Brain connectivity最新文献

{"title":"Personal Income Performance Correlates with Brain Structural Network Modularity but Not Intelligence Quotient.","authors":"Fanny Nusbaum, Salem Hannoun, Berardino Barile, Ilaria Suprano, Sabine Mouchet, Dominique Sappey-Marinier","doi":"10.1089/brain.2023.0077","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2023.0077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> This study aims to use diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in conjunction with brain graph techniques to define brain structural connectivity and investigate its association with personal income (PI) in individuals of various ages and intelligence quotients (IQ). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> MRI examinations were performed on 55 male subjects (mean age: 40.1 ± 9.4 years). Graph data and metrics were generated, and DTI images were analyzed using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). All subjects underwent the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale for a reliable estimation of the full-scale IQ (FSIQ), which includes verbal comprehension index, perceptual reasoning index, working memory index, and processing speed index. The performance score was defined as the monthly PI normalized by the age of the subject. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The analysis of global graph metrics showed that modularity correlated positively with performance score (<i>p</i> = 0.003) and negatively with FSIQ (<i>p</i> = 0.04) and processing speed index (<i>p</i> = 0.005). No significant correlations were found between IQ indices and performance scores. Regional analysis of graph metrics showed modularity differences between right and left networks in sub-cortical (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and frontal (<i>p</i> = 0.044) networks. TBSS analysis showed greater axial and mean diffusivities in the high-performance group in correlation with their modular brain organization. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study showed that PI performance is strongly correlated with a modular organization of brain structural connectivity, which implies short and rapid networks, providing automatic and unconscious brain processing. Additionally, the lack of correlation between performance and IQ suggests a reduced role of academic reasoning skills in performance to the advantage of high uncertainty decision-making networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":" ","pages":"284-293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141287783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Brain Connectivity and Treatment Improvement in Mood Disorder.","authors":"Sébastien Dam, Jean-Marie Batail, Gabriel H Robert, Dominique Drapier, Pierre Maurel, Julie Coloigner","doi":"10.1089/brain.2023.0063","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2023.0063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> The treatment of depressive episodes is well established, with clearly demonstrated effectiveness of antidepressants and psychotherapies. However, more than one-third of depressed patients do not respond to treatment. Identifying the brain structural basis of treatment-resistant depression could prevent useless pharmacological prescriptions, adverse events, and lost therapeutic opportunities. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, we performed structural connectivity analyses on a cohort of 154 patients with mood disorder (MD) and 77 sex- and age-matched healthy control (HC) participants. To assess illness improvement, the patients with MD went through two clinical interviews at baseline and at 6-month follow-up and were classified based on the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement score into improved or not-improved (NI). First, the threshold-free network-based statistics (NBS) was conducted to measure the differences in regional network architecture. Second, nonparametric permutations tests were performed on topological metrics based on graph theory to examine differences in connectome organization. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The threshold-free NBS revealed impaired connections involving regions of the basal ganglia in patients with MD compared with HC. Significant increase of local efficiency and clustering coefficient was found in the lingual gyrus, insula, and amygdala in the MD group. Compared with the NI, the improved displayed significantly reduced network integration and segregation, predominately in the default-mode regions, including the precuneus, middle temporal lobe, and rostral anterior cingulate. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This study highlights the involvement of regions belonging to the basal ganglia, the fronto-limbic network, and the default mode network, leading to a better understanding of MD disease and its unfavorable outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":" ","pages":"239-251"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140292836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysconnectivity of the Nucleus Accumbens and Amygdala in Youths with Thought Problems: A Dimensional Approach.","authors":"Chen-Fang Chung, Jules R Dugré, Stéphane Potvin","doi":"10.1089/brain.2023.0082","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2023.0082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Youths with thought problems (TP) are at risk to develop psychosis and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Yet, the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning TP are still unclear. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have shown that striatal and limbic alterations are associated with psychosis-like and obsessive-like symptoms in individuals at clinical risk for psychosis, schizophrenia, and OCD. More specifically, nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and amygdala are mainly involved in these associations. The current study aims to investigate the neural correlates of TP in youth populations using a dimensional approach and explore potential cognitive functions and neurotransmitters associated with it. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Seed-to-voxels functional connectivity analyses using NAcc and amygdala as regions-of-interest were conducted with resting-state fMRI data obtained from 1360 young individuals, and potential confounders related to TP such as anxiety and cognitive functions were included as covariates in multiple regression analyses. Replicability was tested in using an adult cohort. In addition, functional decoding and neurochemical correlation analyses were performed to identify the associated cognitive functions and neurotransmitters. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The altered functional connectivities between the right NAcc and posterior parahippocampal gyrus, between the right amygdala and lateral prefrontal cortex, and between the left amygdala and the secondary visual area were the best predictors of TP in multiple regression model. These functional connections are mainly involved in social cognition and reward processing. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The results show that alterations in the functional connectivity of the NAcc and the amygdala in neural pathways involved in social cognition and reward processing are associated with severity of TP in youths.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":" ","pages":"226-238"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140206365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adult Neoneurogenesis and Oligodendrogenesis in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review of Human and Animal Studies.","authors":"Andreas Liampas, Vasilis-Spyridon Tseriotis, Artemios Artemiadis, Panagiotis Zis, Chrysanthi Argyropoulou, Nikolaos Grigoriadis, Georgios M Hadjigeorgiou, George Vavougyios","doi":"10.1089/brain.2023.0081","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2023.0081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The subventricular zone promotes remyelination through activation differentiation of oligodendroglial precursor cells (OPCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) into mature oligodendrocytes and thus in the adult brain. In multiple sclerosis (MS) this regenerative capability is halted resulting in neurodegeneration. We aimed to systematically search and synthesize evidence on mechanisms and phenomena associated with subventricular zone (SVZ) dysfunction in MS. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Our systematic review was reported according to the PRISMA-ScR statement. MEDLINE, SCOPUS, ProQuest, and Google Scholar were searched using the terms \"subventricular zone\" and \"multiple sclerosis,\" including English-written <i>in vivo</i> and postmortem studies. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Twenty studies were included. Thirteen studies on models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) reported among others strong stathmin immunoreactivity in the SVZ of EAE models, the role of MOG immunization in neurogenesis impairment, the effect of parenchymal OPCs and NSCs in myelin repair, and the importance of ependymal cells (E1/E2) and ciliated B1 cells in SVZ stem cell signaling. CXCR4 signaling and transcriptional profiles of SVZ microglia, Gli1 pathway, and galactin-3 were also explored. Studies in humans demonstrated microstructural SVZ damage in progressive MS and the persistence of black holes near the SVZ, whereas postmortem confirmed the generation of polysialic acid-neural cell adhesion molecule and NG2-positive progenitors through SVZ activation, SVZ stathmin immunoreactivity, Shh pathway, and Gal-3 upregulation. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> Oligodendrogenesis defects translate to reduced remyelination, a hallmark of MS that determines its end-phenotype and disease course. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The role of inflammation and subsequent SVZ microenvironment disruption is evident in MS pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":" ","pages":"209-225"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140292835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain Mechanisms Explaining Postural Imbalance in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Zaeem Hadi, Mohammad Mahmud, Barry M Seemungal","doi":"10.1089/brain.2023.0064","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2023.0064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Persisting imbalance and falls in community-dwelling traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors are linked to reduced long-term survival. However, a detailed understanding of the impact of TBI upon the brain mechanisms mediating imbalance is lacking. To understand the state of the art concerning the brain mechanisms mediating imbalance in TBI, we performed a systematic review of the literature. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched and peer-reviewed research articles in humans, with any severity of TBI (mild, moderate, severe, or concussion), which linked a postural balance assessment (objective or subjective) with brain imaging (through computed tomography, T1-weighted imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging [fMRI], resting-state fMRI, diffusion tensor imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, single-photon emission computed tomography, electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, near-infrared spectroscopy, and evoked potentials) were included. Out of 1940 articles, 60 were retrieved and screened, and 25 articles fulfilling inclusion criteria were included. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The most consistent finding was the link between imbalance and the cerebellum; however, the regions within the cerebellum were inconsistent. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> The lack of consistent findings could reflect that imbalance in TBI is due to a widespread brain network dysfunction, as opposed to focal cortical damage. The inconsistency in the reported findings may also be attributed to heterogeneity of methodology, including data analytical techniques, small sample sizes, and choice of control groups. Future studies should include a detailed clinical phenotyping of vestibular function in TBI patients to account for the confounding effect of peripheral vestibular disorders on imbalance and brain imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":" ","pages":"144-177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139721565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroencephalogram-Based Metastability in Mild Cognitive Impairment Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Surya Das, Subha D Puthankattil","doi":"10.1089/brain.2023.0041","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2023.0041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> In this study, we analyze metastability, a feature of brain dynamics in subjects experiencing mild cognitive impairment Alzheimer's disease (MCI-AD) under eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) conditions. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a critically prolonged brain disorder that interrupts neural synchronization and desynchronization. Thus, studying metastability under EO and EC conditions would help in understanding the cortical dynamics and its impact in early-stage AD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Metastability is investigated using three methods namely frequency variance analysis, Kuramoto order parameter, and through meta-state activation patterns. Frequency variance estimated from 21 electroencephalogram (EEG) channels was clustered into three regions namely anterior, central, and posterior to study the regional metastability analysis. Global metastability was assessed from Kuramoto order parameter and meta-state activation patterns by collating the 21 EEG channels. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Reduction in metastability was observed in central regions of MCI-AD subjects through the study of frequency variance analysis. There was a marked reduction in global metastability in the patient group under the resting EO condition. Reduction in meta-state activation properties such as temporal activation sequence complexity, modularity, and leap size in MCI-AD condition under the EO condition indicates an overall reduction in brain flexibility. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Taken together, the study infers an underlying structural change in neuronal dynamics influencing the reduction of metastability under the MCI-AD condition. The study further revealed that this reduction in metastability is more pronounced in the EO condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":" ","pages":"198-207"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71420699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced White Matter Fiber Density in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.","authors":"Zeinab Gharaylou, Fatemeh Shahbodaghy, Pirhossein Kolivand, Maryam Kolivand, Fatemeh Azizzadeh, Masoumeh Rostampour","doi":"10.1089/brain.2023.0068","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2023.0068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Improved understanding of multiple sclerosis (MS) symptomatology, disease mechanisms, and clinical effectiveness can be achieved by investigating microstructural damage. The aim was to gain deeper insights into changes in white matter (WM) tracts in MS patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging-based tractography was utilized to segment WM tracts into regions of interest for further quantitative analysis. However, tractography is susceptible to false-positive findings, reducing its specificity and clinical feasibility. To address these limitations, the Convex Optimization Modeling for Microstructure Informed Tractography (COMMIT) technique was used. COMMIT was used to derive measures of intracellular compartment (IC) and isotropic compartments from multishell diffusion data of 40 healthy controls (HCs) and 40 MS patients. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The analysis revealed a widespread pattern of significantly decreased IC values in MS patients compared with HCs across 61,581 voxels (<i>p</i>_FWE < 0.05, threshold-free cluster enhancement [TFCE] corrected). Similar WM structures studied using the fractional anisotropy (FA) value also showed a reduction in FA among MS patients compared with HCs across 57,304 voxels (<i>p</i>_FWE < 0.05, TFCE corrected). Out of the 61,581 voxels exhibiting lower IC, a substantial overlap of 47,251 voxels (76.72%) also demonstrated lower FA in MS patients compared with HCs. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> The data suggested that lower IC values contributed to the explanation of FA reductions. In addition, IC showed promising potential for evaluating microstructural abnormalities in WM in MS, potentially being more sensitive than the frequently used FA value.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":" ","pages":"172-181"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139671297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing the Visual Cortex Function in Cognitive Task-Induced Mental Load: An Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.","authors":"Monireh Mahjoob, Javad Heravian Shandiz, Ali Mirzajani, Maryam Behboodi, Hamid Sharini, Neda Nakhjavanpour, Ali Foroutannia","doi":"10.1089/brain.2023.0049","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2023.0049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The mental load caused by simultaneous multitasking can affect visual information processing and reduce its ability. This study investigated the effect of mental load caused by cognitive tasks simultaneously with visual task on the number of active voxels in the visual cortex. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This study recruited 22 individuals with a mean age of 24.72 ± 5.47 years. 3-Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to examine the functions of the visual cortex and amygdala region during three different task conditions: visual task alone, visual task with an auditory n-back task, and visual task with an arithmetic task. The visual stimuli consisted of Gabor patches with a contrast of 55% at spatial frequencies of 0.25, 4, and 9 cycles per degree (cpd). These were presented in three trials of eight blocks with a stimulation time of 12 sec and a rest time of 14 sec. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Activated brain voxels in the primary, secondary, and associated visual cortex areas were reduced in response to the mental load imposed by the n-back and arithmetic tasks. This reduction was greater for a spatial frequency of 0.25 cpd in the n-back task condition and spatial frequency of 9 cpd in the arithmetic task condition. In addition, the amygdala was stimulated in 2-back task and arithmetic task conditions. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This study revealed a decline in the number of activated voxels of the visual cortex due to the mental load caused by simultaneous cognitive tasks, confirming the findings of previous psychophysical studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":" ","pages":"189-197"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139929974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Thalamic Connectivity in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy Based on Electroencephalography Source-Level Analysis.","authors":"Dong Ah Lee, Sung Eun Kim, Kang Min Park","doi":"10.1089/brain.2023.0084","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2023.0084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> This study investigated alterations in the intrinsic thalamic network of patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) based on an electroencephalography (EEG) source-level analysis. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> We enrolled patients newly diagnosed with JME as well as healthy controls. The assessments were conducted in the resting state. We computed sources based on the scalp electrical potentials using a minimum-norm imaging method and a standardized, low-resolution, brain electromagnetic tomography approach. To create a functional connectivity matrix, we used the Talairach atlas to define thalamic nodes and applied the coherence method to measure brain synchronization as edges. We then calculated the intrinsic thalamic network using graph theory. We compared the intrinsic thalamic network of patients with JME with those of healthy controls. <b><i>Results:</i></b> This study included 67 patients with JME and 66 healthy controls. EEG source-level analysis revealed significant differences in the intrinsic thalamic networks between patients with JME and healthy controls. The measures of functional connectivity (radius, diameter, and characteristic path length) were significantly lower in patients with JME than in healthy controls (radius: 2.769 vs. 3.544, <i>p</i> = 0.015; diameter: 4.464 vs. 5.443, <i>p</i> = 0.024; and characteristic path length: 2.248 vs. 2.616, <i>p</i> = 0.046). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We demonstrated alterations in the intrinsic thalamic network in patients with JME compared with those in healthy controls based on the EEG source-level analysis. These findings indicated increased thalamic connectivity in the JME group. These intrinsic thalamic network changes may be related to the pathophysiology of JME.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":" ","pages":"182-188"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139721566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct Inside-Out Observation of Superficial White Matter Fasciculi in the Human Brain.","authors":"Guillaume Dannhoff, Alex Morichon, Mykyta Smirnov, Laurent Barantin, Christophe Destrieux, Igor Lima Maldonado","doi":"10.1089/brain.2023.0050","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2023.0050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Recent methodological advances in the study of the cerebral white matter have left short association fibers relatively underexplored due to their compact and juxtacortical nature, which represent significant challenges for both post-mortem post-cortex removal dissection and magnetic resonance-based diffusion imaging. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To introduce a novel inside-out post-mortem fiber dissection technique to assess short association fiber anatomy. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Six cerebral specimens were obtained from a body donation program and underwent fixation in formalin. Following two freezing and thawing cycles, a standardized protocol involving peeling fibers from deep structures towards the cortex was developed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The inside-out technique effectively exposed the superficial white matter. The procedure revealed distinguishable intergyral fibers, demonstrating their dissectability and enabling the identification of their orientation. The assessment of layer thickness was possible through direct observation and ex vivo morphological magnetic resonance imaging. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The inside-out fiber technique effectively demonstrates intergyral association fibers in the post-mortem human brain. It adds to the neuroscience armamentarium, overcoming methodological obstacles and offering an anatomical substrate essential for neural circuit modeling and the evaluation of neuroimaging congruence. Impact statement The inside-out fiber dissection technique enables a totally new perception of cerebral connectivity as the observer navigates inside the parenchyma and looks toward the cerebral surface with the subcortical white matter and the cortical mantle in place. This approach has proven very effective for exposing intergyral association fibers, which have shown to be much more distinguishable from an inner perspective. It gave rise to unprecedented images of the human superficial white matter and allowed, for the first time, direct observation of this vast mantle of fascicles on entire cerebral hemisphere aspects.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":" ","pages":"107-121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139671296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}