The journal of the history of childhood and youth最新文献

{"title":"Teenage Dreams: Girlhood Sexualities in the US Culture Wars by Charlie Jeffries (review)","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/hcy.2024.a916846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hcy.2024.a916846","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91623,"journal":{"name":"The journal of the history of childhood and youth","volume":"21 1‐2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139394479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Children's Republic of Gaudiopolis: The History and Memory of a Budapest Children's Home for Holocaust and War Orphans by Gergely Kunt (review)","authors":"Barnabas Balint","doi":"10.1353/hcy.2023.a909998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hcy.2023.a909998","url":null,"abstract":"Reviewed by: The Children's Republic of Gaudiopolis: The History and Memory of a Budapest Children's Home for Holocaust and War Orphans by Gergely Kunt Barnabas Balint The Children's Republic of Gaudiopolis: The History and Memory of a Budapest Children's Home for Holocaust and War Orphans. By Gergely Kunt. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2022. xii + 236 pp. Cloth $75.00. In this insightful work, Gergely Kunt highlights a little-known educational experiment in postwar Hungary: the Children's Republic of Gaudiopolis. Led by Lutheran minister Gábor Sztehlo, the republic offered children in his postwar orphanage the opportunity to explore democracy, develop as responsible citizens, and heal wartime trauma. Kunt's analysis of the republic draws extensively on its wider context, showing how the experiment was influenced by—and defied—the Christian churches, the Hungarian state, both German and Soviet occupiers, and Sztehlo's own personality. [End Page 509] The book is split into four sections, providing a roughly chronological approach to the history and memory of Sztehlo's work. Kunt begins with Sztehlo's personal history. By outlining his work as a Lutheran minister in a Hungarian town that had no Jewish population, Kunt gives nuance to our understanding of Sztehlo as a rescuer of Jews, showing him as a \"passive minister who concentrated solely upon his Church's or his own aims\" (26). Through telling the history of how Sztehlo established children's homes to protect Jews in late 1944, Kunt problematizes the categories of bystander and rescuer during the Holocaust, exposing the process through which Sztehlo moved from one to the other. He then shows how the wartime children's homes became the postwar orphanage in which he could establish Gaudiopolis. In the second section, Kunt describes the diverse group of children in the orphanage. While most of them had been labeled Jewish during the war but converted to Christianity, there was an influx of new children, including those of Hungarian perpetrators. Kunt presents short biographies of some of them, showcasing this variety. He then takes a similar approach to understanding the everyday activities of the orphanage and its connected school, detailing the personal histories and professional activities of Dr. Margit Revesz, the orphanage psychiatrist, and Zoltan Rakosi, the Hungarian literature teacher. By doing this, Kunt reveals how their wartime experiences shaped how they related to the children and approached their care and education. Delving deeper into the structure of Gaudiopolis, Kunt then describes how Sztehlo established various \"ministries\" that were led by democratically elected children and performed practical roles in the orphanage. These ranged from organizing workshops (Ministry for Industry) to running events and programs (Ministry for Social Welfare). Kunt argues that these activities enabled children to \"experience what it meant to have rights as a member of a minority gro","PeriodicalId":91623,"journal":{"name":"The journal of the history of childhood and youth","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Belonging to The Body of The Nation: Gender, Race, and The Volksgemeinschaft in Hitler Youth Magazines, 1933–1938","authors":"Tiia Sahrakorpi","doi":"10.1353/hcy.2023.a909991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hcy.2023.a909991","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This article examines how Nazi children's magazines used emotional narrativization to create and sell fantasies about gender, race, and the Volksgemeinschaft [people's community]. These magazines are neglected sources on Nazi print culture; their content and context add to our understanding of child indoctrination. Children's magazines had no Jewish characters in their stories, while dark-skinned, non-Aryan peoples were culturally appropriated and caricatured to create power fantasies. This article argues that through compelling narratives, hegemonic masculine traits were fetishized and glamorized to appeal to young boys in order to prepare them to serve in both the Volksgemeinschaft and the army.","PeriodicalId":91623,"journal":{"name":"The journal of the history of childhood and youth","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Children Obviously Don't Make History\": Historical Significance and Children's Modalities of Power","authors":"Mona Gleason","doi":"10.1353/hcy.2023.a909985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hcy.2023.a909985","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Sarah Maza has argued that \"children obviously don't make history\" given they are marginal to more meaningful, adult-driven change over time. In her response to Maza's claims, Nara Milanich encourages historians of children and youth to explore children's unique modalities of power, rather than focusing on their agency, to help unearth youthful contributions to historical change. Here, I engage with two of these four modalities of power as outlined by Milanich, namely children's temporariness and their ostensible malleability (via a reciprocal process I call \"negotiated malleability\") to social reproduction, using examples from my research on the Elementary Correspondence School (ECS) that operated in the western Canadian province of British Columbia between 1919 and the late 1950s. Rather than searching for children's agency in this history, however, I think through their entanglements with temporariness and malleability in relation to adults. In so doing, I demonstrate how and why young people wielded power and how they effected powerful responses from adults—primarily the parents, teachers, and administrators associated with the ECS. I argue that analyzed through a framework that privileges children's modalities of power in relation to adults, children emerge as significant contributors to change over time.","PeriodicalId":91623,"journal":{"name":"The journal of the history of childhood and youth","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hidden in Plain Sight: Child-authored Material in Australian Museums and Archives","authors":"Emily Gallagher","doi":"10.1353/hcy.2023.a909987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hcy.2023.a909987","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Since the history of children and youth gained momentum in the 1970s, historians have expressed frustration over the difficulties of locating children's voices in archives. While the availability of child-authored material presents a major challenge for many children's historians, not all are destined to work with lost or fragmentary evidence. By examining holdings of child art and writing in Australian collections, this article resists the assumption—common in the historiography of children and youth—that only fragments of child-authored material have survived in archives. In Australia, children's documentary records are far more voluminous than many scholars have previously acknowledged, comprising a surprisingly large array of children's art, writing, audiovisual and material culture.","PeriodicalId":91623,"journal":{"name":"The journal of the history of childhood and youth","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ambiguous Nature of Children's Work in Socialist Yugoslavia: An Analysis Based on Children's Magazine Pionirski List","authors":"Barbara Turk Niskač","doi":"10.1353/hcy.2023.a909990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hcy.2023.a909990","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Drawing on the educational role ascribed to work in children's upbringing, the article analyzes children's work and its many ambiguities as presented in children's magazine Pionirski list [Pioneers magazine ] in socialist Yugoslavia. The magazine featured content for children, about children, as well as contributions produced by children themselves, telling how they experienced different forms of work in their everyday lives. Most notably, Pionirski list addressed children as self-managing pioneers actively participating in shaping social reality, and at the same time it was only yet building and reproducing a construct of the child as a self-managing pioneer and future self-managing worker in line with Yugoslavia's third way of socialism. Although Yugoslavia was consolidating schooling as the child's main obligation and breaking with exploitative child labor, it promoted a social organization centered on productive and socially useful work that included children as well. It built on Marxist notions of self-determined work, yet the understanding of work as inseparable from life also related to the ethos of the agricultural society's domestic economy. After breaking with the USSR, Yugoslavia embraced worker self-management as a so-called third way to socialism. All these various aspects of work fed into the educational value ascribed to work in childhood and placed it in a mutually constructive relationship with play and leisure rather than as their opposite.","PeriodicalId":91623,"journal":{"name":"The journal of the history of childhood and youth","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Home Economics: Domestic Service and Gender in Urban Southern Africa by Sacha Hepburn (review)","authors":"SE Duff","doi":"10.1353/hcy.2023.a910002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hcy.2023.a910002","url":null,"abstract":"Reviewed by: Home Economics: Domestic Service and Gender in Urban Southern Africa by Sacha Hepburn SE Duff Home Economics: Domestic Service and Gender in Urban Southern Africa. By Sacha Hepburn. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2022. xiv + 233 pp. Cloth £80.00. Children and young people were not only at the frontier of the colonial encounter in Africa—in schools, churches, and workplaces—but they were frequently at the forefront of anticolonial movements, as nationalist organizations relied on their young supporters to turn out, often in protest, against colonial states. How, then, did youth understand life in postcolonial Africa? This is one of the questions animating Sacha Hepburn's new study of domestic work in independent Zambia. Indeed, perhaps the best-known study of ordinary people's experiences of the boom and bust of postcolonial economies is also on [End Page 517] Zambia, a small, resource-rich state in southern Africa. In Expectations of Modernity: Myths and Meanings of Urban Life on the Zambian Copperbelt (1999), anthropologist James Ferguson recounts how miners, and especially retired miners, understood the promise of modernity made possible by copper mining after independence from British rule in 1964, and the disappointments that followed. Hepburn, though, is interested in women and children and, in particular, those who worked (and still work) in middle-class households in urban areas. How did—and do—these frequently exploited, harassed, and underpaid workers make sense of postcolonial political freedom? The book comprises seven chapters, including an introduction and conclusion. It is divided, roughly, in three parts. The first is on the feminization of domestic labor in the mid-1960s. As in much of southern Africa, the domestic workforce in what was Northern Rhodesia consisted overwhelmingly of African men. This was due partly to racist anxieties about the sexual danger posed by African women to white men (and, indeed, many African parents worried about the threat posed to their daughters by white men, discouraging these young women from seeking employment as domestic servants) but was also the result of the division of labor within African households. While African women and children worked to maintain rural households, men left to seek waged labor, often as cooks, cleaners, and gardeners. As more lucrative positions in industry and commercial agriculture opened up for men after independence, and as employers—who were increasingly African and middle-class—sought out women and children for domestic work, men were gradually supplanted as domestic workers. Hepburn explores the nature of increasingly feminized domestic work in the postcolonial era in the second section, and, indeed, scholars of childhood and youth will find Chapters 2 and 3 especially interesting. Drawing on a number of oral interviews with current and former domestic workers and employers, Hepburn produces a nuanced, sympathetic portrait of why middle-clas","PeriodicalId":91623,"journal":{"name":"The journal of the history of childhood and youth","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boy and Girl Tramps of America by Thomas Minehan (review)","authors":"James Wunsch","doi":"10.1353/hcy.2023.a909996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hcy.2023.a909996","url":null,"abstract":"Reviewed by: Boy and Girl Tramps of America by Thomas Minehan James Wunsch Boy and Girl Tramps of America. By Thomas Minehan. Introduction by Susan Honeyman. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2023. xxii + 162 pp. Cloth $99.00, paper $30.00. At the beginning of the Depression, Thomas Minehan, a University of Minnesota graduate student in sociology, began interviewing the unemployed men who were lining up at soup kitchens and flop houses in Minneapolis. Eventually he came to feel that if he was to gain a genuine understanding of those men, then [End Page 505] he should make an effort to live among them. \"One evening in November, 1932,\" he wrote, \"I disguised myself in old clothes and stood in a bread line in the cold and rain\" (xix). He then began visiting hobo encampments (\"jungles\") beyond downtown, and on weekends, vacations, and during the summer, he stowed away in boxcars to join those seeking work or handouts in various Midwestern cities. Among those stealthily boarding or departing from boxcars––tramps were subject to arrest and beatings at the hands of the railway police––were a surprising number of school-age boys and even some girls. Those kids became the subject of Minehan's Boy and Girl Tramps of America, published in 1934. Minehan's Depression-era study finds a place within the stories of runaways and castaways from Hansel and Gretel and Joan of Arc to Ben Franklin and Huck Finn. If what allowed Huck and Jim to escape was the river, then for Minehan's vagabonds it was the railroad. In the decades after the Civil War, the veterans, the drifters, and the unemployed who began riding the rails would be joined by youngsters whose numbers during the Depression swelled to 250,000. In 1933, the Civilian Conservation Corp was established to provide outdoor work opportunities for young men, but since the program was limited to those eighteen and older, it was of little help for the majority of runaways. Riding the rails was dangerous. Cops (\"bulls\") could knock out teeth. During the winter, fingers, toes, and ears might be lost to frostbite. Arms and legs were fractured or severed when kids fell, jumped, or were pushed from moving trains. Minehan interviewed 882 boys and 72 girls (the majority between thirteen and nineteen) and compiled 509 case histories. If the kids had been living at home, then they would have been chatting about sports and school; on the road the talk was mostly about food, clothing, and shelter. Later, round a campfire or riding in a boxcar, the talk would turn to fighting with bulls and other kids, or the best towns and places for a handout. Since girls were vulnerable to sexual assault, it was no surprise that they made up only a fraction of the tramp population. But by disguising themselves as boys, travelling in groups and bestowing sexual favors as needed or desired, they made their way with a measure of security. The particular concern of younger boys was \"wolves,\" predatory adult males. Among the older boys a","PeriodicalId":91623,"journal":{"name":"The journal of the history of childhood and youth","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children, Poverty and Nationalism in Lithuania, 1900–1940 by Andrea Griffante (review)","authors":"Aisling Shalvey","doi":"10.1353/hcy.2023.a909997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hcy.2023.a909997","url":null,"abstract":"Reviewed by: Children, Poverty and Nationalism in Lithuania, 1900–1940 by Andrea Griffante Aisling Shalvey Children, Poverty and Nationalism in Lithuania, 1900–1940. By Andrea Griffante. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Pivot, 2019. vii + 148 pp. Cloth £49.99, e-book £39.99. This book is a welcome addition to the history of childhood, nationalism, and charitable organizations. The text is separated into chapters tackling concise eras and offering a fresh comparison with other similar European movements. Solid contextual literary analysis grounds this book well in relation to similar [End Page 507] works and reflects openly about where these works can contribute to understanding the Lithuanian experience of childhood and nationalism and where a more local context is required. Griffante observed that with the widening of the field of research on child studies, how children are viewed as future citizens with their own agency has come more to the fore. Concerns over national identity based on language, ethnic group, and interaction with the elite through charitable organizations are all touched upon in the introduction and thoughtfully discussed in later chapters. Griffante, in this context, notes that \"children were not the passive recipients of disseminated messages\" but could exercise their individuality in how they interacted with these organizations, which tried to frame poverty and nationalism as methods of shaping and creating model citizens (2). She sets the stage for the rest of the book, highlighting nationalistic ideas and modernity but also how children refused to cooperate with these broader ideas. The core questions beginning the deeper analysis are answered within this volume, including contemplation on the function of social control through aid, the impact of linguistic nationalism, and the role of the destitute and orphaned child in relation to modernity and morality. The first chapter begins with the turn of the century and argues that, while an educated minority began to express a vision for an ethnically homogenous Lithuania, there was no administrative, religious, linguistic, or socioeconomic consistency. Reflecting this, then, child assistance for poverty similarly differed based on region. Griffante explains that by 1920, a more homogenous framework emerged following wartime displacement. She also splits Lithuanian nationalism into two phases, the first being up to the First World War and involving expanding the middle class and nation building; the second, from 1920 to 1940, involved a more homogenous ethnic, cultural, and linguistic group seeking to achieve modernity via sociopolitical policies. In both eras, social cohesion was integral, and this was done to varying degrees of success primarily through voluntary charitable organizations targeting the nation's poor and destitute children in search of the ideal moldable citizen. Griffante underscores that children became the focus of nationalism through their perceived future human","PeriodicalId":91623,"journal":{"name":"The journal of the history of childhood and youth","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editor's Introduction","authors":"Linda Mahood","doi":"10.1353/hcy.2023.a909984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hcy.2023.a909984","url":null,"abstract":"Editor's Introduction Linda Mahood As this issue goes to press, the 2023 biennial conference of the Society for the History of Children and Youth, held at the University of Guelph, Canada, has concluded. Two hundred hybrid panels, roundtables, plenaries, and keynote addresses were presented. As always, the Journal of the History of Childhood and Youth welcomes submissions on the history of childhood and youth from any period or location. Many articles in this issue focus on letters from children and young people and examine how scholars engage with them to understand how children have negotiated their place in the adult word. This issue opens with articles by Mona Gleason and Mashid Mayar. Both authors deploy theory to examine how childhood has been the currency of, and at stake in, the archival record. Here, and elsewhere in her influential scholarship, Gleason argues that child's history is a field open to new theory and scholarly practice. In \"Children Obviously Don't Make History\": Historical Significance and Children's Modalities of Power,\" Gleason adopts a \"modalities of power\" framework to show how children do, indeed, make history. Using examples from elementary school correspondence in British Columbia between 1919 and the late 1950s, Gleason develops the concept of \"negotiated malleability\" to highlight the way young people manipulate and negotiate predicaments with the adults who populate their daily lives. Mayar's \"Playes Print the Letter\": American Child(hoods) as Archival Present/ce\" sees similarity in the notions of nostalgia, desire, fantasy, and power that bind Childhood Studies to Archival Studies. Examining letters that children sent to the juvenile periodical St. Nicholas in the 1890s, Mayar says the conflict at the center of the inaccessibility of childhood archival material is about the types of knowledge it promises to produce. Moving to the 1970s, Emily Gallagher's \"Hidden in Plain Sight: Child-authored Material in Australian Museums and Archives\" argues that historians have expressed frustration over the difficulties of locating children's voices in archives. By examining holdings of child art and writing in Australian collections, Gallagher show how children's documentary records [End Page 339] are far more voluminous than many scholars have previously acknowledged, comprising a surprisingly large array of children's art, writing, and audiovisual and material culture. If the archival record involves privileging certain pieces of evidence over others, it is a project that highlights normative sex, gender, and racial inequalities. Christina Burr's article about girl's leisure, fashion, and subculture also analyzes young people's writing. In \"They Are Just Girls\": Clara Bow's Star Persona, Female Adolescence, and the Flapper Youth Spectator,\" Burr argues that in the 1920s, a new confrontational type of adolescent femininity emerged—the flapper. The flapper may have been inspired by Hollywood movies; however, fan letters and","PeriodicalId":91623,"journal":{"name":"The journal of the history of childhood and youth","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}