Roux's archives of developmental biology : the official organ of the EDBO最新文献

{"title":"Embryonic expression of the engrailed homologue of Rhynchosciara americana.","authors":"C E Vanario-Alonso,&nbsp;R Sutton,&nbsp;J C Carvalho,&nbsp;M Yussa,&nbsp;T M C Silva,&nbsp;E Abdelhay","doi":"10.1007/BF00377223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00377223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The segment polarity gene engrailed is involved in the determination of segment posterior identity in Drosophila. engrailed has been largely used for comparative developmental studies due to its evolutionary conservation from nematodes to humans. By in situ hybridization of an engrailed cDNA probe from Drosophila to polytene chromosomes of fourth instar larvae of Rhynchosciara americana we have shown that engrailed-like sequences must be localized in band 6 of chromosome A in this species. The pattern of engrailed protein expression during R. americana embryo development is diffuse at first evolving into a nuclear striped pattern after quite a length of time. In addition, our results suggest a possible developmentally regulated molecular modification of engrailed protein in R. americana embryos.</p>","PeriodicalId":91963,"journal":{"name":"Roux's archives of developmental biology : the official organ of the EDBO","volume":"205 7-8","pages":"432-436"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF00377223","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34822887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation of carp cDNA clones, representing developmentally-regulated genes, using a subtractive-hybridization strategy.","authors":"C J M Stevens,&nbsp;G Te Kronnie,&nbsp;J Samallo,&nbsp;H Schipper,&nbsp;H W J Stroband","doi":"10.1007/BF00377227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00377227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A subtractive-hybridization technique, combined with differential screenings and subsequent whole mount in situ hybridization (ISH) reactions, was used to isolate novel cDNA clones representing developmentally-regulated genes of carp. Small-scale differential screenings of an oocyte and a segmentation-stage cDNA library using oocyte-specific and segmentation stage-specific enriched probes, yielded 75 positive clones. ISH screening showed that 65% (15) of the oocyte-stage clones and 50% (26) of the segmentation-stage clones were indeed stage-specific. Partial sequence analysis suggests that approximately 65% of the 41 stage-specific clones represent novel genes. In addition, an Otxl clone was isolated. Two novel clones and the Otxl clone are of special interest for developmental studies. The clones represent genes that are locally expressed during embryonic development. The expression patterns of Otxl and one of the novel clones suggest functions in specification of the anterior-posterior axis. The three clones provide molecular markers for the study of gastrulation and the patterning of the a-p axis in teleosts.</p>","PeriodicalId":91963,"journal":{"name":"Roux's archives of developmental biology : the official organ of the EDBO","volume":"205 7-8","pages":"460-467"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF00377227","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34822891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The function of type IV collagen during Drosophila embryogenesis.","authors":"C Borchiellini,&nbsp;J Coulon,&nbsp;Y Le Parco","doi":"10.1007/BF00377228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00377228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A collagen gene (Dcg1) was characterized in Drosophila melanogaster and shown to encode a peptide related to vertebrate basement membrane type IV collagen chains. To study the function of type IV collagen during Drosophila development, we transformed flies with a partially truncated Dcg1 gene under the control of a heat-shock promotor. This construct induced synthesis of shortened pro-α chains which associated with normal ones and thereby caused degradation of the shortened and normal pro-α chains through a process called \"pro-collagen suicide\". A large proportion of embryos expressing the transgene developed a phenotype exhibiting absence or partial retraction of the germ band with defects in nerve cord condensation and dorsal closure. Together these results indicated that, during embryogenesis, type IV collagen was an essential guiding factor for cell-matrix interactions in morphogenetic events.</p>","PeriodicalId":91963,"journal":{"name":"Roux's archives of developmental biology : the official organ of the EDBO","volume":"205 7-8","pages":"468-475"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF00377228","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34822892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Error correction during guidance of pioneer axons in the leg of the cockroach embryo.","authors":"I Rajan,&nbsp;J L Denburg","doi":"10.1007/BF00377229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00377229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Axons of the Til and Fe2 pioneer neurons in the legs of insect embryos possess separate and highly stereotyped proximal projections towards the CNS. However, quantitative analyses of deviations from the standard paths during the period of axon growth indicate that transient errors occur unexpectedly often. The distribution of legs with axons following deviant paths among the embryos analyzed is used to determine whether these errors are caused by random developmental noise or by non-random genetic or environmental factors. During the formation of the Til pathway all the errors are characterized by defasciculation of the 2 axons, occur with an average incidence of 7% and are statistically shown to be randomly caused. In comparison, during the formation of the Fe2 pathway the errors are characterized by both defasciculation and elongation in an inappropriate distal direction, occur with an incidence of 16%, and as revealed by statistical analyses, are caused by a non-random factor. Therefore, during pathfinding by these 2 pairs of axons there is a need for error-correcting mechanisms to insure the stereotypy of the final projections. These error-correcting mechanisms are suggested to have properties similar to those producing canalization as proposed by Waddington.</p>","PeriodicalId":91963,"journal":{"name":"Roux's archives of developmental biology : the official organ of the EDBO","volume":"205 7-8","pages":"476-485"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF00377229","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34822893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of Urbain, a 20-hydroxyecdysone-inducible gene expressed during morphogenesis of Bombyx mori wing imaginal discs.","authors":"Marie Thérèse Besson,&nbsp;Pascal Chareyre,&nbsp;Gilbert Deléage,&nbsp;Jocelyne Demont,&nbsp;Brigitte Quennedey,&nbsp;Annie Courrent,&nbsp;Jacques Fourche,&nbsp;Georges Bosquet","doi":"10.1007/BF00377213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00377213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In insects, wing imaginal discs respond to the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone by initiating morphogenesis leading to the formation of the adult flight appendages. In this work we analyse the expression of a Bombyx gene, referred to as Urbain, whose cDNA had been previously isolated from wing discs (Chareyre et al. 1993). Accumulation of the 1.8 kb transcript occurs concomitantly with the increase of 20-hydroxyecdysone titer at every stage examined during post-embryonic development. In vitro, its accumulation is delayed 6-9 h after exposure to 20-hydroxyecdysone. Studies in the presence of cycloheximide have established that Urbain is a secondary response gene. The sequence of the mRNA contains a putative open reading frame of 1656 nucleotides encoding a secreted hydrophilic protein, and we suggest that the Urbain gene product plays a role in cellular mechanisms involved in morphogenesis of the epithelium.</p>","PeriodicalId":91963,"journal":{"name":"Roux's archives of developmental biology : the official organ of the EDBO","volume":"205 7-8","pages":"333-343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF00377213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34822525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of isolated sheep inner cell masses/embryonic discs in vitro.","authors":"J Karasiewicz,&nbsp;E Szablisty,&nbsp;A Guszkiewicz,&nbsp;M Kossakowski,&nbsp;G Stefanski,&nbsp;J Modlinski,&nbsp;M Reed","doi":"10.1007/BF00377224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00377224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ovine inner cell masses (ICMs)/embryonic discs cultured in vitro, in conditions copying those in which mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) arise from mouse blastocysts, give rise to ectodermal colonies. Day 10-11 ICMs/epiblasts produce ectodermal colonies sufficiently often (55-60%) for it to be considered worthwhile trying to generate presumed ESCs from them. Younger ICMs can only be taken into account if culture conditions can be improved so that ICM/ectodermal cells are more numerous. Older embryonic discs (12-13 day) are inconvenient because of the problem of endoderm overgrowing ectoderm. Secondary cultures of ectodermal colonies form epithelial or mesenchymal cells, which can be passaged at least seven times (50 days).</p>","PeriodicalId":91963,"journal":{"name":"Roux's archives of developmental biology : the official organ of the EDBO","volume":"205 7-8","pages":"437-442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF00377224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34822888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiation of the body wall musculature in Macrostomum hystricinum marinum and Hoploplana inquilina (Plathelminthes), as models for muscle development in lower Spiralia.","authors":"D Reiter,&nbsp;P Ladurner,&nbsp;G Mair,&nbsp;W Salvenmoser,&nbsp;R Rieger,&nbsp;B Boyer","doi":"10.1007/BF00377221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00377221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent studies on the differentiation of the body wall musculature in a medicinal leech and in the free-living plathelminth Macrostomum hystricinum marinum, Beklemischev 1950 provide the first evidence of a complex developmental signalling pattern, possibly involving stem cells and the nervous system, in the organization of the muscle grid formed by developing myocytes. To enhance further our understanding of the ontogenetic and phylogenetic origin of such muscle grids, which consist of circular, longitudinal and diagonal muscle fibres, we have undertaken a study of muscle development in the polyclad flatworm Hoploplana inquilina Wheeler 1894 in collaboration with the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole. We have also continued our examination of the development of the body wall musculature in M. hystricinum. Both species were studied using rhodamine-phalloidin staining and transmission electron microscopy. Additional visualization of the fluorescent whole mount preparations was performed with confocal laser microscopy and digital image processing. The results of our investigation suggest that: (1) the mechanism of muscle development in H. inquilina supports the deeply rooted concept of bilateral symmetry (right and left longitudinal founder muscle), and (2) a first circular muscle in this species develops on the border between an anterior body unit and the main body; a caudalmost region is less obvious. The presence of a spiral muscle functioning as a circular muscle system of the \"head region\" points to a separate developmental mechanism for this region and the trunk. In contrast to H. inquilina, where the larval stage forces an intermediate restructuring of the musculature of the body wall before the adult body shape is finally developed, the formation of the body wall musculature of M. hystricinum already seems constrained by the adult body shape.</p>","PeriodicalId":91963,"journal":{"name":"Roux's archives of developmental biology : the official organ of the EDBO","volume":"205 7-8","pages":"410-423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF00377221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34821893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Segmentation in the crustacean Artemia: engrailed staining studied with an antibody raised against the Artemia protein.","authors":"M Manzanares,&nbsp;T A Williams,&nbsp;R Marco,&nbsp;R Garesse","doi":"10.1007/BF00377222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00377222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We have studied the process of post-embryonic segmentation in the anostracan crustacean Artemia franciscana using a specific antibody raised against the engrailed protein of this organism. Three cephalic segments are specified during embryonic development, before larval hatching, whilst trunk (thoracic) segmentation begins after the first stage free-swimming nauplius larva has emerged from the dormant cyst. Thus, cephalic and trunk segmentation seem to be at least in part independent and superimposed processes. Trunk stripes of engrailed expression are added one at a time as segments are generated from the posterior growth zone. The first detectable decision in engrailed expression is the establishment of a line of engrailed-expressing cells, interpretable as delineating the parasegmental boundary. The subsequent widening of engrailed stripes is not correlated with cell lineage events but is probably mediated by the combination of inheritance of the active state and recruitment of new cells into the engrailed-expressing stripe.</p>","PeriodicalId":91963,"journal":{"name":"Roux's archives of developmental biology : the official organ of the EDBO","volume":"205 7-8","pages":"424-431"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF00377222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34822886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lens formation from cornea implanted into amputated hindlimbs of Xenopus laevis larvae requires innervation or proliferating cell populations in the stump.","authors":"S M Cannata,&nbsp;S Bernardini,&nbsp;S Filoni","doi":"10.1007/BF00377225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00377225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The capacity of amputated early and late limbs of larval Xenopus laevis to promote lens-forming transformations of corneal implants in the absence of a limb regeneration blastema has been tested by implanting outer cornea fragments from donor larvae at stage 48 (according to Nieuwkoop and Faber 1956), into limb stumps of larvae at stage 52 and 57. Blastema formation has been prevented either by covering the amputation surface with the skin or by reconnecting the amputated part to the limb stump. Results show that stage 52 non-regenerating limbs could promote lens formation from corneal implants not only when innervated but also when denervated. A similar result was observed in stage 57 limbs where blastema formation was prevented by reconnecting the amputated part to the stump. In this case, relevant tissue dedifferentiation was observed in the boundary region between the stump and the autografted part of the limb. However, stage 57 limbs, where blastema formation was prevented by covering the amputation surface with skin, could promote lens formation from the outer cornea only when innervated. In this case, no relevant dedifferentiation of the stump tissues was observed. These results indicate that blastema formation is not a prerequisite for lens-forming transformations of corneal fragments implanted into amputated hindlimbs of larval X. laevis and that lens formation can be promoted by factors delivered by the nerve fibres or produced by populations of undifferentiated or dedifferentiated limb cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":91963,"journal":{"name":"Roux's archives of developmental biology : the official organ of the EDBO","volume":"205 7-8","pages":"443-449"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF00377225","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34822889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of leg chordotonal sensory organs in normal and heat shocked embryos of the cricket Teleogryllus commodus (Walker).","authors":"M Klose","doi":"10.1007/BF00377214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00377214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper describes the embryonic development of some parts of the sensory peripheral nervous system in the leg anlagen of the cricket Teleogryllus commodus in normal and heat shocked embryos. The first peripheral neurons appear at the 30% stage of embryogenesis. These tibial pioneer neurons grow on a stereotyped path to the central nervous system and form a nerve which is joined by the growth cones of axons that arise later, including those from the femoral chordotonal organ, subgenual organ and tympanal organ. The development of these organs is described with respect to the increase in number of sensory receptor cells and the shape and position of the organs. At the 100% stage of embryogenesis all three organs have completed their development in terms of the number of sense cells and have achieved an adult shape. To study the function of the tibial pioneer neurons during embryogenesis a heat shock was used to prevent their development. Absence of these neurons has no effect on the development of other neurons and organs proximal to them. However, the development of distal neurons and organs guided by them is impaired. The tibial pioneer neurons grow across the segmental boundary between femur and tibia early in development, and the path they form seems to be essential for establishing the correct connections of the distal sense organs with the central nervous system.</p>","PeriodicalId":91963,"journal":{"name":"Roux's archives of developmental biology : the official organ of the EDBO","volume":"205 7-8","pages":"344-355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF00377214","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34821886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}