Archives of medicine最新文献

{"title":"Characteristics of Progressive Systemic Sclerosis in a Cohort of Egyptian Patients","authors":"A. Mahmoud, A. Alhefny, M. Abugabal, S. Abdelmoteleb, K. F. Alhassanein, A. Abdelzaher, S. Sayed, M. Haroon, H. Soliman","doi":"10.21767/1989-5216.1000256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/1989-5216.1000256","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To estimate the frequency of epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics of progressive systemic sclerosis in a cohort of Egyptian patients. Methods: Fifty systemic sclerosis patients were included. These patients were subjected to detailed history taking, clinical and rheumatological examination, Measuring the dermal skin thickness by the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS), Nail fold capillaroscpy (NFC) and the relevant radiological, laboratory and immunological investigations. Results: Our results revealed that the mean age at time of diagnosis was 32.66 ± 13.08 with the disease durations range from 1 to 40 years with a median of five years. Male to female ratio of 1: 5.2 and 20% of patients were smokers. Skin tightness was present in all patients, the mRSS ranges from 4 to 45 with a mean of 17.48 ± 10.44. ANA was detected in 98%, RF was detected 4%, antitopoisomerase I (antitopo I) was detected in 36% and ACA was detected in 8% of patients. 96% of patient had abnormal NFC. There were statistical significant negative correlations between mRSS and both of FEV1% and FVC%. There was also a statistical significant positive correlation between mRSS and FEV1/FVC. Conclusion: This study has shown that almost our Egyptian SSC patients have ANA seropositivity, abnormal pulmonary function tests and abnormal nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC). The study revealed that anti topo I antibody seropositivity, ILD, abnormal pulmonary function tests, worsening skin score, late pattern of NFC are more common in Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis (DCSSC) than Limited Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis (LCSSC). Also ILD in SSC patients is commonly associated with antitopo I antibody seropositivity, abnormal pulmonary function tests, worsening skin score and late pattern of NFC. Therefore ANA, antitopo I, high resolution CT chest, pulmonary function test, mRSS and NFC should be considered for early diagnosis and follow up of SSC patients.","PeriodicalId":92003,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medicine","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21767/1989-5216.1000256","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72390274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Evaluation of MRI Tumor Segmentation Using Clustering Algorithms","authors":"M. SiyahMansoory, A. Allahverdy, M. Behboudi, S. Refahi","doi":"10.21767/1989-5216.1000271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/1989-5216.1000271","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) segmentation assumes great importance in research and clinical applications. The brain segmentation using MRI is challenging due to a significant amount of noise caused by operator performance, scanner, and the environment, which can lead to serious inaccuracies with segmentation. Evaluations of segmentation results in medical imaging are caused by the absence of a gold standard. So, the performance evaluation of these methods would be necessary. Methods: In this paper, the performance of clustering algorithms such as Fuzzy C-Means (FCM), Hard C-Means (HCM), and Neural Gas (NG) for tumor detection is evaluated on 100 downloaded images. For this purpose, we evaluated these 3 algorithms under noise condition, convergence speed. Compared with manual segmentation by an expert radiologist, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy are calculated for each segmentation methods. Results: It can be stated, based on the results, that among the HCM and NG algorithms, the highest degree of accuracy and robustness to noise belongs to FCM. Moreover, optimum convergence rate and iteration need to gain final result using FCM algorithm. Conclusion: All the quantitative performance analysis and visual comparisons clearly demonstrated the superiority of FCM algorithm for MRI-based tumor detection.","PeriodicalId":92003,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medicine","volume":"54 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78317786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superiority of Carboplatin-Based Doublets to Cisplatin-Based Doublets among Medicare Patients Aged 70 and Older with Advanced Lung Cancer","authors":"E. Lamont, N. Keating, C. Azzoli, rum Mb","doi":"10.21767/1989-5216.1000264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/1989-5216.1000264","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Some evidence suggests that cisplatin-based chemotherapy doublet regimens are more effective than the less toxic carboplatin-based doublet regimens for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but their effectiveness among elderly cancer patients who are treated in usual care settings is not known. Methods: We identified 13,406 elderly Medicare patients who were diagnosed with stage IV NSCLC between the years 1995-2007 in SEER regions and treated with either a cisplatin-based or a carboplatin-based doublet chemotherapy regimen in the subsequent six months. Using propensity score weighting, we balanced the two treatment cohorts with respect to observable attributes. We then estimated survival and morbidity according to treatment. Findings: Overall, patients treated with cisplatin-based doublets lived two weeks longer on average than patients treated with carboplatin-based doublets (i.e., 7.4 months vs. 7.0 months, p=0.05). For patients >70 years of age, first-line therapy with cisplatin-based doublet chemotherapy regimens was associated with increased post-treatment morbidity and lack of survival advantage compared to carboplatin-based doublet therapies. Interpretations: For patients >70 years of age first-line therapy with carboplatinbased doublet chemotherapy regimens are preferable to cisplatin-based doublet therapies given the similar survival and lower risk of hospitalization.","PeriodicalId":92003,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90891408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis B: The Past, Present and the Future","authors":"Sabrina Ma","doi":"10.21767/1989-5216.1000278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/1989-5216.1000278","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis B is an acknowledged disease which killed more than 600,000 people yearly due to the HBV related complications. The review discussed the history of HBV, its morphology, and its morphogenesis. It has also discussed the pathogenesis of the virus and the previous and current HBV screening method. Finally, the potential of DNA aptamers as the detection materials for HBV in comparison to antibodies has also been discussed.","PeriodicalId":92003,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medicine","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78172604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"External Factors that Direct the Biological Clock and Role in Treatment of Disease","authors":"E. Alemdar","doi":"10.21767/1989-5216.1000272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/1989-5216.1000272","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The purpose of this study was to identify the most suitable time periods for the treatment of diseases by considering human biological clocks and consider treatment recommendations in terms of such factors and how they influence human health and treatment. Specifically, we address how planetary rays impact specific time zones. Methods: Reference sources come from the classical period in Islamic history where studies were done in the fields of medicine and astronomy. During a certain portion of the classical period, Islamic medical scientists were also at the same time interested in astronomy. Thus, they evaluated both astronomy and medical data in the course of treatment. This study has no connection with astrology. Results: During the classical period of Islamic history, medical studies put forth that people are affected by environmental factors arising from the moon and the sun. Additionally, humans are at the same time affected by planetary movement in the solar system. To obtain an understanding of how such environmental factors influence our health, it is important to determine the operational mode and timing of hormones in relation to our biological clock, which manages bodily functions and timing of such functions in humans. Thus, the relationship between the moon, sun, and humans must be understood correctly. This study utilized modern studies of medicine and astronomy with data from classical astronomy and medicine to better understand such relationships. This approach is distinct and unrelated to astrology. Conclusion: The thesis in our study offers theoretical information for future research. We believe that the data here will be a key resource for subsequent experimentbased studies.","PeriodicalId":92003,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76934479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety, Depression and Quality of Life in Adults with Sickle Cell Disease","authors":"B. ChetchaChemegni, Kamga Olen Jpo, Um Nyobe Lj, F. NtoneEnyime, D. Mbanya","doi":"10.21767/1989-5216.1000259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/1989-5216.1000259","url":null,"abstract":"Out of the 78 patients enrolled in this study, 50% of them were males. The median age was 28.2 years. Eleven (14.1%) and 23 (29.5%) patients had anxiety and mental depression respectively. Fifty (64.1%) and 61 (78.2%) patients had a bad mental QDV and physical QDV respectively. Factors not directly linked to anxiety were: celibacy, unsatisfactory social support, the presence of complications of sickle cell disease and having children. Factors not directly linked to depression were: unsatisfactory social support, the presence of current complications linked to sickle cell disease, the number of blood transfusions received within the last 12 months, the presence of a painful crisis within the last 30 days, low age. Factors not directly linked to a bad quality of physical life were: the number of admission in emergency hospital settings within the last 12 months and increasing age. Factors not directly linked to a bad quality of mental life were: unsatisfactory social support, having a complication linked to sickle cell disease, being hospitalized and transfused blood within the last 12 months, had a crisis within the last 30 days and celibacy.","PeriodicalId":92003,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78504036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sickle Cell Anaemia- A Synopsis of the Inherited Ailment","authors":"Chatterjee A, Agrawal A, Adapa D, Sarangi Tk","doi":"10.21767/1989-5216.1000266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/1989-5216.1000266","url":null,"abstract":"Sickle Cell Anaemia (SCA) is one of the most prevalent monogenic disorders. The formation of polymerised haemoglobin leading to erythrocyte rigidity and appearance of characteristic sickle-shaped Red blood Cells (RBCs) resulting in vascular occlusion and haemolysis is central to the molecular pathogenesis of the disease. A major drawback of the disease in children is the development of cerebrovascular disease, hypoxia, and neuro-cognitive impairment. The recurrent episodes of vascular occlusion and inflammation of the vessels lead to progressive organ damage which becomes apparent with age. In addition to hydroxyurea and butyrate treatments, novel methods such as gene therapy and others to prevent complications from SCA are being evaluated. This article reviews the diagnostic approaches, therapies and advancements in SCA treatment with particular emphasis on the future perspective of research towards a cure for SCA.","PeriodicalId":92003,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medicine","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75074617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growing Challenge for Physicians: Environmental Pollutants","authors":"F. Aguilar","doi":"10.21767/1989-5216.1000260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/1989-5216.1000260","url":null,"abstract":"The case of an adolescent patient presenting with multiorgan symptoms demonstrates the importance of taking into account environmental causes as possible etiologies. Physicians must look at the “elephant in the room”, the environment where children live, for possible causes for multi-organ symptomatology. A 13-year-old Hispanic female was treated for multiple complaints since age 9, including fast heart palpitations, nosebleeds, headaches, stomach pains, body spasms, and menometrorrhagia. She was treated in a large metropolitan integrated health system by her pediatrician, a cardiologist, a neurologist, and a gastroenterologist and multiple emergency department visits. She had head CTs, X-rays, and abdominal ultrasounds done, all which were normal. At the same time, she lived 30 feet from AllenCo Energy, the operator of an oil production facility in South Los Angeles that halted operations after neighbors complained that fumes were making them sick. When AllenCo closed in 2013, her headaches, nosebleeds, abdominal pains, body spasms, and heart palpitations stopped. However, she developed asthma and nasal allergies. This case illustrates the impact of environmental pollutants on multiple organ systems. This can confuse diagnosticians to look for organspecific etiologies when the culprits are air-borne toxic emissions of petrochemicals that attack the whole organism.","PeriodicalId":92003,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medicine","volume":"167 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75189017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the Patterns and Trends of Homicide Mortality in Mexico and Colombia from 2000 to 2015 (Differences and Similarities)","authors":"Hernández Jmr, J. Campuzano, Medina Mh, L. Solorzano, Chaparro Pe","doi":"10.21767/1989-5216.1000292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/1989-5216.1000292","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Violence is a public health problem worldwide that affects many countries. Colombia has long had an armed conflict, and Mexico, in recent years, has presented a critical situation associated with drug trafficking. Objective: Analyze and compare patterns and trends of mortality between Colombia and Mexico, 2000-2015. Methods: Comparative longitudinal study that used data provided by the national entities of both countries. Analyze the causes related to violent mortality. A comparative analysis was made by country, year, age groups, causes and sex. Multivariate analysis was done, with the country as a dependent variable adjusted by sex, age groups and causes. Findings: There were 576,994 homicides: 55.6% in Colombia: The main causes of death were firearms (Colombia 82% and Mexico 62%); strangulation was major in Mexico (7.5%) compared to Colombia (1.5%). In 2000, the risk of violent mortality was six times higher in Colombia; in 2015, it was reduced to 1.5 times. In Mexico, between 2006 and 2011 there was an increase of up to 150% in mortality due to this cause. The most affected were men, in productive age, by firearms and by sharp weapons. Conclusions and policy implications: The increase in violent mortality in Mexico has been related to the fight against different forms of drug trafficking and groups outside the law; in this country, homicides suggest more suffering. In Colombia, it seems that measures such as the restriction on the carrying of weapons, state security policies since 2002 generated declines in violent mortality. Both countries need to professionalize their police forces even more, they must work to diminish the circles of impunity, corruption, weaknesses of the justice system, lack of authority, and strengthen the presence of the state in the regions.","PeriodicalId":92003,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medicine","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77381128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weight Loss vs. Heart Disease: Weight Loss is Determined by Caloric Intake. Heart Disease is Determined by Dietary Inflammatory Components. True Quantification of CoronaryArtery Disease Measured by AI Using FMTVDMand#169;and#8471;","authors":"Fleming Rm, Fleming Mr, Harrington Gm, Ayoob Kt, Grotto Dw, Chaudhuri Tk, A. McKusick","doi":"10.21767/1989-5216.1000284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/1989-5216.1000284","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Obesity is caused by eating behaviours. Adherence to all diets has been extremely poor, thus, comparative data on health effects of different diets over periods of a year or more are limited. Objective: To treat the root causes of obesity by modifying the eating behaviours and to compare the long-term (one year) cardiovascular health affects using three major types of diets under isocaloric conditions including the impact on surrogate markers and most importantly the quantitative measurement of actual coronary artery disease as quantitatively defined using FMTVDM©℗. Methods: Controlled experiment with one year of dieting and a four-month postdiet follow-up in a private practice setting. Participants: 120 obese, otherwise healthy, adults who are not being seen for other health conditions. Interventions: Participant agreement to follow and self-manage diet, physician supportive nondirective diet counseling providing follow-up at six-week intervals on food selection and portion control to achieve 1500-1600 calorie intake of assigned diet type: low-to moderate-fat, lowered-carbohydrate, or vegan. Outcomes: Adherence, weight loss, changes in 14 cardiovascular lipids and coronary blood flow health risk indices. Results: One-year body mass changes did not differ by diet (P>0.999). Effect sizes (R, R2) for differences between diets were statistically significant for all indices. Coronary blood flow, R (CI95%)=0.48 to 0.69, improved with low-to-moderate-fat and declined with lowered carbohydrate diets. Inflammatory factor Interleukin-6 (R=0.51 to 0.71) increased with lowered carbohydrate and decreased with low-tomoderate- fat diets. Conclusions: Appropriate diet and exercise with time intensive diet counseling can be effective in weight reduction and maintenance for most people. Nondirective supportive counseling leads to high diet program participant retention. One year of a lowered-carbohydrate diet significantly increases cardiovascular risks. Longterm adherence to a low-to-moderate-fat diet significantly reduces cardiovascular risk factors. Vegan diets are intermediate but close to low-to-moderate-fat in effects. Lowered-carbohydrate dieters were least inclined to continue dieting after conclusion of the study. Reductions in coronary blood flow can be reversed with appropriate dietary intervention. The major dietary effect on atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is inflammation and not weight loss.","PeriodicalId":92003,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medicine","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83149385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}