Biosystems Engineering最新文献_第8页

Design and test of a novel converging groove-guided seed tube for precision seeding of maize 设计和测试用于玉米精量播种的新型汇流槽导向播种管

IF 4.4 1区农林科学

Biosystems Engineering Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.06.012

Xian Jia , Jingyu Zhu , Gang Guo , Yuxiang Huang , Xiaojun Gao , Chongqin Zhang

{"title":"Design and test of a novel converging groove-guided seed tube for precision seeding of maize","authors":"Xian Jia , Jingyu Zhu , Gang Guo , Yuxiang Huang , Xiaojun Gao , Chongqin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.06.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.06.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In precision seeding operations, the irregular shapes of maize seed particles and the suboptimal geometric structure of the seed tube contribute to the rolling and bouncing of seeds upon falling into the furrow, ultimately compromising seeding uniformity. To address this issue, a convergent groove-guided (CGG) seed tube was proposed based on the principle of brachistochrone curve considering friction (BCCF). The discrete element method (DEM) was employed to conduct a comprehensive phenomenological analysis and numerical investigation of particle guide characteristics. Bench tests and field experiments were designed to verify the simulation results. Through response surface analysis, the optimal seeding performance was achieved at a groove angle of 111.34°, tube incline angle of 1.56°, and ground speed of 7.2 km h<sup>−1</sup>, resulting in a lateral dispersion landing range of 11.10 mm, angular velocity of 17.38 rad s<sup>−1</sup>, seed landing speed variation coefficient of 2.29%, and plant spacing variation coefficient of 6.04%. Bench test results unveiled that, under a ground speed of 7.2 km h<sup>−1</sup>, the variation coefficient of plant spacing for CGG seed tubes was measured at 7.63%, with a deviation of 1.59% from the simulation results. At high ground speeds of 9.0–14.4 km h<sup>−1</sup>, the seed guiding performance was also better than traditional seed tubes. Consistent results were also verified through field experiments. Therefore, the CGG seed tube manifested superior seed guidance efficacy when juxtaposed with its conventional counterpart, and this design can provide technical support for the realization of seed-to-ground positioning technology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141543567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimising the hydraulic performance of a jet impingement sprinkler by varying elevation angle: A Comparative study with a non-impingement sprinkler 通过改变仰角优化喷射冲击式喷灌机的水力性能：与非撞击式喷灌机的比较研究

IF 4.4 1区农林科学

Biosystems Engineering Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.06.011

Yue Jiang, Zixin Wang, Hong Li, Lisha Wang

{"title":"Optimising the hydraulic performance of a jet impingement sprinkler by varying elevation angle: A Comparative study with a non-impingement sprinkler","authors":"Yue Jiang, Zixin Wang, Hong Li, Lisha Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.06.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.06.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel jet impingement sprinkler was designed to replace the additional water-dispersing devices usually used in rotating sprinklers to adapt performance for low-pressure conditions. Utilising the asymmetric impingement mode of primary and secondary jets, the design prioritises the secondary nozzle elevation angle. Theoretical expressions were establish between the primary and secondary jet momentum rates. Hydraulic performance experiments, were conducted under intermediate and low-pressure conditions, examining water application rate, wetted radius, and Christiansen's uniformity coefficient at various elevation angles. High-speed photography (HSP) experiments elucidate differences in hydraulic performance, revealing that the impingement jet generally featured a lower maximum water application rate but a smoother distribution compared to its non-impingement counterpart. Using the CRiteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) method, comprehensive scores highlight an optimal arrangement with a 34.5° secondary nozzle elevation angle, illustrating superior performance under low pressure. Comparative analyses between the wetted radius and Christiansen's uniformity coefficient uncover a trade-off, with jet impingement sacrificing wetted radius for increased uniformity. However, this efficiency diminished as jet impingement effects intensify. HSP experiments validate theoretical calculations, with a relative error of less than 4% for jet deflection angle and jet breakup length. Non-linear curve fitting establishes relationships between jet breakup length, mean observed jet deflection angle, operating pressure, and wetted radius. Calculated and measured values exhibited a relative error within 5%, affirming the applicability of the developed equation for predicting wetted radius in jet impingement sprinklers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141543572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-detector and motion prediction-based high-speed non-intrusive fingerling counting method 基于多探测器和运动预测的高速非侵入式鱼苗计数法

IF 4.4 1区农林科学

Biosystems Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.06.009

Jialong Zhou , Zhangying Ye , Jian Zhao , Daxiong Ji , Zequn Peng , Guoxing Lu , Musa Abubakar Tadda , Abubakar Shitu , Songming Zhu

{"title":"Multi-detector and motion prediction-based high-speed non-intrusive fingerling counting method","authors":"Jialong Zhou , Zhangying Ye , Jian Zhao , Daxiong Ji , Zequn Peng , Guoxing Lu , Musa Abubakar Tadda , Abubakar Shitu , Songming Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.06.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fingerling counting is a basic operation in fish farming and provides an important guideline for many aspects of aquaculture. However, most of the current counting methods are inefficient or computationally cumbersome. This study proposed a high-speed, non-intrusive fingerling counting method based on multiple detectors and a motion prediction model, which achieved high-accuracy counting under the condition of low-frame rate. Firstly, to effectively detect and locate the adherent fingerlings, the detector was accomplished by combining the mixture of Gaussian-based (MOG) segmentation algorithm and the local extremum-based blob detection algorithm. Secondly, three different functions were used to construct a motion prediction model to predict the approximate probability of the fingerlings at each position in the previous frame. Thirdly, the cost matrix was constructed with probability as the feature to associate the fingerlings in the consecutive frames, and the newly appeared fingerlings were counted in real-time, realising the continuous fingerling counting with high precision. Through testing and analysis on 52 collected datasets under low-frame-rate (10 <em>fps</em>) acquisition conditions using largemouth bass (<em>Micropterus salmoides</em>, 3–5 cm) and crucian carp (<em>Carassius auratus</em>, 2–6 cm), results indicated that the best motion prediction model with segmentation function reached over 99% average counting accuracy for both species, with a standard deviation of accuracy less than 0.7%. This method provides a low-cost, high-speed, and stable application solution for computer vision-based fingerling counting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141478864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Droplet size, velocity, and spray coverage from a magnetic-assisted sprayer 磁力辅助喷雾器的雾滴大小、速度和喷雾覆盖范围

IF 4.4 1区农林科学

Biosystems Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.06.010

Thomas R. Butts , Simerjeet S. Virk , Koffi Badou-Jeremie Kouame

{"title":"Droplet size, velocity, and spray coverage from a magnetic-assisted sprayer","authors":"Thomas R. Butts , Simerjeet S. Virk , Koffi Badou-Jeremie Kouame","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.06.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The increase in pesticide regulations, diminished pesticide options due to resistance concerns, and narrowing grower profit margins require each application to be optimised to reduce spray drift and enhance coverage. However, alternative strategies outside of increasing droplet size are needed as reductions in pest control have been observed. This research explored the potential of a magnetic-assisted sprayer (MAS) to aid in spray coverage and determine its impact on spray droplet size and velocity. The MAS minimally impacted spray droplet size characteristics across the four nozzle types tested (only five of twenty F-tests were statistically significant) and did not impact average or maximum droplet velocities when measured 51-cm from the nozzle compared to the conventional sprayer. Although statistically, the MAS increased droplet size by only 4.6 and 12.5% in two of 12 parameter instances compared to the conventional sprayer, there were indications it may reduce spray drift potential as the driftable fines (% of individual droplets measured with diameters less than 200 μm) were numerically less across all nozzle types tested. Across the five experiments, an improvement in spray coverage and deposition by the MAS compared to the conventional sprayer was only observed in one treatment from one experiment. Overall, the MAS minimally to negatively impacted the measured coverage and calculated deposition from water-sensitive paper. Future research is needed to measure actual spray drift from a MAS as well as to evaluate other potentially influential variables such as water quality, pesticide active ingredient, and plant species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1537511024001442/pdfft?md5=e3d6000f6acb21fb0650e1086a61d6a0&pid=1-s2.0-S1537511024001442-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141478863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

SLCOBNet: Shrimp larvae counting network with overlapping splitting and Bayesian-DM-count loss SLCOBNet：具有重叠分割和贝叶斯-DM计数损失的对虾幼体计数网络

IF 4.4 1区农林科学

Biosystems Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.06.008

Yang Qu , Sheng Jiang , Daoliang Li , Ping Zhong , Zhencai Shen

{"title":"SLCOBNet: Shrimp larvae counting network with overlapping splitting and Bayesian-DM-count loss","authors":"Yang Qu , Sheng Jiang , Daoliang Li , Ping Zhong , Zhencai Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.06.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Estimating the number of shrimp larvae plays a critical role for achieving reasonable feeding in aquaculture. However, previous shrimp larvae counting models failed to accurately distinguish between shrimp larvae and other objects due to the loss of shrimp larvae continuity information. Also, shrimp larvae counting has the challenges of multi-scale changes, transparent body overlap, and background noise. To solve the above problems, a novel shrimp larvae counting network called SLCOBNet is proposed. First, overlapping splitting image is devised, with each patch sharing half of its area, ensuring the continuity of information regarding shrimp larvae between patches. Then, shrimp larvae feature of different scales and multi-scale density maps are obtained through the feature pyramid aggregation and the regression head with multi-scale receptive fields, respectively. Moreover, a novel loss function called Bayesian-DM-Count loss, composed of DM-Count loss and Bayesian loss, was designed to address the existing transparent body overlap and background noise problems. Experiments were performed by collecting shrimp larvae data from the breeding trays of a real aquaculture farm. The extensive experimental results on three shrimp larvae datasets have shown that SLCOBNet achieves 3.27, 3.61 and 1.28 in Mean Absolute Error. Hence, the proposed method exhibits a better counting accuracy compared to other counting methods. Furthermore, the predicted results were consistent with the true values.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141439350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Benchmarking techno-economic performance of greenhouses with different technology levels in a hot humid climate 以炎热潮湿气候下不同技术水平温室的技术经济绩效为基准

IF 4.4 1区农林科学

Biosystems Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.06.005

W. Hopwood , Z. Lopez-Reyes , A. Bantan , C. Vietti , D. Al-Shahrani , A. Al-Harbi , M. Qaryouti , P. Davies , M. Tester , R. Wing , R. Waller

{"title":"Benchmarking techno-economic performance of greenhouses with different technology levels in a hot humid climate","authors":"W. Hopwood , Z. Lopez-Reyes , A. Bantan , C. Vietti , D. Al-Shahrani , A. Al-Harbi , M. Qaryouti , P. Davies , M. Tester , R. Wing , R. Waller","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.06.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Greenhouse agriculture is expected to play a critical role in sustainable crop production in the coming decades, opening new markets in climate zones that have been traditionally unproductive for agriculture. Extreme hot and humid conditions, prevalent in rapidly growing economies including the Arabian Peninsula, present unique design and operational challenges to effective greenhouse climate control. These challenges are often poorly understood by local operators and inadequately researched in the literature. This study addresses this knowledge gap by presenting, for the first time, a comprehensive set of benchmarks for water and energy usage, CO<sub>2</sub> emissions (CO<sub>2</sub>e) contribution, and economic performance for low-, mid-, and high-tech greenhouse designs in such climates. Utilising a practical and adaptable model-based framework, the analysis reveals the high-tech design generated the best results for economic return, achieving a 4.9-year payback period with superior water efficiency compared to 5.8 years for low-tech and 7.0 years for mid-tech; however, the high-tech design used significantly more energy to operate its mechanical cooling system, corresponding with higher CO<sub>2</sub>e per unit area (8.3 and 4.0 times higher than the low- and mid-tech, respectively). These benchmarks provide new insights for greenhouse operators, researchers, and other stakeholders, facilitating the development of effective greenhouse design and operational strategies tailored to meet the challenges of hot and humid climates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1537511024001399/pdfft?md5=b1e9b7dd21dd504421194ea2160b0474&pid=1-s2.0-S1537511024001399-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141435081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Automated oestrous detection in sows using a robotic imaging system 使用机器人成像系统自动检测母猪发情期

IF 5.1 1区农林科学

Biosystems Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.05.018

Ziteng Xu , Jianfeng Zhou , Corinne Bromfield , Teng Teeh Lim , Timothy J. Safranski , Zheng Yan , Jeffrey G. Wiegert

{"title":"Automated oestrous detection in sows using a robotic imaging system","authors":"Ziteng Xu , Jianfeng Zhou , Corinne Bromfield , Teng Teeh Lim , Timothy J. Safranski , Zheng Yan , Jeffrey G. Wiegert","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.05.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.05.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate oestrous detection is critical to optimise sows' reproductive performance. The conventional method of oestrous detection relies on the laborious back-pressure test. This study presents an automated oestrous detection method for sows housed in individual stalls using a robotic imaging system and neural networks. A robotic imaging system consisting of a LiDAR camera was used to monitor a group of stall-housed sows at a 10-min interval to capture their postures and vulva volume. Imagery data were analysed using a previously developed pipeline. Results showed that significant changes were observed in daily standing index, sternal lying index, lateral lying index, posture change frequency, and vulva volume before the onset of oestrous. A 1-D convolutional neural network model architecture for oestrous detection was developed using Days from Weaning (DFW), behaviour features, and vulva volume features as inputs. The oestrous detection models were evaluated using 10-fold cross validation. The training and testing accuracies of the oestrous detection model were 96.1 ± 2.0% and 92.3 ± 10.1% when using the DFW and behaviour features as input. The model's training and testing accuracies increased to 98.1 ± 2.4% and 98.0 ± 4.2% when vulva volume features were added to the input. While it is difficult to trace the behaviour of sows housed in group conditions, combining vulva volume features with DFW could be a suitable method to detect the onset of oestrous in these sows. The training and testing accuracies of this method of oestrous detection were 97.9 ± 1.4% and 95.2 ± 4.8%. However, further validation under real group house conditions is needed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1537511024001272/pdfft?md5=f5240c2eb0bd0829b9ab53f5ab3723de&pid=1-s2.0-S1537511024001272-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141328868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A discrete element method model and experimental verification for wheat root systems 小麦根系离散元素法模型及实验验证

IF 5.1 1区农林科学

Biosystems Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.06.004

Jinwen Zhao , Jianqun Yu , Kai Sun , Yang Wang , Liusuo Liang , Yongchang Sun , Long Zhou , Yajun Yu

{"title":"A discrete element method model and experimental verification for wheat root systems","authors":"Jinwen Zhao , Jianqun Yu , Kai Sun , Yang Wang , Liusuo Liang , Yongchang Sun , Long Zhou , Yajun Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To build a general model for wheat root systems, this study tests and analyses the geometric morphology of wheat root systems in soil. On this basis, a geometric model of the wheat root system is constructed, and a discrete element model of the wheat root system is established using the bonding model. Additionally, through the analysis of the shape of the soil particles used, it is determined that the soil particles can be simplified to spheroidal and prismatic shapes, based on which a discrete element model of the soil particles is established using the Edinburgh Elasto-Plastic Adhesion model. Meanwhile, the parameters of the soil model at two water contents (11% and 14%) are obtained by the soil angle of repose test and simulation. On the basis of the above work, the accuracy of soil model parameters is verified by soil direct shear test, and the accuracy of the root system bonding model and parameters, as well as the root-to-soil contact model and parameters, are verified by pulling tests and simulations of actual single roots in soil. At the same time, the feasibility and effectiveness of the general model of the wheat root system established are proven through the comparison between the pulling test and simulation of the actual root system in soil, which provides a reference for the study of the overall modelling of the wheat plant and the simulation of the contact interaction between the root system and agricultural machinery components during postharvest tillage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141328869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multiscale coupling analysis and modeling of airflow and heat transfer for warehouse-packaging-kiwifruit under forced-air cooling 强制风冷条件下仓库包装猕猴桃气流和传热的多尺度耦合分析与建模

IF 5.1 1区农林科学

Biosystems Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.06.007

Qian Chen , Jianping Qian , Han Yang , Jiali Li , Xintao Lin , Baogang Wang

{"title":"Multiscale coupling analysis and modeling of airflow and heat transfer for warehouse-packaging-kiwifruit under forced-air cooling","authors":"Qian Chen , Jianping Qian , Han Yang , Jiali Li , Xintao Lin , Baogang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.06.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper develops and verifies a multiscale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to investigate the airflow and heat transfer in kiwifruit cold storage under forced-air cooling (FAC). The CFD model incorporates the material properties, geometry, position of kiwifruit and ventilated packaging box, and the detailed structure of the cooling unit. For the multiscale modeling, the material characteristics are described using three interconnected sub-models, focusing each on different spatial scales: the warehouse-scale, packaging-scale, and kiwifruit-scale. In the FAC experiment, the measured airflow and temperature on these three spatial scales were obtained and compared with the simulated results. The data analysis shows that the environmental fluctuations at different scales weaken significantly in a stepwise manner with the cushioning of packaging and fruit flesh, indicating coupling between the spatial scales, which is well reflected in the numerical simulation. The average kiwifruit temperature decreases from 20 to 6 °C in 14.5 h (experimental) and 15.6 h (simulated). Specifically, the average mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error, and root mean squared error of the predicted airflow and kiwifruit temperature were 0.116 m s<sup>−1</sup>, 1.26 °C; 26.8%, 14%; and 0.124 m s<sup>−1</sup>, 1.54 °C, respectively. These results indicate that the multiscale CFD model accurately and efficiently simulates the airflow and spatiotemporal temperature distribution in the given kiwifruit FAC system. Finally, this study provides a reference for accurately simulating large-scale industrial <span>FAC</span> systems and supports optimal decision-making for the design of sustainable kiwifruit cold chains.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141328903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

ERoots: A three-dimensional dynamic growth model of rice roots coupled with soil ERoots：水稻根系与土壤耦合的三维动态生长模型

IF 5.1 1区农林科学

Biosystems Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.06.002

Le Yang , Panpan Wu , Zhengkang Zuo , Lan Long , Junlin Shi , Yutang Liu

{"title":"ERoots: A three-dimensional dynamic growth model of rice roots coupled with soil","authors":"Le Yang , Panpan Wu , Zhengkang Zuo , Lan Long , Junlin Shi , Yutang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Root architecture systems (RAS) reflect the spatial structure of roots in soil. To clarify the structure and distribution of rice roots and investigate the coupling between roots and soil, wetland rice was selected as the experimental object, and a three-dimensional (3D) growth model of rice root environment-roots (ERoots) based on the parameter Lindenmayer system (L-system) was proposed. ERoots combines a root morphological structure model with a growth model and defines L-system grammar iteration rules with the unit time and unit step length as parameters. At the same time, the basic growth parameters of rice roots were obtained via destructive detection, and 3D growth visualisation of roots was realised via MATLAB. In the soil coupling process, a soil nutrient simulation map was constructed based on the spatial soil characteristics per unit volume, and an adjustment strategy for roots reaching the growth boundary was designed. The flexibility of the model coupled with soil was reflected in the tropisms of root growth, growth rate and root branching strategy. Finally, combined with soil spatial characteristic simulation, geometric growth boundary and 3D root growth model, the ability of 3D growth visualisation of rice roots was verified under three soil conditions: (1) unconfined root growth, (2) confined spatial root growth, and (3) root growth with tropisms. The results indicated that the ERoots root model basically realised coupling with soil and achieved a satisfactory simulation effect in regard to the rice morphological structure. This study provides a reference for 3D growth modelling and visualisation of other crop roots.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141323118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0