{"title":"Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Relaxation Training for Depression","authors":"Carol N. S. Fung, R. White","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAP.20120202.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAP.20120202.02","url":null,"abstract":"Depression is a burdening disease worldwide despite the availability of published clinical guidelines, neces- sitating an expansion of treatment options. Relaxation training (RT) is an easily accessible treatment that receives limited research attention on its effectiveness for treating depression. This systematic review retrieved eight studies with mixed methods to evaluate the effectiveness of RT in treating depression using qualitative thematic analysis. Findings showed that RT is a simple, low-cost treatment that can alleviate self-reported mild depressive symptoms in young populations. It is a coping skill that boosts individuals' sense of self-efficacy, counteracting the effects of depression. RT plays the role of a common adjuvant treatment that is endorsed and used by practitioners, non-professional personnel, patients and the general public. With further evidence on its long-term effects and the suitable recipients, RT can be promoted which can possibly lessen the burden of depression.","PeriodicalId":91505,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied psychology","volume":"7 1","pages":"8-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87514754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Assessment of Psychopathology in Drug Addicted Victims: A Clinical Psychologist Perspective","authors":"Kasomo Daniel","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAP.20120203.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAP.20120203.01","url":null,"abstract":"There has long been an effort to develop a single unifying theory to explain the phenomenon of drug depend- ence. Some of these efforts have focused on psychoanalytic theory, various aspects of ego functioning, socio-economic factors, and physiological effects of drugs. Most investigators, however, have focused on character pathology in addicts and have considered addiction as representing one form of character disorder. There has been a lack of emphasis on various psychiatric conditions which could predispose and accompany drug dependence. This paper considers drug dependence as a multi-etiological phenomenon. This paper explores various psychiatric problems identified in drug dependent individuals and how they interact with the drug dependence. The use of psychotropic agents in the treatment of drug dependent persons is also explored.","PeriodicalId":91505,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied psychology","volume":"19 1","pages":"17-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82186860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Relationship Between Attitude Toward Time and the Presence of Meaning in Life","authors":"Aneta M. Przepiorka","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAP.20120203.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAP.20120203.02","url":null,"abstract":"The presented study was concerned with the relation between attitude toward time and the presence of meaning in life. Attitude toward time consists of temporal orientation and perception of time expressed through temporal metaphors. A group of 120 respondents took part in the study. They represented two groups: high school students in their final year, in the adolescence period (N = 60, mean age = 18), and university students in their final year, in the young adulthood period (N = 60, mean age = 24); both groups may be regarded as being at the turning point of their life, with important decisions concerning their future to be made. It was expected that the more positive attitude toward time was, the higher the experience of meaning in life would be. It was also hypothesized that the dimensions of attitude toward time would be determinants of the presence of meaning in life. To verify those assumptions, correlation and regression analyses were computed. As predicted, the more extended the time perspective was, the higher meaning in life people experienced. There was also a positive correlation between meaning in life and temporal organization of behavior (telicity, planning, detailness, and use of time). Furthermore, the perception of time as friendly correlated positively with meaning in life, and the perception of time as hostile revealed the opposite pattern. Some differences were also found regarding correlations with age. Young adults experienced greater meaning in life; their time perspective was more extended and better organized. Adolescents suffered from greater pressure of time and perceived their time in a more negative way than young adults did. The most significant predictors of the presence of meaning in life were low pressure of time, low hostile time, and high friendly time.","PeriodicalId":91505,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied psychology","volume":"10 1","pages":"22-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76372895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizabeth Arnott-Hill, Peter M. Hastings, D. Allbritton
{"title":"Intelligent Tutoring in a Non-Traditional College Classroom Setting","authors":"Elizabeth Arnott-Hill, Peter M. Hastings, D. Allbritton","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAP.20120202.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAP.20120202.01","url":null,"abstract":"Research Methods Tutor (RMT) is a web-based intelligent tutoring system designed for use in conjunction with introductory research methods courses. RMT has been shown to result in average learning gains of .75 SDs above classroom instruction in traditional college environments. However, a primary goal of the RMT project is to provide greater access to tutoring for students without access to traditional one-on-one human tutoring. Therefore, we further tested RMT's effec- tiveness at a university that enrolls primarily non-traditional students. Although we again found evidence of RMT's effec- tiveness, a few key outcome differences between traditional and non-traditional environments emerged, including percep- tions of the pedagogical agent and access to the system.","PeriodicalId":91505,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied psychology","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82038356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ireri, Philomena N. Mathuvi, Amos M. Njagi, Eric G. Mwenda, H. Gatumu, M. Piero, N. Karugu
{"title":"Assessing Young Peoples' Momentary Thoughts About Sex: A Proposal of the Sex Envelope Game","authors":"A. Ireri, Philomena N. Mathuvi, Amos M. Njagi, Eric G. Mwenda, H. Gatumu, M. Piero, N. Karugu","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAP.20120203.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAP.20120203.03","url":null,"abstract":"Most sexual reproductive health programmes for young people in developing countries depend on foreign concepts and data ignoring potential local strategies. Finding more effective ways for needs assessment and to engage young people in sexual health discussions is essential. Owing to the lack of research tools to investigate young people's thoughts about sex, this paper proposes the sex envelope game based on results of a study conducted in Kenya among 113 participants (average age=23.9 years, Sd., 3.9). Results indicate that the simple method of the sex envelope game elicits important information regarding adolescents' thoughts about sex. Areas of further research are suggested.","PeriodicalId":91505,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied psychology","volume":"188 1","pages":"31-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83459165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Context, Anchoring and Dispositional Effects in Evaluating Product Prices","authors":"E. Elaad, Neta Sayag-Pinto","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAP.20120204.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAP.20120204.03","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of product prices is to some extent influenced by a d iverse set of cognitive heuristics. The context in which the evaluation takes place, internal dispositions and external stimuli influence informat ion processing and judgment formation. In the present field study three groups of factors were applied: (a) product price references (maximu m, minimu m, or no reference) wh ich were either closely or remotely tied to the actual price of the product; (b) the context in wh ich the products were evaluated (prestigious or less prestigious shopping centers); and (c) internal motivational dispositions which help to generate peoples' expectations and direct their judgments (peoples wealth, education level, and disposition toward quality). Results showed that all factors affected product price estimates. Results were explained by expectations created by heuristics such as anchoring and adjustment and availability. Visitors' d ifferent expectations in prestigious centers (quality) and less prestigious centers (bargains) was the most influential factor.","PeriodicalId":91505,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied psychology","volume":"100 1","pages":"53-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76066862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of Prior Victimization and Socio-Economic Status on People’s Crime-Reporting Behavior","authors":"Avdi S. Avdija, Dennis Giever","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAP.20120204.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAP.20120204.04","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not prior victimizat ion, along with socio-economic status affect people's willingness to report crimes to authorities. This study is limited to addressing the effect of prior v ictimization on willingness to report crimes by 1) the type of victimizat ion (i.e., being a v ictim of property crimes or a victim o f crimes against persons), 2) being a vict im of a crime, regardless of the type of crime versus not being a victim, and 3) the difference in crime-report ing variation between the two. The findings of this research study are based on the analyses of the data that have been collected through a self-admin istered survey questionnaire distributed to 531 undergraduate university students. Overall, the findings that emerged fro m this study suggest that prior victimizat ion cannot be considered a good predictor of crime -reporting behavior.","PeriodicalId":91505,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied psychology","volume":"26 10 1","pages":"59-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82626437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Emotion of Admiration Improves Employees’ Goal Orientations and Contextual Performance","authors":"E. Galliani, M. Vianello","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAP.20120204.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAP.20120204.02","url":null,"abstract":"Admiration is the other-praising emotion elicited by the display of outstanding skills, talents, or achievements. Most leadership theories state that effective leaders are ad mired role models that fo llo wers emu late. Nevertheless, no dem- onstration has been provided so far about the actual role of ad miration in the leader-follower relationship. This paper shows that leaders who display technical and managerial co mpetences motivate employees by means of the positive emotion of admiration they elicit. Specifically, we hypothesized and demonstrated that admirat ion elicited in employees by their leader's skills increases both their goal orientation to prove and imp rove their own skills and their contextual performance. In a first field experiment on 137 sales representatives we observed an indirect positive relationship between leader's skills and followers' state-goal orientations. Admiration mediated the positive effect o f leader's skills on emp loyees' motivation. In this study, we also observed a direct and detrimental impact of leaders' skills on employees learn ing and proving goal orientations. In a second, cross-sectional, study on 146 full-t ime teachers we observed that admiration -co mpared with happiness and gratitude- is the best predictor of state-learning-goal orientation and organizat ional citizenship behaviors. Implications and limits are d iscussed.","PeriodicalId":91505,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied psychology","volume":"4 2 1","pages":"43-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83623394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of the Church in Promoting HIV/AIDS Awareness in Africa","authors":"Kasomo Daniel","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAP.20120204.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAP.20120204.01","url":null,"abstract":"The church in Africa has maximized her efforts to promote awareness about the disease. These efforts generally range fro m the provision of facts about HIV and AIDS, its modes of transmission, various types of high -risk behaviour that increase its transmission, education for responsible and positive living, mainly focusing on human sexuality and related issues. This theme is treated in the light of the church's moral teaching emphasizing its fitness and purpose of conjugal lov e essentially connected with procreation as established in God's creative plan. According to the anthropological vision of Genesis , man and wo man received a gift of life fro m God. By this gift of God's love for them they were empowered to become co creators with God to g ive life to new human beings. Thus, t he couple, wh ile giv ing themselves to one another, they also bring forth children as a reflection of their love.","PeriodicalId":91505,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied psychology","volume":"25 1","pages":"36-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81714625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cognitive Appraisals in Sport: The Direct and Moderating Role of Mental Toughness","authors":"A. Levy, A. Nicholls, R. Polman","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAP.20120204.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAP.20120204.05","url":null,"abstract":"The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between mental toughness and cognitive appraisals, in addition to exploring the moderating influence of mental toughness upon cognitive appraisals. A total of 296 athletic participants (male n = 200; female n = 96) aged between 16 and 51 years (M age = 21.92 years, SD = 4.61) took part in this study. Moderated multiple regression analysis revealed mental toughness had a significant negative relationship with threat appraisal and a significant positive relationship with challenge. Additionally, mental toughness had a moderating influence upon the centrality-threat appraisal relationship. Overall, these findings imply interventions aimed at threat appraisal manipulation could be targeted at lower mentally tough athletes.","PeriodicalId":91505,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"71-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86612093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}