Archives of medicine最新文献

{"title":"Editorial Note for Archives of Medicine","authors":"M. SindhuSri","doi":"10.36648/1989-5216.12.2.E-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/1989-5216.12.2.E-104","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92003,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medicine","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90147137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why is Drug-Induced Ototoxicity Still Not Preventable nor is it Treatable in 2019? - A Literature Review of Aminoglycoside and Cisplatin Ototoxicity","authors":"Cherrabi Kaoutar","doi":"10.36648/1989-5216.12.2.304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/1989-5216.12.2.304","url":null,"abstract":"Oto-toxicity is defined by cochlear and or vestibular cellular lesions due to the use of drugs. The difference in specific mechanisms, the great semi logical variability, the heterogeneity of incriminated drugs, the inaccessibility to bimolecular and histological aspects in the current clinical practice, and the diverse aspects of post-lesional evolution: Are all factors that make it challenging to have systematic diagnostic protocols and systematic consensuses of management. The possibility of replacement with less or non-toxic drugs relies on the peculiar understanding of mechanisms of action in a molecular level. Drugs with the same efficacious action and less or non-toxicity would offer a promising solution for this iatrogenic problem. For now: In most cases, these drugs are indispensable. The idiosyncratic aspect of ototoxicity, the lack of consensus on screening and diagnostic protocols and classification systems, make it difficult to have an unbiased comparability regarding the different populations studied. The pure clinical and audiometric approach is syndromic, it evaluates lesions after their onset, and the classifications that are inspired from them have little specificity, sensibility and prognostic value in early stages. The understanding of the different cellular modalities of inner ear drug-induced lesions related to each specific oto-toxic molecule, would allow: In the one hand: to establish a diagnostic test with high sensibility and specificity before the onset of irreversible cell damage. And in the other hand, would offer new insights into the possibilities of oto-protection, and specific treatment. Oto-toxicity is a fertile field of scientific research which exploration has gained momentum in the last decade; in an experimental point of view, the bimolecular approach seems to be promising: The thorough exploration of inner ear proteome, transcriptome, and genome in physiological and pathological contexts as potential biomarkers of early stages of cell lesions: The clinical application would not only allow a more specific understanding of different mechanisms of iatrogenic oto-toxicity, but also allow new insights into targeted protective and post-lesional therapies.","PeriodicalId":92003,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medicine","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74124848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Role of Arsenic Trioxide in Cancer Protection","authors":"A. Chaudhary, R. Haque","doi":"10.36648/1989-5216.12.4.315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/1989-5216.12.4.315","url":null,"abstract":"The growing frame of Arsenic is a significant public health concern now a day. Although arsenic is a well known carcinogen which leads to the induction of different types of cancers, it also been recently recommended as one of the most effectual novel anticancer agent for the treatment of various types of cancer including acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL). However the exact metabolic mechanism induces due to arsenic and its compounds are still a question to be answer. The revival of this metalloid in treating APL is a unique story in cancer therapy. Based on these facts, Here we focused the effect of arsenic trioxide alone or its combination with other existing supplements in different types of cancer, and these strategies may enlightening in near future with respect to precious uses of arsenicals as medicines for treating cancer. Along with this it also requires to understand how arsenic emphasizes its toxic effects and how its implication leads to novel therapeutic advances. Hence there is an urgent need for better understanding of paradoxical effect of arsenic which may have a potential to become an appropriate treatment of various types of malignancies. Making concern in the area, in this review we focused its targeted pathways which would be helpful in shedding light on its actual role in relation to toxicity as well as in potential drug.","PeriodicalId":92003,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medicine","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82854172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Level of Awareness and Knowledge of COVID 19 Pandemic among Syrians","authors":"L. Labban, Nasser K. Thallaj, Abear Labban","doi":"10.36648/1989-5216.12.3.309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/1989-5216.12.3.309","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted through a valid and reliable questionnaire including socio-demographic and COVID 19 knowledge data. This study investigates the level of awareness about COVID 19. This research aimed to assess the current level of awareness towards COVID 19 among Syrians through a well-designed questionnaire. Data were collected online from a sample of 400 respondents. The main objectives of this study were to study the awareness of Syrian people about the knowledge of information about COVID 19 and protection methods. The major findings of this study are that mostly people do have not awareness about COVID 19, transmission and prevention methods. The majority of the participants showed generally moderate knowledge about COVID 19. Age, education, level of education and occupation were the only significant factors that improved the level awareness. Groups of respondents of age 35-50 years, college graduates, medical professions and income over than 300,000 Syrian Pounds showed high level of knowledge and awareness of COVID 19 whereas low income and low education level respondents showed the opposite. Empowering public information regarding the epidemiology of the COVID 19 is needed. Medical profession respondents can be helpful in educating other groups and they can communicate with health care providers in order to control COVID 19 outbreak.","PeriodicalId":92003,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medicine","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89954090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Report on Metformin and Insulin Induced Hypoglycemia","authors":"A. Harikrishna, K MaheshPavan, Upajna, B NavyaDeepika","doi":"10.36648/1989-5216.12.3.307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/1989-5216.12.3.307","url":null,"abstract":"Metformin is a biguanide anti-hyperglycemic drug which is the most commonly prescribed oral agent to treat diabetes mellitus. Metformin work by decreasing hepatic glucose production, decrease GI glucose absorption, increase target cell insulin sensitivity. Insulin is the hormone produced by the pancreas that controls the levels of glucose or sugar in blood. Drug-induced low blood sugar is low blood glucose that results from taking medicine. This is a case report of 78 years old male patient who was admitted in surgical ward with a chief complaint of raw area over right forearm since 30 days and now he is diagnosed as Diabetic cellulitis of right upper limb. Before the diagnosis of diabetic cellulitis the patient was on Metformin+ glibenclamide therapy. After the diagnosis, the physician prescribed metformin along with human mixtard. Surgery was done for cellulitis of right forearm and again he is prescribed with human mixtrad for 10 days due to which FBS levels dropped. On 11th of post- surgical treatment, he is prescribed with metformin and Injection. Insulin and as a result FBS levels reached less than normal range. We conclude that ADR might have been possible with same dynamic activity medication duplication therapy of insulin and human mixtard and also due to the combination therapy of metformin and insulin. We should monitor the prescription always with drug relevant problems (DRP’s) to avoid drug induced complications in a patient.","PeriodicalId":92003,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88070808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Body Morphology on Rotation on Chest Radiograph: A Single Centre Study","authors":"Ogoke Ao, Ugwu Ac, Ugwuanyi Dc, Ohagwu Cc, M. Ogolodom, A. N. Mbaba, Maduka Bu, Obinnaya Ue","doi":"10.36648/1989-5216.12.1.303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/1989-5216.12.1.303","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chest radiograph shows the anatomical structures of the thorax and it is one of the most frequently performed radiographic examinations globally. With accurate patient’s positioning that is devoid of rotation and also putting patient’s body morphology into consideration, chest radiograph revealed significant information of most abnormalities associated with the thoracic region. This study is aimed at evaluating the impact of body morphology on rotation in PA radiographs. Materials and methods: A prospective study design was adopted in this study to evaluate the effects of body habitus and body mass index on rotation identified in chest radiographs and was conducted in single centre in Lagos State, Nigeria from September 2018 to February 2019. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Research Review Board of the study centre. The procedure for the study was adequately explained to the subjects and their consents were properly sought. All standard protocols and techniques were adopted to obtain the PA chest radiographs by qualified Radiographer. The obtained information was treated with high level of confidentiality. Variables such as age, sex, Body Mass Index (BMI), body habitus and patterns of rotation were collected using data capture sheet. The obtained data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Both descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, pie chart and bar chart) and inferential (Chi-square) statistics were used for statistical analysis with p-value<0.05 set for level statistical significance. Results: Out of 200 participants, those with normal weight were highest 60 (30%). BMI showed statistically significant relationships with right and left rotations at (p<0.05). Sthenic body habitus was highest 100 (50%). Body habitus showed statistically significant relationships with right and left rotations at (p<0.05). Of the total participants, males were 48.5% (n=97), while females were 103 (51.5%). There was statistically significant relationship between gender and rotation at (X2=69.688, df=1 and p=0.000). Out of 98 cases of rotations identified in this study, 54.1% (n=53) were found to the right when compared to rotation to the left, which is 45(45.9%). Chisquare (X2) test showed that there was statistically significance with these patterns of rotation at (X2=156.989, df=1 and p=0.000). Conclusion: Body morphology effect rotation on chest radiographs. Based on this study, we concluded that increment in BMI and body habitus are associated with increment in rotation on chest radiographs. Rotation on chest radiographs is more frequent in females. BMI, body habitus and gender should be considered when assessing a radiograph with rotation.","PeriodicalId":92003,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91337216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redefining Dialysis Facility Recommendations for Infection Prevention and Control during the Covid-19 Outbreak","authors":"I. Kawalit, Muh, Eltwal, A. Elkhatib, A. Ali, D. Ivanov, W. Hussein, Walid Aboujaoude, A. Shebani, Rania Derani, Laith Al-Rabadi","doi":"10.36648/1989-5216.12.3.308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/1989-5216.12.3.308","url":null,"abstract":"In December 2019, pneumonia cases of unknown aetiology were reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China (PRC). Its clinical symptoms are similar to those of viral pneumonia. After analysis on respiratory samples, PRC Centers for Disease Control (CDC) experts declared that pneumonia was caused by a highly contagious novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2.) The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the ongoing outbreak as a global public health emergency. Furthermore, advised, in the absence of any apparent pharmaceutical intervention, that the only strategy against (SARS-CoV-2) is to reduce the mixing of susceptible and infectious people through early ascertainment of cases or reduction of contact. Over the last month, the number of cases has risen rapidly in South Korea, Japan, Europe, and the United States. New cases are being diagnosed in the Middle East region. This is even more critical for hemodialysis patients who need maintenance hemodialysis sessions thrice-weekly, which are routinely done in close proximity to other patients in the small space of hemodialysis units. Herein, we report the opinion of a group of nephrologists with the hope that this will serve as a guideline to prepare the nephrology community to deal with this impending danger.","PeriodicalId":92003,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medicine","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88924074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging Localization of the Vertebral Level of Termination of the Spinal Cord in Adults in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"A. N. Mbaba, M. Ogolodom, R Abam, Ijeruh Oy, Okpaleke Ms, Maduka Bu, Iwuagwu Oc","doi":"10.36648/1989-5216.12.2.306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/1989-5216.12.2.306","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A wide range of variation in the termination of the spinal cord in normal adult population has been observed. Studies abound in foreign literature on the termination of the spinal cord but there is dearth of data concerning this subject in our environment. A good knowledge of the normal level of termination of the conus medullaris in our setting is imperative in every day medical practice. Aim of the study: To determine the vertebral levels of termination of the spinal cord in living adult population in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria using MRI and to compare findings with previous similar studies. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional design was adopted in this study and was conducted in a single radio-diagnostic center with MRI scanner in Port Harcourt metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Review Committee Board of the study center and the retrieved data were treated with utmost confidentiality and used for the purpose of this study only. Both T1W and T2W mid sagittal, spin-echo MR images were analyzed. The terminations of the conus medullaris were identified on sagittal images and were defined as the most distal point of the cord that could be visualized on the sagittal image. A line perpendicular to the long axis of the cord was drawn and extended to the adjacent vertebra. This location was recorded in relation to the upper, middle, or lower third of the adjacent vertebral body or the adjacent intervertebral disc. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Results: Out of the 177 study population, greater numbers of the spinal cords terminated at middle third of L1 74 (males: 35 (36.47%) and females: 39 (48.75%)) as highest and the least terminated at the L3U, which is 1 (male: 1 (1.04%). Maximum numbers of the cases were within the age group 46-55 years old, 54 (Middle third of L1=29 (16.38%, upper third of L2=6 (3.39%) and lower third of L2=4 (2.26%) and the least were within the age group 15-25 years, which is 6 (middle third of L1=3 (1.69%), middle third of L2=I (1.04%) and T12/L1 disc=1 (1.04%)). Conclusion: The average level of termination of the spinal cord in our study is at the middle third of L1 vertebral body. No gender difference in spinal cord termination. It is hoped that the finding of this study will serve as a useful guide for medical practitioners in our setting.","PeriodicalId":92003,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medicine","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90553832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Secrets of the Corona Virus: What Does Duration of Contact Mean in COVID-19","authors":"Hamzullah Khan","doi":"10.36648/1989-5216.12.3.313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/1989-5216.12.3.313","url":null,"abstract":"In Pakistan the virus entered on 26th February, 2020, when Government of Pakistan officially declared a student of university of Karachi diagnosed as COVID-19 positive, with a travel history of Iran [2]. In Pakistan the literature so for covering the prevalence and incidence is deficient and we found no published data, In Pakistan the so for reported data from government sources declares 11940 confirmed cases with 253 deaths Punjab is the province with highest number of corona cases crossing 5000 [3].","PeriodicalId":92003,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medicine","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83191752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stroke, Carotid Thrombosis and Other Thrombotic Events in Essential Thrombocythemia Patient with a High Quantity of Micromegakaryocytes","authors":"M. A. Pereira, S. Brito, Hye Chung-Kang","doi":"10.36648/1989-5216.11.2.299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/1989-5216.11.2.299","url":null,"abstract":"Essential thrombocythemia is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by thrombocytosis and possible complications such as thrombosis, hemorrhage, splenomegaly, bone marrow failure and acute leukemia. In the myeloproliferatives neoplasms, there is an increase number of dysplastic megakaryocytes, known as micromegakaryocytes and there is an association between the high expression of the JAK2V617F mutation and the presence of micromegakaryocytes in bone marrow. To date, reports and researches involving essential thrombocythemia and micromegakaryocytes are exceedingly scarce. We report a peculiar and unique case of a death of a 55-year-old man, due to stroke and carotid thrombosis, preceded by successive thrombotic events in a patient with essential thrombocythemia, JAK2 positive, with no additional risk factor, who did not respond well to standard treatment and had a high amount of circulating micromegakaryocytes in peripheral blood. This case goes beyond the known prognosis of ET and raises the discussion of new prognostic markers, such as the quantification of micromegakaryocytes and reaffirms the importance of the JAK2 mutation in the evolution of the disease. We also discuss the involvement of micromegakaryocytes in the probable mechanisms leading to our patient’s thrombotic state.","PeriodicalId":92003,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medicine","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80967699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}