Botanical Studies最新文献

{"title":"New species and new records of Trechispora (Trechisporales, Basidiomycota) from Taiwan.","authors":"Yi-Chung Lin, Yu-Ming Huang, Yi-Lun Huang, Shi-Liang Liu, Shuang-Hui He, Li-Wei Zhou, Che-Chih Chen","doi":"10.1186/s40529-025-00469-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-025-00469-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Trechispora (Hydnodontaceae) comprises a diverse group of wood- and soil-inhabiting fungi, primarily functioning as saprotrophs, with some species forming symbiotic associations with plants and animals. Despite the recognition of over 100 species worldwide, its diversity in Taiwan remains understudied. This study presents the first comprehensive taxonomic revision of Trechispora in Taiwan, integrating morphological and phylogenetic analyses based on sequence data from the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) region and the nuc 28S rDNA (28S).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We describe four new species (Trechispora acerosa, T. floralis, T. formosana, and T. orchidophila) and report seven newly recorded species for Taiwan (T. crystallina, T. dentata, T. latehypha, T. mollusca, T. odontioidea, T. subsinensis, and T. wenshanensis). T. sinensis is synonymized under T. odontioidea. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses support their taxonomic placements, and an identification key to accepted Trechispora species in Taiwan is provided.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study expands the known diversity of Trechispora in Taiwan to 17 species, highlighting their ecological significance and potential interactions with plants in Taiwan's forest ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":9185,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Studies","volume":"66 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144673925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome and 2-DE proteome analyses reveal defense-associated development in the leaf galls induced by psyllids on Machilus japonica var. kusanoi.","authors":"Tin-Han Shih, Jian-Liang Chen, Meng-Yuan Huang","doi":"10.1186/s40529-025-00470-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40529-025-00470-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Galls are abnormal plant tissues that result from the interaction between the defense responses of plants and the activities of galling herbivores. During infection, secondary metabolites are synthesized to mitigate the oxidative stress whereas growth and cellular processes in infected tissues are reprogrammed. Although the regulatory networks of growth-related phytohormones are recognized as the main component in gall formation, other factors like oxidative stress might also being critical in gall development. In this study, we focused on the spherical psyllid galls found in the leaves of Machilus japonica var. kusanoi to analyze the differences in transcript, protein content, and several metabolites between galls and leaves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Early gall tissues were enriched in cell cycle regulation and organization genes, suggesting processes, such as mitosis, meiosis, and microtubule-based movement. Proteins such as CAM7, LSH6, and eIF2β, associated with seed development, were highly expressed in early gall tissues. We demonstrated a significant role for ROS-related stress responses in early gall development. Higher amount of polyphenols, which are well-known antioxidants, was found in gall tissue as well.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying gall development and enhances our understanding of this complex process. Future research should explore the impact of ROS modulation on gall tissue development and assess phytohormone content at various psyllid larval and gall stages to elucidate the regulatory network involved in gall morphogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9185,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Studies","volume":"66 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12260147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144625378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of candidate genes for Nilaparvata lugens (stål) resistance through genomic dissection from diverse Indigenous rice genotypes.","authors":"Guru-Pirasanna-Pandi Govindharaj, Soumya Bharati Babu, C Anilkumar, Debajyoti Roy, C Parameswaran, G Basana-Gowda, Ruchi Bansal, S D Mohapatra","doi":"10.1186/s40529-025-00461-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40529-025-00461-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9185,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Studies","volume":"66 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12259502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144625377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowing the reproductive biology and reproductive success of Scrophularia oxyrhyncha Coincy as a first step for its conservation.","authors":"Tomás Rodríguez-Riaño, Eusebio López, Josefa López, José Luis Pérez-Bote, Belén Núñez, Francisco Javier Valtueña, Ana Ortega-Olivencia","doi":"10.1186/s40529-025-00467-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40529-025-00467-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Scrophularia oxyrhyncha (Scrophulariaceae), endemic to southwest Spain, is one of the species of the genus whose distribution across the Iberian Peninsula is most limited. In this study, we analyzed its reproductive system by evaluating its fruit and seed set after different treatments, floral phenology, reproductive success, and the predation level of two populations in the Extremadura region (Spain), inhabiting different substrates (quartzitic in the San Serván population, granitic in the Cornalvo population) between 2019 and 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Scrophularia oxyrhyncha presents protogyny, it is self-compatible but requires the presence of pollinators to produce offspring which, in quite a high percentage, would result from geitonogamous pollinations. The two populations did not differ significantly in their reproductive behaviour throughout the years studied, and both presented a spring synchronous pattern, somewhat longer in the San Serván population; this was probably due to the existence of two short second flowering periods caused by sheep predation suffered by individuals. The main threat to the populations was cattle grazing and, to a lesser extent, caterpillars.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cattle grazing decreased reproductive success and altered the floral display in such a way that there was a flowering time-pollinator activity mismatch. The decline in reproductive success due to vertebrate predation depended on the time at which such predation occurred, with the most severe being late predation, that is, after peak flowering. Finally, we recommend that the pertinent authorities adopt measures to ensure the conservation and survival of the populations of this endemic species in Extremadura.</p>","PeriodicalId":9185,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Studies","volume":"66 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12222582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144538812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chloroplast genome and haplotype relationships unravel the genetic introgression and complex evolutionary history of East Asian Rosa section Synstylae roses (Rosaceae).","authors":"Ji-Hyeon Jeon, Masayuki Maki, Yu-Chung Chiang, Seung-Chul Kim","doi":"10.1186/s40529-025-00466-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40529-025-00466-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The section Synstylae of the genus Rosa (Rosaceae) is predominantly distributed across the Eastern Asiatic Floristic Region and is characterized by increased species diversity and natural hybrids. These characteristics render species within this section exemplary for studying phenotypic variability and easy crossbreeding, which hold potential for advancements in the rose-breeding industry. However, genetic introgression and hybridization have posed challenges to our understanding of their phylogenetic relationships. Despite recurrent interspecific introgression, chloroplast DNA can still aid in phylogenetic inference within the section Synstylae due to its uniparental inheritance and high conservation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phylogenetic inferences and haplotype network analysis identified seven distinct chloroplast haplotype groups within the East Asian Synstylae. Clear differentiation was observed between the chloroplast haplotypes of the Sino-Himalayan series Brunonianae and Sino-Japanese series Multiflorae lineages. The chloroplast haplotypes within each lineage aligned more closely with geographic gradients than with species boundaries. Consequently, various chloroplast haplotypes were shared among Sino-Japanese Synstylae species with broader distributions, whereas unique haplotypes were found in the species with restricted distribution ranges. Similarly, geographically specific haplotype groups were identified in the Japanese Archipelago, Taiwan, and Eastern China of the Sino-Japanese Subregion, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The chloroplast genomes of Sino-Japanese Synstylae species may have diverged along geographic gradients, influenced by the geographical and ecological complexity of East Asia and the climate oscillations during the Pleistocene. The recurring cycles of fragmentation and rejoining in Sino-Japanese Synstylae populations have allowed founder effects and genetic drift to drive divergence and diversification of their chloroplast genomes along these geographic gradients. The substantial incongruence between the chloroplast and nuclear phylogenies evidenced the prevalent genetic introgression within the Sino-Japanese Synstylae lineage. Additionally, two putative hybrid speciation events highlighted the role of genetic introgression in species diversification of the East Asian Synstylae lineage. This study substantiates the value of chloroplast genomes in elucidating genetic introgression and the unique evolutionary history of recently diverged and closely related East Asian Synstylae species.</p>","PeriodicalId":9185,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Studies","volume":"66 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12165924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative taxonomic revision concerning phylogenetic relationships, morphological variation, distribution, ecology and conservation of Gagea alberti (Liliaceae) within its natural range.","authors":"Serik Kubentayev, Igor Levichev, Marcin Nobis, Shukherdorj Baasanmunkh, Ewelina Klichowska, Aidyn Orazov, Daniyar Alibekov, Balsulu Kubentayeva, Hyeok Jae Choi","doi":"10.1186/s40529-025-00465-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40529-025-00465-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The genus Gagea is one of the largest and most complex members of the family Liliaceae, and comprises more than 320 species. Gagea is taxonomically challenging because of its morphological variations, polyploidization, hybridization and potential to inhabit ecologically diverse environments. In this study, we investigated the taxonomy, morphology, conservation, distribution and phylogeny, of Gagea alberti across within its natural range.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Gagea alberti iswidely distributed in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, southern Russia, western China, and Mongolia. This species exhibited high ecological plasticity and phenotypic variability. Based on extensive morphological and phylogenetic analyses, we treated G. altaica and G. sarysuensis as synonyms of G. alberti. The conservation status of this species was assessed as least concern (LC) at a global level. We provide detailed analytical and morphological illustrations of the ontogeny of G. alberti. Furthermore, we provide a checklist of section Plecostigma, including G. alberti, along with a brief morphological description of the section.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provided new insights into the morphology, phylogeny, and distribution of G. alberti, a species characterized by high ecological plasticity and phenotypic variability. The high ecological plasticity and phenotypic variability of G. alberti are the results of a long-term evolutionary process that enabled the species to adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9185,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Studies","volume":"66 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12151957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology and ultrastructure of Tilioideae pollen: how to differentiate Craigia, Mortoniodendron, and Tilia.","authors":"Christian Geier, Silvia Ulrich, Johannes M Bouchal, Reinhard Zetter, Valérie Ngô Muller, Bonnie F Jacobs, Dieter Uhl, Friðgeir Grímsson","doi":"10.1186/s40529-025-00463-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40529-025-00463-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Assigning fossil Tilioideae pollen grains to the extant genera Craigia, Mortoniodendron, and Tilia is difficult. Firstly, the pollen from these genera appears similar when studied only with light microscopy. Secondly, comparison data showing the morphological and ultrastructural range of Mortoniodendron pollen need to be better defined, and there is a lack of transmission electron micrographs of Craigia pollen. Cenozoic palynorecords from Europe, especially of Paleogene age, document several Tilioideae-type pollen of taxonomic uncertainty. It is unclear if they represent extant Tilioideae genera, extinct taxa within the subfamily, or other closely related fossil or living Malvaceae. To assist in future taxonomic assignments of fossil Tilioideae-type pollen, we investigated extant Craigia, Mortoniodendron, and Tilia pollen with light, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. New pollen data are provided for all three genera, and previous research was compiled to provide the most up-to-date comprehensive morphological and ultrastructural summary of these genera. Our study shows that combining light- and electron microscopy makes it possible to distinguish among Craigia, Mortoniodendron, and Tilia pollen. This will help paleopalynologists to identify these genera in pollen assemblages or to exclude them and focus on other taxa. The correct assignment of Tilioideae pollen is important for unravelling the paleophytogeographic history of this subfamily and closely related Malvaceae. Also, Tilioideae genera are typical for particular climates and/or vegetation biomes. Therefore, assigning fossil pollen to any of the three extant genera will affect the paleovegetation reconstruction and paleoclimate evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9185,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Studies","volume":"66 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12149084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysing protein complexes in plant science: insights and limitation with AlphaFold 3.","authors":"Pei-Yu Lin, Shiang-Chin Huang, Kuan-Lin Chen, Yu-Chun Huang, Chia-Yu Liao, Guan-Jun Lin, HueyTyng Lee, Pao-Yang Chen","doi":"10.1186/s40529-025-00462-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40529-025-00462-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AlphaFold 3 (AF3), an artificial intelligence (AI)-based software for protein complex structure prediction, represents a significant advancement in structural biology. Its flexibility and enhanced scalability have unlocked new applications in various fields, specifically in plant science, including improving crop resilience and predicting the structures of plant-specific proteins involved in stress responses, signalling pathways, and immune responses. Comparisons with existing tools, such as ClusPro and AlphaPulldown, highlight AF3's unique strengths in sequence-based interaction predictions and its greater adaptability to various biomolecular structures. However, limitations persist, including challenges in modelling large complexes, protein dynamics, and structures from underrepresented plant proteins with limited evolutionary data. Additionally, AF3 encounters difficulties in predicting mutation effects on protein interactions and DNA binding, which can be improved with molecular dynamics and experimental validation. This review presents an overview of AF3's advancements, using examples in plant and fungal research, and comparisons with existing tools. It also discusses current limitations and offers perspectives on integrating molecular dynamics and experimental validation to enhance its capabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":9185,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Studies","volume":"66 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative metabolomics of acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibitors in pericarp of Garcinia mangostana L.","authors":"Yun-Han Wang, Ta-Wei Liu, Sui-Wen Hsiao, Man-Hsiu Chu, Tzong-Huei Lee, Su-Jung Hsu, Shih Yin Chen, Ching-Kuo Lee","doi":"10.1186/s40529-025-00460-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40529-025-00460-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) pericarp extract has demonstrated potential against Alzheimer's disease (AD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). This study introduces a rapid dereplication and comparative approach to identify and characterize acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and α-glucosidase inhibitors in mangosteen pericarp. Using protein-subtraction, MS profiling, and computational modeling is effective for screening, identifying, and analyzing enzyme-inhibiting compounds from plant sources, and quantitative analysis of the main components has been performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Mangosteen pericarp extract observed significant inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and AChE, with IC50 values of 31.02 and 70.56 µg/mL, respectively. By comparing profiles of protein-subtracted extracts with non-treated extracts, eight potential inhibitors for each enzyme were identified: 8-desoxygartanin, gartanin, 3-isomangostin, β-mangostin, 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone, γ-mangostin, α-mangostin, and garcinone E. The α-mangostin was the most abundant, comprising 39.589% of the extract. Molecular docking revealed these inhibitors target the peripheral anionic site of AChE and the active site of α-glucosidase, forming key hydrogen bonds and pi-pi stacking interactions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study emphasizes mangosteen pericarp as a promising natural source of these inhibitors, with potential for use in developing nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. The study validated a systems biology approach by applying dereplication and comparative UPLC-ESI-MS/MS metabolomics profiling to identify target-binding molecules in both protein-treated and untreated plant extracts. Further confirmation was obtained through molecular docking predictions, mechanism analysis, and compound quantification assays.</p>","PeriodicalId":9185,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Studies","volume":"66 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Chromosome number variation and phylogenetic divergence of East Asian Cirsium sect. Onotrophe subsect. Nipponocirsium (Compositae), with a new species from Taiwan.","authors":"Chih-Yi Chang, Pei-Chun Liao, Hsy-Yu Tzeng, Junko Kusumi, Zhi-Hui Su, Yen-Hsueh Tseng","doi":"10.1186/s40529-025-00458-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40529-025-00458-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9185,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Studies","volume":"66 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11950611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}