Journal of interdisciplinary nanomedicine最新文献

{"title":"Abstract","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jin2.14","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jin2.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Shahd Abuhelal (<span>[email protected]</span>)*</p><p><i>King's College London/Institute of Pharmaceutical Science</i></p><p>siRNA treatment can result in decreased protein expression and could be used to treat cancer or other diseases. Successful application depends on efficient delivery inside target cells. Here, we aim to design and optimise a nano-carrier suitable for siRNA delivery, with high encapsulation efficiency and stability for use in vitro and in vivo to target cancer.</p><p>Liposomes and pH-sensitive peptides assembled as ternary complex were investigated as siRNA delivery systems. Physicochemical characteristics (size, zeta potential, siRNA maintenance, release and aggregation) were tested. Cell uptake and luciferase knock down were evaluated in vitro, and some complexes tested for biodistribution <i>in vivo</i>.</p><p>Hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of the lipoplex, peptide complexes and ternary complexs were similar. Although lipoplexes showed better encapsulation, they were less stable in serum. Ternary complexes offered better protection for the siRNA. Improved cell uptake was seen for ternary complexes in comparison with peptide complex and lipoplex. Knock down studies revealed optimal effects ternary complexes, and preliminary <i>in vivo</i> experiments showed tumour accumulation of lipoplex.</p><p>These siRNA delivery vehicles appear promising for in vivo applications, and work is now focused on the improvement of cell targeting, in vitro and in vivo PK/PD.</p><p>Chris Adams (<span>[email protected]</span>)*</p><p><i>Keele University</i></p><p>Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are key translational platforms with the ability to label cells for non-invasive imaging and genetically engineer cells for release of therapeutic biomolecules. We show for the first time that application of magnetic fields can safely enhance MNP mediated labelling and genetic engineering of autologous canine olfactory mucosal cells (cOMCs), a key veterinary cell population for treatment of spinal injury in companion dogs. Crucially, the developed protocols were successfully combined with advanced minicircle DNA vectors to deliver brain derived neurotrophic factor (important in promoting nerve fibre outgrowth) to cOMCs. Minicircles have distinct advantages for clinical gene delivery due to their small size, lack of bacterial backbone and duration of transgene expression. Finally, we also show that MNP labelling can facilitate imaging of cOMCs encapsulated in implantable collagen hydrogels using non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging. A combination of these methodologies could enable translation of safe and effective cOMC transplantation strategies.</p><p>Mohammad Ahmad Abdallah Al-Natour (<span>[email protected]</span>)*</p><p><i>University and Institution: University of Nottingham</i></p><p><b>Abstract</b></p><p>Recent years have witnessed unexpected growth of research on the medical applications of nanotechnology (nanomedicine), especially the ","PeriodicalId":91547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interdisciplinary nanomedicine","volume":"1 2","pages":"35-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jin2.14","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50843753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Encapsulation of the p38 MAPK inhibitor GSK 678361A in nanoparticles for inflammatory-based disease states","authors":"Baljinder K Bains,&nbsp;Michelle K Greene,&nbsp;Leona M McGirr,&nbsp;Jay Dorman,&nbsp;Stuart N Farrow,&nbsp;Christopher J Scott","doi":"10.1002/jin2.9","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jin2.9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) are currently being pursued as therapeutics in inflammatory conditions, but many candidates have demonstrated limited efficacy or toxicity issues to date. Nanoformulation of p38 MAPK inhibitors may overcome these challenges, by enabling controlled release and targeted delivery. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a nanoformulation of the p38 MAPK inhibitor GSK 678361A and subsequently validate its anti-inflammatory efficacy in vitro, versus the drug in its free format. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles encapsulating GSK 678361A were prepared via a salting-out method and characterised by photon correlation spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography. The anti-inflammatory effect of both free and nanoformulated GSK 678361A was evaluated in cultures of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, with subsequent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis of TNF-α and IL-6 providing readouts of efficacy. A controlled release nanoformulation of GSK 678361A was successfully developed, with physicochemical characterisation revealing an average particle diameter of 115.5 ± 3.5 nm and polydispersity index of 0.13 ± 0.03, indicative of a homogeneous size distribution. GSK 678361A loading was quantified at 10.1 ± 0.4 µg per mg of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), equating to an entrapment efficiency of approximately 50%. When tested in cultures of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, GSK 678361A nanoparticles inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines to an extent that was largely comparable with the free drug, although superior efficacy of the nanoformulation was observed at selected doses. These studies indicate that GSK 678361A may be successfully nanoformulated without loss of drug activity, warranting further evaluation in models of inflammation in vivo. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Interdisciplinary Nanomedicine published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd and the British Society for Nanomedicine</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":91547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interdisciplinary nanomedicine","volume":"1 3","pages":"85-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jin2.9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50843539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation, loading, and cytotoxicity analysis of polymer nanotubes from an ethylene glycol dimethacrylate homopolymer in comparison to multi-walled carbon nanotubes","authors":"Ben Newland,&nbsp;Laurent Thomas,&nbsp;Yu Zheng,&nbsp;Martin Steinhart,&nbsp;Carsten Werner,&nbsp;Wenxin Wang","doi":"10.1002/jin2.7","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jin2.7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite concerns over toxicity, carbon nanotubes have been extensively investigated for potential applications in nanomedicine because of their small size, unique properties, and ability to carry cargo such as small molecules and nucleic acids. Herein, we show that polymer nanotubes can be synthesized quickly and easily from a homopolymer of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). The nanotubes formed via photo-initiated polymerization of the highly functional prepolymer, inside an anodized aluminium oxide template, have a regular structure and large internal pore and can be loaded with a fluorescent dye within minutes representing a simple alternative to multi-walled carbon nanotubes for biomedical applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":91547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interdisciplinary nanomedicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"9-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jin2.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34641915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymer therapeutics in surgery: the next frontier","authors":"Ernest A. Azzopardi,&nbsp;R. Steven Conlan,&nbsp;Iain S. Whitaker","doi":"10.1002/jin2.6","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jin2.6","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Polymer therapeutics is a successful branch of nanomedicine, which is now established in several facets of everyday practice. However, to our knowledge, no literature regarding the application of the underpinning principles, general safety, and potential of this versatile class to the perioperative patient has been published. This study provides an overview of polymer therapeutics applied to clinical surgery, including the evolution of this demand-oriented scientific field, cutting-edge concepts, its implications, and limitations, illustrated by products already in clinical use and promising ones in development. In particular, the effect of design of polymer therapeutics on biophysical and biochemical properties, the potential for targeted delivery, smart release, and safety are addressed. Emphasis is made on principles, giving examples in salient areas of demand in current surgical practice. Exposure of the practising surgeon to this versatile class is crucial to evaluate and maximise the benefits that this established field presents and to attract a new generation of clinician–scientists with the necessary knowledge mix to drive highly successful innovation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":91547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interdisciplinary nanomedicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"19-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jin2.6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34412460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interdisciplinary nanomedicine publications through interdisciplinary peer-review","authors":"Andrew Owen,&nbsp;Steve Rannard,&nbsp;Raj Bawa,&nbsp;Si-Shen Feng","doi":"10.1002/jin2.1","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jin2.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nanomedicine aims to apply and further develop nanotechnology to solve problems in medicine, related to diagnosis, treatment and/or disease prevention at the cellular and molecular level (Feng, <span>2006</span>; Feng and Chien, <span>2003</span>). Nanomedicine by nature is interdisciplinary, with benefits being realized at the interface of science and engineering, physical science and engineering, chemical science and engineering, cellular and molecular biology, pharmacology and pharmaceutics, medical sciences and technology and combinations thereof. The difference in perspective between disciplines may be partly responsible for the lack of nomenclature or universally-accepted definition for various “nano” terms, which causes issues with respect to publication consistency, regulatory agencies, patent offices, industry and the business community (Rannard &amp; Owen, <span>2009</span>; Tinkle <i>et al</i>., <span>2014</span>; Bawa, <span>2013</span>; Bawa, <span>2016</span>). Regulatory agencies such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA; http://www.fda.gov/) and European Medicines Agency (EMA; http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/) have generally failed to employ an interdisciplinary approach to regulate nanoscale technologies in the same manner as they apply to drugs because they do not fully appreciate the interdisciplinary nature or novel characteristics of many submissions that disclose nanomedicines (e.g., as a result of high-surface-area to-volume ratio, inherent reactivity due to a greater proportion of exposed surface atoms, unpredictable properties, or toxicity profiles as compared to bulk). Currently, these agencies instead rely upon established laws and regulations validated through experience with conventional small molecule medicines. Synthesis and characterization of molecular biomaterials forms the material basis for nanomedicines. Molecular biomaterials may include synthesized biocompatible polymers such as currently accepted biodegradable polymers including polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL) and polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), or molecularly engineered macromolecules such as lipids, DNAs, RNAs, proteins and peptides. Such biomaterials are either used to stabilize nanosized particles of drug or to form nano-carrier technologies for sustained, controlled or targeted release of diagnostic and therapeutic agents to enhance their biological effects and to reduce their side effects (Feng <i>et al.</i>, <span>2007</span>; Owen, <span>2014</span>; Bawa, <span>2016</span>).</p><p>Similarly, patent offices also often fail to recognize that an interdisciplinary approach needs to be applied by patent examiners while reviewing nanotechnology-based patent applications, since the technologies reflected in these patent applications often involve a combination of disciplines. In fact, non-uniform or improper patent prosecution is the major reason for the issuance of patents of dubious scope and breadth where the patent holder is u","PeriodicalId":91547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interdisciplinary nanomedicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"4-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jin2.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50843695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}