Journal of sustainable development最新文献

{"title":"Rural Education and the Challenges of Using Technological Resources in Rural High Schools in the State of Ceará","authors":"Eduana Maria dos Santos, Aldiva Sales Diniz","doi":"10.5539/jsd.v16n4p116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v16n4p116","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to analyze the progress of Rural Education as a public policy, access to technological development, and the use of its resources in teaching and learning in Rural High Schools located in agrarian reform settlements in the state of Ceará. It is based on documentary research data and theoretical foundations supported by Diniz (2019), Caldart (2004), Almeida (2005/2006), Santos (2016), Molina (2006), Freire (2015/2019), among others. In the first part of this work, we will focus on the historical context of Rural Education. Subsequently, we will present the concept of Rural Education and highlight the differences that exist between Rural Education and other forms of education. Emphasizing these differences is important for understanding the significant role that the rural movement plays in the protagonism of Rural Education for the rural population. In the second part, we will discuss how technological resources are integrated into Education as a pedagogy. In the third part, we will present the challenges of using technological resources in Rural Schools located in agrarian reform settlements. Considering this entire process, we can highlight that the teaching and learning processes, through the integration of technology, are part of the school curriculum, but there are limitations and lack of investments that go beyond the power of the Rural School.","PeriodicalId":91562,"journal":{"name":"Journal of sustainable development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48924635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Fungicidal Seed Treatments against Pathogen Complex Found on Paddy Seed and Their Effects on Seedling Germination, Growth, and Plant Vigor","authors":"R. Persaud, Jomela Glkies, Danata McGowan, N. Singh, Darshanie Angela Persaud, E. Charles, G. Subramanian","doi":"10.5539/jsd.v16n4p100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v16n4p100","url":null,"abstract":"A paddy (Oryza sativa) seed treatment study was conducted by the Plant Pathology Department, GRDB, RRS, Burma to evaluate the effectiveness of eight fungicides [Amistar Xtra 28SC, Saaf 75 WP, Glory 75WG, Tridium 70WG, Antracol 70WP, Rodazim 50 SC, Carbendazim 50SC and Manzate Pro Stick TM], at varying rates, along with a healthy check and untreated control, on germination and seedling vigour of paddy, and identifying suitable fungicides to be used as pre-sowing seed treatment. Trials were carried out under laboratory, potted and field conditions. A completely randomized block (CRD) was used for the laboratory and pot trials and randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used for the field trials, with three replicates. These trials were conducted in both rice growing seasons (Spring and Autumn) in Guyana during 2020 and 2021. Dry seed examination and blotter test unearthed the presence of four dominant pathogenic genera (Curvularia lunata, Bipolaris oryzae, Pyricularia oryzae and Aspergillus spp). from the paddy seeds before being treated and in the untreated control. The results of the germination test during 2020 showed variability among treatments, percentage germination ranged from 61% in seeds treated with Amistar Xtra 28 SC 3.7ml/L to 91% in seeds treated with Saaf 75 WP 5.6g/L. While in 2021 the percentage germination ranged from 79% in seeds treated with Tridium 70 WG 4.3g/L to 95% in seed treated with Saaf 75 WP 5.6g/L. Results from the in vitro studies showed seeds treated with Saaf (3.1g/L and 5.6g/L), Manzate Pro Stick TM (3.7 g/L), Glory at 12.4g/L, Rodazim (at 3.7ml/L) and the healthy control produced seedlings with taller shoots, longer roots and ultimately the higher seedling vigour at 14 and 21 days after treatment as compared to other treatments and the untreated control. Similarly, under potted condition seed treated with Rodazim (1.2ml/L and 3.7ml/L), Saaf (5.6g/L) and Glory (7.4g/L and 12.4g/L) demonstrated SVI compared to the other treatments and the untreated control. Further, under field condition the three fungicides viz. Rodazim, Manzate and Glory found to be promising in previous trials were selected and evaluated against an untreated control. Data collected revealed no significant difference among any of the treatments for grain yield, number of tillers/m2, plant height, the weight per 1000 grain nor the number of unfilled grains per panicle. However, treatment with Manzate Pro Stick TM (3.7 g/L) produced the largest number of filled grains as compared to the other treatment and control. It is therefore recommended that farmers should employ seed treatment prior to sowing if do not have clean, certified disease free seeds and use the paddy seed treatment [Saaf (5.6g/L), Manzate Pro Stick TM (3.7 g/L), Glory at (12.4g/L), Rodazim (3.7ml/L)] as a method of controlling seed borne pathogens, enhancing germination, seedling vigour and ultimately improving productivity.","PeriodicalId":91562,"journal":{"name":"Journal of sustainable development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41376410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saudi Arabia’s “Vision 2030”: Structural Reforms and Their Challenges","authors":"Nitish Kumar","doi":"10.5539/jsd.v16n4p92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v16n4p92","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assesses the Saudi crown prince's visionary mega-project, \"Vision 2030,\" superimposed as a new form of a social contract to diversify the country's economy and end dependency on oil revenue. The project sets to revive the long-staggering economy and propel the indicators of all sectors above the international averages. Concomitantly, the vision faces a colossal challenge as the kingdom is wheeled by authoritarian monarchical Islamic values that repudiate the concept of modernity, the final corollary of the prince's vision. This paper primarily assesses the education and healthcare system management based on the old social contract and seeks possible changes or restructuring according to \"Vision 2030\" objectives. The paper also looks into managing water shortages which are doomed to become more acute with the launch of mega infrastructural development projects. Further, this paper found that \"Vision 2030\" is steadily pushing boundaries, albeit there are impeding challenges ranging from the availability of skilled professionals to social, cultural and religious intransigence. Nevertheless, it can be convincible to argue that the cultural, social and political reformation is conceivable unless the citizenry has a strong will and vision regardless of how tumultuous the transition is, which would, in turn, help in streamlining the economic growth of the kingdom.","PeriodicalId":91562,"journal":{"name":"Journal of sustainable development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46301079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geostatistics and Sample Density of Chemical Attributes for Soil under Sugarcane and Agroforestry in Humaitá – AM, Brazil","authors":"I. A. D. Oliveira, M. Campos, Robson V. dos Santos, Romaria G. de Almeida, T. S. Martins, D. M. P. Silva, L. Freitas, F. P. D. Oliveira, B. C. Mantovanelli","doi":"10.5539/jsd.v16n4p79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v16n4p79","url":null,"abstract":"There is a lack of studies focusing on spatial variance of chemical attributes in Amazonas, Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate geo-statistics and sample density of chemical attributes in soils under sugarcane and agroforestry, Humaitá, Amazon state, Brazil. The research was carried out in the municipality of Humaitá, Amazon state, the areas were in meshes of 70 m x 70 m regularly spaced by 10 m, with 64 points per area, and then soil samples were collected in layers of 0.0-0.2 m and 0.4-0.6 m. We performed chemical analyses of the proprieties of soil. Then, it was applied descriptive statistics, geo-statistics and sample density techniques based on semivariogram coefficient of variation and range. As a result, we observed spatial dependence for most of the chemical proprieties in the two areas. Based on Cline, sugarcane presented a sample density of 237 (0.0-0.2 m) and 225 (0.4-0.6 m); and agroforestry had 356 (0.0-0.2 m) and 465 (0.4-0.6 m) points per hectare. Yet in the range sample density, sugarcane showed 30 (0.0-0.2 m) and 5 (0.4-0.6 m), whereas agroforestry areas had 23 (0.0-0.2 m) and 9 (0.4-0.6 m) points per ha.","PeriodicalId":91562,"journal":{"name":"Journal of sustainable development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49023812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Forest-Agriculture Conversion on Soil Physical-Water Attributes in Amazon Basin, Southeastern Brazil","authors":"F. G. Souza, B. C. Mantovanelli, Romaria G. de Almeida, D. M. P. Silva, M. Campos, J. M. Cunha, Robson V. dos Santos, E. D. C. Cavalcante, E. G. B. Brito Filho, F. P. D. Oliveira","doi":"10.5539/jsd.v16n4p66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v16n4p66","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have shown that negative changes in physical attributes affect root growth and plant development. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the impacts of forest-agricultural conversion on the physical-water attributes of the soil in the Amazon basin, southeastern Brazil. The study was carried out in Canutama - AM, in which areas of annatto, cupuaçu and guarana cultivation and a forest area were selected. Meshes of 90 m x 70 m, 90 m x 56 m and 54 m x 42 m were established, comprising 80 sampling points per layer. The points were georeferenced and the undisturbed soil samples were collected in volumetric rings to determine the physical and hydric attributes. data were submitted to descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis. It was observed that aspects such as the implementation time of the different use and occupation systems can be controlling factors for the restoration of these physical properties.","PeriodicalId":91562,"journal":{"name":"Journal of sustainable development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41725742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Sustainable Development, Vol. 16, No. 3","authors":"Sherry Sun","doi":"10.5539/jsd.v16n3p136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v16n3p136","url":null,"abstract":"Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Sustainable Development, Vol. 16, No. 3, 2023","PeriodicalId":91562,"journal":{"name":"Journal of sustainable development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44826944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erosion Pins: Installation, Readings, and Calculations of Soil Losses under the Effect of Hydrogel","authors":"José Falcão-Sobrinho, Simone Diniz, F.E.L. Barbosa, Pedro Henrique Graciano de Assis","doi":"10.5539/jsd.v16n4p57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v16n4p57","url":null,"abstract":"Erosion pins are considered a simple and inexpensive way to estimate soil losses due to erosion and have been used in different environments with different degrees and types of erosion. Despite the advantages of this technique, there is a shortage of studies that demonstrate how data systematization and soil loss calculations are performed using this technique. Therefore, this study aimed to present the step-by-step data systematization process of erosion pins obtained in the field and the calculation of soil losses, with the measurement of soil losses under the effect of hydrogel. Readings from 16 pins installed in an area cultivated with soursop trees planted on contour lines and associated with stone rows were monitored weekly between 19/02 and 19/03/2022 by measuring the distance between the soil surface and the end of each pin. The readings were organized by pin and date of measurement. Subsequently, soil lowering and burial, soil density, useful area of each pin, and soil loss in kg/m3 and Mg/ha-1 were determined, enabling statistical analysis and technical interpretation of the data.","PeriodicalId":91562,"journal":{"name":"Journal of sustainable development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45159404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nexus of Fiscal Instability and Developmental Outcomes in Nigeria","authors":"H. Adefeso, Olu Aluko","doi":"10.5539/jsd.v16n4p48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v16n4p48","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the effect of fiscal instability component on the fluctuation in welfare indicator for 45 years. Descriptive statistics reveals that fiscal component and real GDP per capital are largely unstable and Hodrick-Prescott filter (HPF) is employed as a smoothing measure of the long-term component. Descriptive statistics reveals that lesser government revenue had been committed to the development purposes compared with recurrent expenditure since the beginning of the fourth republic in Nigeria. Using ARDL model, the study found that, there exist a long-run association among the variable of interest as one percent increase in the rate of instability in recurrent expenditure led to an approximate of 30% reduction in the fluctuation of the welfare indicator while instability in the capital expenditure led to 36% increase in the fluctuation of the GDP per capital. In the short-run however, 1% increase in the immediate lagged value of cyclical capital expenditure had significantly increase the fluctuation in the current welfare index by 54% but such effect is reduced to 43% in two-year lagged. Also, one percent increase in the immediate lagged value of instability in the recurrent government expenditure had significantly reduced the fluctuation in the GDP per capital by 21% but only 9% of such reduction was off set in the two-year lagged. The study therefore, recommended greater control of instability in the fiscal components through diversification revenue base should be emphasized in other to stabilize the fluctuation of the welfare indicator in the short-run and long-run.","PeriodicalId":91562,"journal":{"name":"Journal of sustainable development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47585297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Experiences of Ontario's Rural Residents during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"F. Şekercioğlu, Saad El Hakmi, Alexis B. Lewis","doi":"10.5539/jsd.v16n4p34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v16n4p34","url":null,"abstract":"Rural residents are often more disadvantaged in responding to challenges compared to urban dwellers. Using a case study, our study aims to enhance the understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic’s effects on rural residents. The objectives of our study are to 1) explore rural residents' experiences as it relates to communication, access to government services, food security, and transportation; 2) examine the economic effects on rural populations on their income and employment. An online survey was completed anonymously through a google forms link by Middlesex County residents sample size N= (436). The survey questionnaire contained socio-demographics-related questions and closed-ended and open-ended questions. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS, while qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The pandemic has affected participants’ economic and social lives in significant ways. The primary reported issues were physical and mental health, employment and less income, transportation/travel inconvenience, access to food and essential needs, and social isolation.","PeriodicalId":91562,"journal":{"name":"Journal of sustainable development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48188487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiparty Democracy, Social Cohesion, and Human Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Conceptual Framework","authors":"H. Diori, Anchana NaRanong","doi":"10.5539/jsd.v16n4p22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v16n4p22","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes some assumptions regarding the complex relationship between multiparty democracy, social cohesion, and human development in Sub-Saharan Africa. A conceptual framework was used to map out this relationship. We assumed that because multiparty democracy is relatively new in Africa and increasingly challenging for most countries, its relationship with human development may neither be proximal, nor positive. With respect to social cohesion, we assumed that a socially cohesive society is more likely than a non-cohesive one to promote human development. Further, we assumed that although multiparty democracy is susceptible to exerting a negative or weak effect on human development, the relationship may be mitigated by the level of social cohesion. The immediate implication of this assumption is that multiparty democracy is likely to improve the well-being of the populations of sub-Saharan Africa if the degree of social cohesion is relatively high. The proffered assumptions may be of great interest for practitioners and researchers in human development studies and other relevant fields.","PeriodicalId":91562,"journal":{"name":"Journal of sustainable development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42709163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}