. The present investigation deciphered the dominance of Culicine mosquito species (65.59%) in the coastal districts of Orissa . The study proved the dominance of Anopheles subpictus comprising 22.73% of all mosquito population studied and about 65.6% of the overall Anophelines fauna follwed by Anopheles vagus which is dominated by 10.03%. Culex. quinquefasciatus Say and the C. vishnui Theobald group are the common Culicines comprising 17.55% and 10.03% respectively. The species of Armegeres group are also equally prevalent as the Genus Culex . Shanon diversity index of the mosquito species of the two districts has been studied. Khurda District was significantly higher than the diversity in the mosquito community of Puri District of Odisha, India. The changes in mosquito fauna observed from the Orissa coastal area and Chilika Lake are due to the major ecological changes, extensive use of insecticides and development in agricultural practices, industrial development, natural calamities like severe cyclones, after effects of tsunami.","PeriodicalId":92079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mosquito research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70856108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mosquito larvicidal potentiality of wild turmeric, Curcuma aromatica rhizome, extracts against Japanese Encephalitis vector Culex vishnui group","authors":"S. Mallick, Kuntal Bhattacharya, G. Chandra","doi":"10.5376/JMR.2014.04.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/JMR.2014.04.0019","url":null,"abstract":"One of the promising ways to reduce mosquito population is the use of larvicide. Curcuma aromatica is a cosmetic herb in South Asia . The present study was conducted to explore the larvicidal effect of Curcuma aromatica rhizome extracts against the Culex vishnui group. To assess the larvicidal activity, crude extracts of rhizome of Curcuma aromatica were prepared ranging from 0.02% to 0.1% concentrations against all the instars of Cx. vishnui larvae. Active fractions were obtained by using six different solvents i.e. petroleum ether, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform: methanol (1:1 v/v), acetone, and absolute alcohol from non-polar to polar fashion. All the solvent extractives were tested against all the larval instars with graded concentrations ranging from 20 ppm to 100 ppm. Through log–probit analyses, LC 50 and LC 90 values were determined. Afterwards the statistical justifications were done by ANOVA analyses with reference to time, concentrations and larval instars as three entirely randomized autonomous variables. Furthermore the bioactive fraction was tested against non-target organisms under laboratory conditions. Maximum mortality was recorded in 0.1% concentrations of crude rhizome extracts against all the instars. Ethyl acetate extractives were found to have good larvicidal effect only among all the solvent extractives. The LC 50 and LC 90 values of 3 rd instars larvae were 17.25 ppm and 78.02 ppm respectively after 72 h of post exposure.The non-responsiveness of the non-target populations towards extractives was also noticed. The rhizome extracts of Curcuma aromatica can be used as an alternative larvicide against the JE vector Cx. vishnui group.","PeriodicalId":92079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mosquito research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70856394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knockdown effect of crude ethanol extracts of Phytolacca dodecandra on Anopheles gambiae adults","authors":"Yugi J.O., Okeyo-Owour J.B., Atieli F., Amito R., Vulule J.M.","doi":"10.5376/JMR.2014.04.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/JMR.2014.04.0018","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This study reports on knockdown effect of ethanol extracts of leaf and mature green fruits of Endod ( Phytolacca dodecandra ) against laboratory and wild laboratory reared Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. Materials and Methods : Three modeled surfaces of the size 26 x 26 cm 2 cut from plywood were used. The first was smeared with a mixture of mud and cow dung, the second was smeared with cement and the third left as it was (plain or unsmeared). The surfaces were sprayed with an approximate of 33 mls of different concentrations (80, 40, 20, 10, 5, 2.5mls) of ethanol extracts of mature green fruits and leaves of Endod, leaves of Neem and deltamethrin. Rain water alone was used as control. Three to five day old unfed female An. gambiae were exposed for five minutes to the treated surfaces, withdrawn, placed in paper cups and observed for knockdown and recovery. Results: The highest number of knockdown for the test extracts was observed for Endod leaf extracts on cement and plain modeled surfaces (100%) against wild lab reared mosquitoes and mature green fruits on modeled plain surfaces (71%) for against lab reared mosquitoes. Extracts of Neem knocked down the highest number of wild lab reared mosquitoes (90%) on mud smeared surfaces. Deltamethrin knocked down all while rain water knocked down none of exposed mosquitoes. Conclusion: Ethanol extracts of Endod knocked down An. gambiae mosquitoes rapid enough showing great potential as a future malaria vector control tool. Further purification and tests are however recommended.","PeriodicalId":92079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mosquito research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70856378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The silver cyprinid Rastrineobola argentea as the main diet source for rearing Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes","authors":"J. Yugi, Otieno-Ayayo Zn, Ochanda H, Mukabana Wr","doi":"10.5376/JMR.2014.04.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/JMR.2014.04.0017","url":null,"abstract":"Background & objectives: All organisms that are cultured for laboratory bioassays need food for sustenance and amplification of the colony to such numbers that would not compromise the progress of the research at hand. For effective turnover rate in the population generation, the diet should be such that it is readily available and provide adequate nutrients to the organisms. The aim of this study was to test and evaluate the efficacy of Rastrineobola argentea as a diet source for rearing Anopheles arabiensis Patton mosquitoes for research. Methods: Crushed fish, Rastrineobola argentea and two other commercial larval feeds (Tetramin  Baby fish food and baker's yeast) were compared for their efficacy as diet sources for feeding Anopheles arabiensis mosquito larvae. The effects of these diet types were determined against fecundity, size, longevity and male mating competitiveness.","PeriodicalId":92079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mosquito research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70856192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of Dengue Vectors during Pre- and Post-Monsoon Seasons in three districts of Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"M. Saleem, Ghulam Ghouse, D. Hussain, H. Saleem, Muneer Abbas","doi":"10.5376/JMR.2014.04.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/JMR.2014.04.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Entomological surveys were carried out on the dengue vectors ( Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus ) during the pre- and post-monsoon seasons in 2013 from different breeding places in and around the residential areas of three Punjab districts, namely Lahore (217 m), Sheikhupura (214 m) and Faisalabad (184 m) located at different altitudes. Four vector indices (house index, container index, breteau index and premises index) were used to assess the breeding potential of vectors in each district. The house index ranged from 12 to 18 % during pre-monsoon while it was from 14 and 29% due to the post-monsoon season. The container index ranged from 11.40 to 13.17% for the pre-monsoon and from 11.22 to 30.39% for the post-monsoon. Breteau index varied from 11 and 69% during both seasons and the premises index ranged from 24.40 to 44.32%. Entomological survey also revealed that in both seasons, the highest breeding potentiality was recorded in Lahore followed by Sheikhupura and Faisalabad. The high vector indices of Aedes in these areas warrant intensification of vector surveillance activities along with habitat reduction and health education.","PeriodicalId":92079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mosquito research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70856040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Larval control of Culex vishnui group through bio-active fraction of traveller's tree, Ravenala madagascariensis Sonn . (Strelitziaceae)","authors":"Kuntal Bhattacharya, I. Chandra, P. Kundu, Sayoni Ray, D. Halder, G. Chandra","doi":"10.5376/JMR.2014.04.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/JMR.2014.04.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Due to ever increasing resistance against synthetic insecticides, mosquito control is fetching a serious problem all over the world. It is imperative to manage the vector population to conquer the mosquito born diseases. The present study was carried out to assess the target specific larvicidal activity of Ravenala madagascariensis against Culex vishnui group, the vector of Japanese Encephalitis. Methods: Crude extracts of R. madagascariensis matureleaves (foliages) ranging from 0.1% to 1.0% concentrations were tested against all the larval instars of Cx. vishnui group. Solvent extractions of matureleaves were carried out through three different solvents viz. petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and acetone from non-polar to polar trend. Larvicidal activities of the active fractions were examined against all the larval instars with graded concentrations ranging from 50 ppm to 250 ppm. LC 50 and LC 90 values were determined by log-probit analyses. Further statistical justifications were done through ANOVA analyses. Effectiveness of the bioactive fractions against non-target populations was executed in laboratory conditions. Phytochemical screening of leaf extract was also carried out. Result and Discussion: At 72 hours post-exposure, highest mortality (100%) with crude extract was found at 0.5% concentrations against all the instars. Amongst the three bioactive fractions, ethyl acetate extractives showed the highest larval mortality. After 72 hours of exposure, 200 ppm and 250 ppm concentration showed 100% mortality against 1 st and 2 nd instars larvae respectively. A 96.00% reduction in 3 rd instars mosquito population was recorded after 72 hours at 250 ppm concentration. However, 4 th instars larvae were subjected to only 84.00% reduction with these experimental set up and at 250 ppm concentration. The results of log probit analyses (95% confidence level) showed that LC 50 and LC 90 values were gradually decreased with the exposure periods having the lowest value at 72 h of exposure to 1 st instars larvae followed by 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th instars larvae. Mortality rate (Y) was found to be positively correlated with the concentration (X) having a regression coefficient (R 2 ) close to 1 in each case. Phytochemical analyses revealed the qualitative presence of tannin, steroid and alkaloid free glycoside bound anthraquinones. Non target organisms were non-responsive to the bioactive fractions obtained from the plant throughout the experiment. \u0000Conclusion: From the above experiment it can be concluded that the mature leaves (foliages) of R. madagascariensis may be a superior larvicide alternative to the synthetic one.","PeriodicalId":92079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mosquito research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70855980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Mosquitoes of Anopheles gambiae Species Complex (Diptera: Culicidae) from Sudan and Republic of Southern Sudan","authors":"A. Hamza, El-Amin El-Rayah, S. Abukashawa","doi":"10.5376/JMR.2014.04.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/JMR.2014.04.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Mosquitoes of the Anopheles gambiae complex, namely Anopheles arabiensis (Patton, 1905) and Anopheles gambiae (Giles, 1902) are the major vectors of human malaria in the African continent. This study was conducted mainly to investigate the molecular biologyof members of the An. gambiae complex in Sudan and Republic of Southern Sudan. The molecular investigation involved identification of members of the An. gambiae complex using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques based on DNA specific nucleotide differences in the intergenic spacer region (IGS) of the ribosomal RNA gene claster (rRNA) and partial sequencing and analysis of IGS regions. Adult Anopheles mosquitoes were collected from four sites in Kassala State, Sudan and from one site in Western Bahr El Ghazal State, Republic of Southern Sudan. In addition, An. arabiensis specimens, obtained from Sennar town laboratory colony (Sudan) was used in the study. Collection of Anopheles mosquitoes was done by hand capture using sucking tube (aspirator) during the rainy seasons of 2008, 2009 and 2010. The molecular investigation predicts the existence of two species within the An. gambiae complex, namely An. arabiensis and An. gambiae . An. arabiensis was found as the predominant Anopheles mosquitoes in all the collection sites while An. gambiae was found sympatrically with An. arabiensis in Republic of Southern Sudan. The analysis of the IGS fragments revealed moderate level of genetic variations within and between the An. arabiensis populations. An. gambiae individuals showed high genetic similarity. The genetic analysis revealed little population differentiation ( F st=0.067) and high migration rate (Nm=3.51) which indicated high gene flow between An. arabiensis populations collected from Kassala State localities. The phylogenetic relationships between the different populations of An. arabiensis and An. gambiae were investigated. The IGS regions of rRNA gene have been shown to be powerful markers for species identification and studying the genetic structure of members of An. gambiae complex.","PeriodicalId":92079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mosquito research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70856248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical extractions from the leaves of Ravenala madagascariensis from Sundarban area and its effect on southern house mosquito ( Culex quienquefasciatus Say 1823) larvae","authors":"Kuntal Bhattacharya, Sunanda Burman, S. Nandi, P. Roy, Dipjyoti Chatterjee, G. Chandra","doi":"10.5376/JMR.2014.04.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/JMR.2014.04.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Vector control is a major issue mainly in this time when resistance to chemical insecticides leads to a greater problem. For an alternative measure novel botanical sources can be used as a good insecticide with less toxic hazards to the environment and public health. The present study estimated larvicidal activities of the crude and solvent extracts of Ravenala  madagascariensis  against the filarial vector Culex quienquefasciatus under laboratory conditions. Crude extracts of R.  madagascariensis  mature leaves were examined for larvicidal activity against all the larval instars (1 st to 4 th ) of Cx. quienquefasciatus. Solvent extraction was carried out using three different solvents viz. petroleum ether, chloroform: methanol (1:1 v/v) and absolute alcohol. Dose dependent mortality assays were performed using the bioactive fractions of the solvent extracts. Further, determinations of LC 50 and LC 90 values were accomplished through log-probit analyses and regression analyses. The larvicidal activity of R.  madagascariensis  leaves were statistically justified through ANOVA analyses. Effects of the bio-active portion were examined on the non-target water fauna. After 72 h of exposure 78.67% mortality of 1 st instars larvae was recorded at 0.5% concentration of crude extract. 150 ppm concentration of solvent extract showed 100% mortality against 1 st instars larvae after 72 h of exposure. 200 ppm concentration was responsible for 100% mortality of 2 nd instars larvae in 72 h. 250 ppm concentration showed significant mortality against 3 rd and 4 th instars larvae. Chironomus circumdatus larvae, non target organism, exhibited no significant mortality. This experimental study was an initiative to ascertain R.  madagascariensis  as a novel resource of target specific larvicide against Cx. quienquefasciatus larvae. Key words: Ravenala madagascariensis, Culex quienquefasciatus, non-target organisms, larvicide","PeriodicalId":92079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mosquito research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70856173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}