Ashton Curry-Hyde, Bei Jun Chen, J. D. Mills, M. Janitz
{"title":"Microexons: novel regulators of the transcriptome","authors":"Ashton Curry-Hyde, Bei Jun Chen, J. D. Mills, M. Janitz","doi":"10.1080/23324015.2018.1491940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23324015.2018.1491940","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Alternative splicing of RNA is a fundamental post-transcriptional regulatory process that leads to a vast diversity of proteins being translated from a relatively small number of genomic loci. Microexons, a set of very small protein-coding sequences of 1-17 amino acids, have only recently been recognised as an important part of pre-mRNA processing. Recent studies have revealed that microexons can play important roles in various cellular functions, protein-protein interactions and have also been associated with various neurological diseases. This review provides an update on research covering the functional impact of microexons on the biology of a cell and disease, and the mechanisms by which their splicing is regulated. Finally, the current bioinformatics methods for detecting microexons are discussed.","PeriodicalId":91543,"journal":{"name":"Journal of human transcriptome","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23324015.2018.1491940","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43374663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Welcome message from the Editor-in-Chief","authors":"Michael Janitz","doi":"10.3109/23324015.2014.965604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/23324015.2014.965604","url":null,"abstract":"On behalf of the Editorial Team and Informa Healthcare, the publishers, it gives me great pleasure to introduce the Journal of Human Transcriptome (JHT). The JHT is an onlineonly, Open Access publishing platform to propagate the rapidly expanding research on many aspects of human genome regulation. This includes, just to mention a few, regulation of the expression of protein-coding genes and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as well as epigenetic mechanisms and RNA editing. The idea of the journal came from recognizing the need to consolidate and streamline the dissemination of research on unique features of the human genome, for example, in the emerging field of long ncRNAs, with many of them being human specific. A further motivation to establish the JHT was to provide a publishing space for communicating advances in high-throughput technologies, such as next-generation sequencing and microarrays, that will enable a more comprehensive exploration of genomic complexity in humans. Finally, clinical and disease context for transcriptome investigation comprises an important part of the JHT’s publishing scope. Indeed, there is an increasing recognition in the literature that the molecular pathomechanisms of many complex diseases are not only determined by mutations in the protein-coding regions of causative genes but they also result from the perturbation of alternative splicing or interactions of protein-coding transcripts with antisense RNAs. Recent advances in the studies of pervasive transcription also suggest that tissueand cell-type-specific ncRNAs play an important role in the etiologies of complex disorders.","PeriodicalId":91543,"journal":{"name":"Journal of human transcriptome","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/23324015.2014.965604","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69460909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melanie Ward, Callum McEwan, James D Mills, Michael Janitz
{"title":"Conservation and tissue-specific transcription patterns of long noncoding RNAs.","authors":"Melanie Ward, Callum McEwan, James D Mills, Michael Janitz","doi":"10.3109/23324015.2015.1077591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/23324015.2015.1077591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past decade, the focus of molecular biology has shifted from being predominately DNA and protein-centric to having a greater appreciation of RNA. It is now accepted that the genome is pervasively transcribed in tissue- and cell-specific manner, to produce not only protein-coding RNAs, but also an array of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Many of these ncRNAs have been found to interact with DNA, protein and other RNA molecules where they exert regulatory functions. Long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) are a subclass of ncRNAs that are particularly interesting due to their cell-specific and species-specific expression patterns and unique conservation patterns. Currently, individual lncRNAs have been classified functionally; however, for the vast majority the functional relevance is unknown. To better categorize lncRNAs, an understanding of their specific expression patterns and evolutionary constraints are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":91543,"journal":{"name":"Journal of human transcriptome","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/23324015.2015.1077591","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34603982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}