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Benefits of genetically modified herbicide tolerant canola in Western Canada 加拿大西部转基因耐除草剂油菜籽的益处
International journal of biotechnology Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1504/IJBT.2014.068928
S. Smyth, P. Phillips, D. Castle
{"title":"Benefits of genetically modified herbicide tolerant canola in Western Canada","authors":"S. Smyth, P. Phillips, D. Castle","doi":"10.1504/IJBT.2014.068928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBT.2014.068928","url":null,"abstract":"Commercial production of genetically modified herbicide tolerant (GMHT) canola began in Western Canada in 1997. By 2007, it generated between $374 million and $422 million in net direct and indirect benefits for producers, partly attributed to lower input costs and better weed control. Prior to GMHT canola, weeds were controlled by herbicides and tillage. Much of the tillage associated with GMHT canola production has been eliminated now that 66% of producers use conservation tillage. A reduction in the total number of chemical applications has resulted in a decrease of 1.3 million kg of herbicide active ingredient being applied annually. When comparing canola production in 1995 and 2006, the environmental impact of herbicides applied to canola decreased 53% per hectare and producer exposure to chemicals decreased 56%.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJBT.2014.068928","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66714109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Evaluating GM biofortified rice in areas with a high prevalence of folate deficiency 在叶酸缺乏症高发地区评价转基因生物强化水稻
International journal of biotechnology Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1504/IJBT.2014.068943
H. Steur, M. Dora, Dieter Blancquaert, Ge Liqun, W. Lambert, D. Straeten, X. Gellynck
{"title":"Evaluating GM biofortified rice in areas with a high prevalence of folate deficiency","authors":"H. Steur, M. Dora, Dieter Blancquaert, Ge Liqun, W. Lambert, D. Straeten, X. Gellynck","doi":"10.1504/IJBT.2014.068943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBT.2014.068943","url":null,"abstract":"Folate biofortified rice is considered a novel strategy to reduce the burden of folate deficiency. This study quantifies the possible health benefits of introducing this GM crop in two regions at high risk of folate deficiency and neural-tube defects, namely Balrampur (India) and Shanxi (China). By measuring the number of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost, the results not only highlight the problematic situation in these regions, but also demonstrate the effectiveness of folate biofortification, which could save between 29-111 DALYs (Balrampur) and between 47-104 DALYs per 1,000 births (Shanxi). A sensitivity analysis underlines the impact of the parameters of the DALY framework.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJBT.2014.068943","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66714278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Science, technology and innovation policy to sustain agricultural biotechnology in emerging economies: evidence from Mexico 在新兴经济体维持农业生物技术的科学、技术和创新政策:来自墨西哥的证据
International journal of biotechnology Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1504/IJBT.2014.068934
J. Rodriguez, César Navarro-Chávez, Mario Gómez, M. Mier
{"title":"Science, technology and innovation policy to sustain agricultural biotechnology in emerging economies: evidence from Mexico","authors":"J. Rodriguez, César Navarro-Chávez, Mario Gómez, M. Mier","doi":"10.1504/IJBT.2014.068934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBT.2014.068934","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses agricultural biotechnology in emerging economies. Particularly, the case of Mexico is studied as an example of how agricultural biotechnology has evolved in these countries. A system dynamics (SD) model is developed to evaluate alternative science, technology and innovation (STI) policy scenarios of biotechnology activity in Mexico. From this analysis, it seems that cooperative and mission STI policies are more suitable for supporting and developing agricultural biotechnology. This analysis supports the idea that the presence of venture capital markets, a positive attitude among consumers for consuming genetically modified organisms (GMOs), an entrepreneurial attitude among scientist, and the development of management capabilities are core variables to advance biotechnology innovation systems (BISs) in emerging economies.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJBT.2014.068934","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66714162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
How negative product attributes alter consumer perceptions of folate biofortified rice in a high risk region of China 负面产品属性如何改变中国高风险地区消费者对叶酸生物强化大米的看法
International journal of biotechnology Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1504/IJBT.2013.059256
H. Steur, Dieter Blancquaert, X. Gellynck, S. Storozhenko, Ge Liqun, W. Lambert, D. Straeten, J. Viaene
{"title":"How negative product attributes alter consumer perceptions of folate biofortified rice in a high risk region of China","authors":"H. Steur, Dieter Blancquaert, X. Gellynck, S. Storozhenko, Ge Liqun, W. Lambert, D. Straeten, J. Viaene","doi":"10.1504/IJBT.2013.059256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBT.2013.059256","url":null,"abstract":"Folate biofortified rice is recently developed as a future strategy to reduce folate deficiency, particularly in poor, rural high risk regions, like Shanxi Province. Although 62% of rice consumers in this Chinese region are likely to accept this GM product, biofortification could negatively change product attributes, which may hamper acceptance. The results of this ex-ante evaluation show that when the taste, the environmental impact or the price of folate biofortified rice would be negatively altered, the initial acceptance rate would be more or less halved. Based on a survey with 588 consumers, four different segments could be identified: ‘Traditional attribute buyers’ (17.9%), ‘Price and availability consciousness’ (20.2%), ‘Intrinsic attribute buyers’ (27.4%) and ‘Health seekers’ (34.5%). Although there is a market for folate biofortified rice in Shanxi Province, future research and development need to take into account the importance of potential attribute changes to further ensure the acceptance rate.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJBT.2013.059256","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66714131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
The socio-economic impacts of currently commercialised genetically engineered crops 目前商业化的转基因作物的社会经济影响
International journal of biotechnology Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1504/IJBT.2013.059248
J. Carpenter
{"title":"The socio-economic impacts of currently commercialised genetically engineered crops","authors":"J. Carpenter","doi":"10.1504/IJBT.2013.059248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBT.2013.059248","url":null,"abstract":"A substantial and growing body of literature now exists on the socio-economic impacts of genetically engineered (GE) crops. While the bulk of literature has focused on the primary impacts of commercialised GE technology, in terms of changes in yields, costs and profitability, researchers have increasingly addressed a range of additional questions such as the distribution of impacts across groups, as well as secondary impacts on labour","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJBT.2013.059248","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66714045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Uncertainty, governance alignment, and firm performance in biotechnology alliances 生物技术联盟中的不确定性、治理一致性与企业绩效
International journal of biotechnology Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1504/IJBT.2013.059247
M. Santoro
{"title":"Uncertainty, governance alignment, and firm performance in biotechnology alliances","authors":"M. Santoro","doi":"10.1504/IJBT.2013.059247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBT.2013.059247","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the importance of alliances in industries such as biotechnology, few studies have addressed how performance outcomes are affected by firm-level propensities toward alliance formation and alliance governance. We use transaction cost economics and real options reasoning to develop and test how uncertainties in alliance transactions affect firm performance, and how governance choices moderate performance outcomes. Data obtained on biotechnology alliances formed during the nine-year period from 1999 to 2007 involving 461 firms with 2,687 alliances were used in an empirical test of our model using hierarchical regression in a two-stage approach. Results support our argument that firm-level performance is negatively related to firm-level uncertainties from the firm’s alliances and the choice of alliance governance moderates these performance effects in distinctive ways. We then discuss the joint influence of transaction cost, real options reasoning on a firm’s alliance portfolio and its relationship to firm performance and offer implications of our findings for theory, research, and management practice.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJBT.2013.059247","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66714025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Forces influencing developing country views of agricultural biotechnology: an analysis of training programme participants’ perceptions 影响发展中国家对农业生物技术看法的力量:对培训方案参与者看法的分析
International journal of biotechnology Pub Date : 2012-11-09 DOI: 10.1504/IJBT.2012.050224
J. Guenthner, K. Maredia, C. Weebadde
{"title":"Forces influencing developing country views of agricultural biotechnology: an analysis of training programme participants’ perceptions","authors":"J. Guenthner, K. Maredia, C. Weebadde","doi":"10.1504/IJBT.2012.050224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBT.2012.050224","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural biotechnology is expanding around the world, but societal acceptance remains an important issue. Michigan State University (MSU) has developed and implemented an agricultural biotechnology short course for developing countries. Four courses were taught to regional groups in 2002–2003 and eight more were taught to geographically diverse groups in 2004–2008. One half day of each course was devoted to issues related to biotechnology acceptance. The participants discussed the pro-GM and anti-GM forces in their countries. Scientists were the top ranked pro-GM force and information was the top anti-GM force. Regional differences were found between forces such as food security and economics. Possible temporal differences included a rising influence of farmers on the pro-GM side and a falling influence of environmental NGOs on the anti-GM side.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJBT.2012.050224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66714412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Who owns the intellectual property and where? The case of Canadian biotechnology 谁拥有知识产权，在哪里?以加拿大生物技术为例
International journal of biotechnology Pub Date : 2012-11-09 DOI: 10.1504/IJBT.2012.050223
Andrea Schiffauerova, C. Beaudry
{"title":"Who owns the intellectual property and where? The case of Canadian biotechnology","authors":"Andrea Schiffauerova, C. Beaudry","doi":"10.1504/IJBT.2012.050223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBT.2012.050223","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we examine biotechnology innovation in Canada. We make a profile description of Canadian biotechnology in the 12 most important agglomerations in terms of patenting quality and quantity, the nature of biotechnology activities, the properties of the assignees and their propensity to collaborate. The analysis of patent-owning organisations reveals a crucial role of the publicly funded research in Canadian biotechnology. We identify and compare the importance of well developed intellectual property policies and functioning technology transfer offices at universities. We find evidence of only very little cooperation that would result in the co-assignment of the intellectual property among organisations.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJBT.2012.050223","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66714398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Assessing quality, content, and accessibility of web information about plant biotechnology 评估植物生物技术网络信息的质量、内容和可访问性
International journal of biotechnology Pub Date : 2012-11-09 DOI: 10.1504/IJBT.2012.050239
B. M. Zawedde, S. Sooriyapathirana, P. Bigelow, J. Hancock, R. Grumet
{"title":"Assessing quality, content, and accessibility of web information about plant biotechnology","authors":"B. M. Zawedde, S. Sooriyapathirana, P. Bigelow, J. Hancock, R. Grumet","doi":"10.1504/IJBT.2012.050239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBT.2012.050239","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to obtain reliable information is critical for decision makers. We examined sources of information about plant biotechnology available on the internet to identify credible, high calibre websites. Google-based searches were performed using: 'plant biotechnology', 'plant genetic engineering', 'genetically modified organisms', 'GMO', 'living modified organisms' and 'LMO'. Lists of websites retrieved, frequency of use, and audience varied greatly depending on keyword. Quality of content as assessed by frequency of updates, subject depth, declaration of authorship, indication of source of information, credibility of source, and neutrality, differed significantly among websites. The majority of high quality sites had government, academic, or research affiliations, however these were less frequently retrieved among the top listed websites. To ensure accurate public awareness about plant biotechnology it is important that high quality sites are recommended by information providers, and that they utilise terminology most frequently used by the public.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJBT.2012.050239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66713968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Estimating production technical efficiency for the US biopharmaceutical industry 估计美国生物制药工业的生产技术效率
International journal of biotechnology Pub Date : 2012-11-09 DOI: 10.1504/IJBT.2012.050240
Yi Lin, C. Hong
{"title":"Estimating production technical efficiency for the US biopharmaceutical industry","authors":"Yi Lin, C. Hong","doi":"10.1504/IJBT.2012.050240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBT.2012.050240","url":null,"abstract":"This article estimates the production technical efficiency of pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies under heterogeneous technologies. We employ metafrontier analysis to estimate the production metafrontier technical efficiency during the period 1989–2007. When using traditional stochastic frontier analysis, the results show that the technical efficiency of the biotechnology companies is smaller than that of the pharmaceutical companies. However, when using metafrontier analysis, the technical efficiency of the biotechnology companies is found to be significantly higher than that of the pharmaceutical companies. Thus, using the traditional stochastic frontier analysis to estimate the production technical efficiency of the biopharmaceutical industry may lead to erroneous conclusions. This paper has the advantage of being able to solve the possible bias that might arise from assuming that frontiers are identical as in conventional studies, and the inefficiencies can be evaluated elastically an...","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJBT.2012.050240","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66714011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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