Journal of thyroid disorders & therapy最新文献

{"title":"Value of SPECT/CT in Cervical Vertebra Metastasis Mimicking Residual Thyroid Tissue on Planar I-131 Scan","authors":"A. Oral, Özgür Ömür, B. Yazıcı, A. Akgün","doi":"10.4172/2167-7948.1000165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7948.1000165","url":null,"abstract":"A total thyroidectomy was performed on a 62 year-old male patient with 3.5 cm cold nodule and diagnosis of \u0000differentiated thyroid carcinoma was made. He received 200 mCi of I-131 because pulmonary metastases were founded on computed tomography and his serum thyroglobulin level was high (>300 ng/ml). Post-therapy planar whole body scan showed diffuse pulmonary tracer accumulation consistent with pulmonary metastases, 3 foci of activities in the thyroid region of neck and physiological tracer uptake in the liver. Initially, it was considered that high serum thyroglobulin level was caused by pulmonary metastases and activities in the neck were due to residual thyroid tissue. But, single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) images demonstrated that the activity in the midline of the neck was originated in the cervical (C5-6) vertebra due to bone metastasis. Cervical vertebra metastasis in the same level with probable residual thyroid tissue in planar I-131 whole body scan can be easily overlooked. We considered that the complementary SPECT/CT for head and neck region should be used not only in the selected differentiated thyroid patients with unexpected abnormal activity \u0000but also in patients with expected residual thyroid tissue, salivary gland or mouth activity in planar I-131 whole body scan.","PeriodicalId":91565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thyroid disorders & therapy","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70839892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spinal Cord Compression as Initial Presentation of Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma Thyroid","authors":"A. Hakeem","doi":"10.4172/2167-7948.1000166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7948.1000166","url":null,"abstract":"Spinal cord compression due to metastases of follicular thyroid cancer usually occurs as a late complication. We report two cases of metastatic follicular thyroid cancer who presented with spinal cord compression as initial presentation. In both the cases histopathologic diagnosis was made on core biopsy of the spinal lesions. These cases highlight the importance of a thorough preoperative work up for metastatic spine tumours. This should include evaluation of the thyroid consisting of thorough clinical history and examination. We summarize the clinical characteristics of these cases, the therapeutic measures used and their outcome.","PeriodicalId":91565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thyroid disorders & therapy","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70839899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Diffuse Sclerosing Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma is not an Aggressive Subtype of Papillary Carcinoma","authors":"H. Yamashita, S. Noguchi, Hiroshi Takahashi, Shin Watanabe, S. Uchino, Tsukasa Murakami, H. Noguchi, Y. Nishijima, Tomohiko Nakamura, N. Higaki, M. Nakamoto, Y. Noguchi, A. Nakashima","doi":"10.4172/2167-7948.1000163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7948.1000163","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (DSV) is a rare subtype of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and the prognosis of patients with this variant is not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to determine whether DSV is a poorer prognostic factor than non-DSV. \u0000Methods: We reviewed the histologic slides of 12,664 primary PTC cases and divided them into DSV and non- DSV groups. Based on the results of the follow-up study and the age distribution of patients, we selected the data from 810 female patients and compared outcomes between patients with DSV and patients with non-DSV. \u0000Results: Of all initial patients, 43 had DSV. Of these, 4 patients were deceased, and 39 were alive with a mean survival of 11.1 ± 9.7 years (mean ± SD) after surgery; the deceased patients were all female patients with papillary non-microcarcinoma (PNMC, >10 mm diameter). A substudy of female PNMC patients by age showed that a cutoff at age 33 years was optimal for analyzing the DSV and non-DSV groups. Of 810 female patients younger than 33 years with PNMC, 25 had DSV and 785 had non-DSV. Of the patients with non-DSV, 23 patients died, including 5 deaths from PTC. The overall mortality and disease-specific mortality rates of the selected patients were not statistically significant between the DSV and non-DSV groups (2/25 vs. 23/785, p=0.18 and 1/24 vs. 5/767, p=0.17, respectively). \u0000Conclusion: DSV is not an aggressive subtype of PTC and patients with DSV do not require more aggressive therapy than patients with non-DSV of the same stage.","PeriodicalId":91565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thyroid disorders & therapy","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70839982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strabismus Surgery in Thyroid-related Ophthalmopathy","authors":"Jiun-Yo Lin, Muh-Chiou Lin, Youn-Shen Bee, S. Sheu","doi":"10.4172/2167-7948.1000162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7948.1000162","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Restrictive strabismus is a common feature of Thyroid-Related Ophthalmopathy (TRO) causing intractable diplopia. We reviewed the surgical outcome for TRO patients. \u0000Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients of TRO who underwent strabismus surgery from January, 1998 to September, 2012. Preoperative characteristics were recorded such as age, sex, disease severity, presence of compressive optic neuropathy or elevation of intraocular pressure, symmetry of orbitopathy, duration between onset of TRO and surgery, smoking status, and treatment. The length of muscle recession and the numbers of strabismus surgeries was recorded for further analysis. \u0000Results: Twenty-four patients were enrolled with twelve female and twelve male in a mean age of 55.5 years (SD + 10.71). The mean number of surgery was 1.29 (SD + 0.46). Patients with asymmetric involvement at onset, presence of elevated intraocular pressure, and longer intervals between the onset of TRO and first surgery needed significantly more surgeries to correct strabismus. Factors such as age, gender, smoking status, medical treatment before surgery, presence of compressive optic neuropathy or previous orbital decompression procedure had no statistically significant effect on the number of surgery required. \u0000Conclusion: Strabismus surgery showed favorable outcomes in correcting diplopia induced by thyroid-related ophthalmopathy. The average number of surgery needed is 1.29 (±0.46) in this study, and the mean surgical effect we got was 4.09+0.26 PD/mm of rectus muscle recession.","PeriodicalId":91565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thyroid disorders & therapy","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70839809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timing of Thyroxine Dose Adjustment in Hypothyroid Patients: When are TSH Levels Stable?","authors":"Sibylle Kohler, O. Senn, L. Saleh, Wass Jah, C. Schmid","doi":"10.4172/2167-7948.1000161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7948.1000161","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Serum TSH is the target hormone by which adequate thyroid hormone supply can easily be monitored in patients with primary hypothyroidism. It is however controversial when TSH should be measured before thyroxine dose adjustments are made: 4 to 8 weeks are recommended. We looked at the time required to reach stable TSH levels in hypothyroid patients. Methods: We studied patients with newly diagnosed hypothyroidism (TSH >10 mU/l and fT4 <12.3 pmol/l). Treatment was initiated with thyroxine 50 μg/d if there was a history of cardiac disease and 100 μg/d otherwise. Blood pressure, weight and TSH, fT4, fT3, cystatin C and creatinine were measured once a week. Thyroxine dose was increased by 25 μg every 8 weeks until TSH normalised. Results: 12 patients with a mean TSH at baseline of 57.6 mU/l (range 11.3–151.8 mU/l) gave informed consent. They were followed for 8 to 24 weeks. After adjusting for the number of observation periods for each patient, the mean time to achieving stable TSH was 3.5 weeks (95% CI, 2.6-4.3 weeks), whereby stable TSH was defined as the value reached on a certain replacement dose after which TSH fluctuated by no more than +/- 2 mU/l during the remaining weeks of an 8 week observation period (median TSH at study end 4.7 mU/l). Conclusions: TSH did not change significantly after a mean of 3.5 weeks after the introduction of thyroxine. Dose changes can therefore be made after 4 weeks of treatment, longer periods are unnecessary.","PeriodicalId":91565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thyroid disorders & therapy","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2167-7948.1000161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70839806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water Clear Cell Parathyroid Adenoma: Case Report and Literature Review","authors":"P. Tassone, Seth E. Kaplan, L. Kenyon, D. Rosen, E. Pribitkin","doi":"10.4172/2167-7948.1000160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7948.1000160","url":null,"abstract":"Water clear cell parathyroid adenoma is a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. In this rare disease entity, normal parathyroid tissue is replaced with growth of water-clear cells, instead of the chief cell hyperplasia associated with the majority of parathyroid adenomas. We present the case of a water clear cell parathyroid adenoma in a 54 year old woman with symptomatic hypercalcemia, as well as a review of the literature on this rare disease. This constitutes the 17th reported case of water clear cell parathyroid adenoma.","PeriodicalId":91565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thyroid disorders & therapy","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70839799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Premature Menarche Associated with Hashimoto Thyroiditis at 2 years 9 months: Case Report","authors":"S. Çetinkaya, Elif Sağsak, Ş. Erdeve, Z. Aycan, Melikşah Keskin","doi":"10.4172/2167-7948.1000159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7948.1000159","url":null,"abstract":"Primary hypothyroidism is frequently associated with delayed puberty. However, precocious puberty is known to occur in some rare cases of hypothyroidism untreated for a long time. \u0000A female patient with Down syndrome aged 2 years and 9 months was referred with the symptom of vaginal \u0000bleeding continuing for 1 week. In her history, there were no symptoms suggesting trauma, foreign body, urinary tract infection or intracranial mass. The patient exhibited the phenotypic features of Down syndrome and her height and weight were within 5%-25% percentiles and 25%-50% percentiles, respectively, regarding the growth curves generated for children with Down syndrome. Breast development was at Tanner stage 3 bilaterally, and she had no axillary or pubic hairs. Suprapubic ultrasonography revealed cystic lesions in the right lower quadrant and left adnexial region. She was diagnosed with Hashimoto thyroiditis as result of the tests and was started on Na lthyroxine replacement therapy, and all examination findings relevant to precocious puberty and laboratory parameters returned to normal in the 6th month of the treatment.","PeriodicalId":91565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thyroid disorders & therapy","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70839762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significance of Improving Iodine Nutrition by Oral Intake of Iodinated Oil and Iodinated Salt in Women of Reproductive Age in Southern Xinjiang, China","authors":"Jiyong Jiang, J. Ning, Liping Fu, Yeqing Xu, Ling Zhang, Qin Lin, Pinjiang Ma, Jianjun Lin","doi":"10.4172/2167-7948.1000158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7948.1000158","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In severe endemic area of IDD at southern fringe of Tarim Basin, investigation was carried out to \u0000know the situation of iodine nutrition improvement by oral intake of iodinated oil in women of reproductive age for 3 years from 2007 to 2009, in order to prevent neonate cretinism and intelligence disability of children from occurrence. \u0000Methods: In 4 counties of Kashi Prefecture and 3 counties of Kizilsu Kirgiz Prefecture of southern Xinjiang, \u0000China, women of 4 kinds (getting marriage certificate, procreation certificate, within 3 month-pregnancy, in lactation) were implemented iodine supplementary measure of taking iodinated oil. Out of 74 536 women of volunteers, each took 400 mg for twice a year (200 mg in April for the first half year and 200 mg in October for the second half year). Then, 1,533 samples of urine were collected randomly to conduct analysis of urine iodine. Meanwhile, 2,742 child volunteers were taken B-ultrasound examination on thyroid enlargement and their urinary samples were collected for analysis of urine iodine. Results: Iodized salt were delivered freely to poverty households by governmental subsidy in Xinjiang. After 2 years, goiter rate of children decreased to be 4.2% in 2009 from 18.5% in 2007. There was statistical significance between 2007 and 2009 (chi square, P<0.05), and urine iodine of children increased 47 percentage points. Urine iodine of women of reproductive age improved from 75.3 μg/L in 2007 to 316.68 μg/L in 2009 by taking iodinated oil orally. There was statistical difference in urine iodine of women in different counties before and after supplementary iodine (t test, P<0.05). Investigation on children within 3-year-old born after supplementary iodine in 2007 showed there was no new occurrence of endemic cretinism through emergent iodine supplement in women of reproductive age by taking iodinated oil for successive 3 years. \u0000Conclusions: Measure of taking iodinated oil orally in women of reproductive age in southern Xinjiang is \u0000effective for preventing neonate cretinism and intelligence disability of children from occurrence.","PeriodicalId":91565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thyroid disorders & therapy","volume":"2014 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70839696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metastatic Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in an Autonomous Hyperfunctioning Thyroid Nodule in an Adolescent: Case Report and Literature Review","authors":"E. Şimşek, Ç. Binay, H. Ilhan, E. Ihtiyar, M. Demiral, I. Aksivrikoz, Dundar, N. andAkcar","doi":"10.4172/2167-7948.1000154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7948.1000154","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although thyroid nodules are less common in children and adolescents, the malignancy rate for nodules is higher among children and adolescents than adults. A nodule that is discovered in a patient presenting with hyperthyroidism is usually a benign nodule or benign toxic adenoma and, thus, nodules are biopsied only infrequently. Objective: To report a case of papillary thyroid carcinoma presenting with a hyperfunctioning (hot) thyroid nodule. Case report: A 14-year-old female presented with symptoms of thyrotoxicosis and multi-nodular goitre. Laboratory findings were consistent with the diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid ultrasonography showed an enlarged thyroid gland with cystic and solitary nodules, diffuse heterogeneous echo, and microcalcifications. Doppler scans revealed increased vascularity within the left thyroid lobe and a solitary nodule. Thyroid scintigraphy revealed an autonomous nodule. Cytological examination of fine-needle aspirations from the solid nodule and left thyroid lobe revealed papillary thyroid carcinoma. The patient underwent total thyroidectomy. Histopathology of the thyroid gland and lymph nodes were also consistent with papillary thyroid carcinoma with nodal metastases. Conclusion: Contrary to the guidelines published by major endocrine societies, the detection of an autonomously functioning thyroid nodule in children and adolescents does not exclude the possibility of thyroid carcinoma. Suspicious hot nodules should be evaluated cytologically.","PeriodicalId":91565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thyroid disorders & therapy","volume":"2014 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70839934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Many Faces Of Surgical Thyroid Disease: Rare Presentations With Clinically Normal Necks","authors":"I. Mohamad","doi":"10.4172/2167-7948-3-E116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7948-3-E116","url":null,"abstract":"Surgical thyroid diseases are common in our population, which often present with common presentations. The commonest include neck swelling, either causing a gross distorted neck appearance, or just mild smooth-surfaced asymmetry elevations at paratracheal regions. In can be the swelling in isolation, or combined with the readily exist complication of the mass effect itself [1,2]. On the other hand, physiologically abnormal function of thyroid gland can be detected more readily, based on the typical hyperthyroid or hypothyroid symptoms and signs. Most of the cases that we have encountered with rare presentations are from the malignant lesion, even though benign counterpart is also possible. These cases presented with no neck mass at the usual thyroid locations. Usually it manifest as a sole presentation and only subsequent work-up reveal its thyroid in origin.","PeriodicalId":91565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thyroid disorders & therapy","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70843472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}