International journal of applied psychology最新文献

{"title":"Age Differences of Gaze Distribution during Pedestrian Walking in a Virtual-Reality Environment","authors":"O. Bock, P. R. Brustio, Steliana Borisova","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAP.20160603.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAP.20160603.03","url":null,"abstract":"The gaze pattern changes in old age, not only during artificial laboratory tasks but also during quasi-natural behavior. We have recently reported that older adults, walking in a virtual reality pedestrian precinct, spent longer time looking at pedestrian traffic lights than young adults did (Bock et al, 2015). We have interpreted this age-related change as a compensatory strategy, and we now analyze whether this strategy might be potentially hazardous in that it withdraws gaze from other regions that are critical for safe walking. Seventeen young and 16 older adults walked on a non-motorized treadmill linked to the 3D model of a pedestrian precint. The model was displayed on a monitor ahead, such that participants felt as if walking through the simulated world. Along their way, participants met a range of familiar objects such as pedestrian traffic lights, oncoming pedestrians and cats crossing their path. Eye position was recorded by a video-based system. We found that compared to young adults, older ones looked longer at regions of high behavioral relevance and less long at regions of low behavioral relevance. We conclude that looking longer at relevant regions might be a strategy for compensating central processing deficits, but this strategy may not pay off when an unexpected threat emerges in a seemingly irrelevant region.","PeriodicalId":91505,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied psychology","volume":"6 1","pages":"64-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81540965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"T2DM Patients’ Demographic Characteristics as Moderators of the Relationship between Diabetes Perception and Psychological Distress","authors":"Nuworza Kugbey, S. Atindanbila, K. Nyarko, E. Atefoe","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAP.20150503.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAP.20150503.01","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the relationship the relationship between T2DM illness Perception and Psychological Distress and further investigated whether this relationship is influenced by demographic characteristics such as Sex, Age and level of Education. A total of 139 persons living with T2DM were sampled from Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana. The respondents were administered with demographic questionnaire, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire and the Brief Symptom Inventory. Pearson correlation and Hierarchical Multiple regression analyses were done and the results indicate that illness perception is significantly and positively associated with the level of psychological distress among persons with T2DM. However, this relationship was not significantly moderated by their sex, age and level of education. The findings from the study indicate that the association between illness perception and psychological distress among persons with type-2 diabetes is not significantly affected by their demographic characteristics age, sex and level of education. It is therefore concluded that the focus of psychological interventions should be targeted at modifying the negative thought patterns of the patients regarding their illness.","PeriodicalId":91505,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied psychology","volume":"55 ","pages":"59-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72504943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Change in Physical Activity and Fruit and Vegetable Intake in a Multiethnic Population in Hawaii at 6 and 12 Months Follow-up.","authors":"Joy C Galloway,&nbsp;Claudio R Nigg,&nbsp;Min Liu,&nbsp;Jinan C Banna","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health-promoting behaviors have been shown to co-exist, but it is unknown if decisional balance with regards to one health behavior may predict change in another behavior. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between benefits (pros) and costs (cons) of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and physical activity (PA) and behavior over time, both within behaviors and transbehaviorally. This longitudinal study was conducted in multiethnic adults in Hawaii (n = 700; 63% female; mean age = 47 years; mean BMI = 25.9; mean education = 14.5 years, average household income = $45,000/year). Questionnaires assessed PA and FV pros/cons on a 5-point Likert Scale, PA (MET-min/wk), and FV intake (servings/day). Multiple regression was used to examine the relationship between pros/cons for PA and FV intake and behavior at 6- and 12-month follow-up. At baseline, average FV pros were 4.08 (.91), and average FV cons were 1.88 (.90). Average baseline PA pros were 4.07 (.89), and average PA cons were 1.71 (.77). Multiple regressions revealed that baseline FV pros and cons predicted FV intake, FV cons also predicted PA, and PA pros and cons were not predictive of PA or of FV intake. Study findings provide some support for decisional balance as a useful core construct used in leading theories of behavior change. Improving decisional balance for FV intake may have a beneficial effect on FV intake and potentially PA, indicating a potential gateway effect of decisional balance for FV intake on other behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":91505,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied psychology","volume":"5 2","pages":"45-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4979557/pdf/nihms801217.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34370306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Change in Physical Activity and Fruit and Vegetable Intake in a Multiethnic Population in Hawaii at 6 and 12 Months Follow-up.","authors":"J. Galloway, C. Nigg, Min Liu, J. Banna","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAP.20150502.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAP.20150502.04","url":null,"abstract":"Health-promoting behaviors have been shown to co-exist, but it is unknown if decisional balance with regards to one health behavior may predict change in another behavior. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between benefits (pros) and costs (cons) of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and physical activity (PA) and behavior over time, both within behaviors and transbehaviorally. This longitudinal study was conducted in multiethnic adults in Hawaii (n = 700; 63% female; mean age = 47 years; mean BMI = 25.9; mean education = 14.5 years, average household income = $45,000/year). Questionnaires assessed PA and FV pros/cons on a 5-point Likert Scale, PA (MET-min/wk), and FV intake (servings/day). Multiple regression was used to examine the relationship between pros/cons for PA and FV intake and behavior at 6- and 12-month follow-up. At baseline, average FV pros were 4.08 (.91), and average FV cons were 1.88 (.90). Average baseline PA pros were 4.07 (.89), and average PA cons were 1.71 (.77). Multiple regressions revealed that baseline FV pros and cons predicted FV intake, FV cons also predicted PA, and PA pros and cons were not predictive of PA or of FV intake. Study findings provide some support for decisional balance as a useful core construct used in leading theories of behavior change. Improving decisional balance for FV intake may have a beneficial effect on FV intake and potentially PA, indicating a potential gateway effect of decisional balance for FV intake on other behaviors.","PeriodicalId":91505,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied psychology","volume":"381 1","pages":"45-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74925328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-Related Differences of the Gaze Pattern in a Realistic Pedestrian Traffic Task","authors":"O. Bock, P. R. Brustio, Steliana Borisova","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAP.20150501.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAP.20150501.03","url":null,"abstract":"Laboratory studies suggest that the gaze pattern changes in older age, both in seated and in walking persons. Here we investigate the gaze pattern in a more complex and realistic scenario: walking in a virtual-reality shopping precinct. Seventeen young and sixteen older adults walked at their preferred speed on a treadmill driven by their leg movements, thus controlling the presentation of a virtual 3D world on a screen 130 cm ahead. The screen showed a shopping street with stationary and moving objects, and with six pedestrian traffic lights of whom three turned red upon approach. Gaze direction was registered by a video-based system. We found that each glance at a traffic light took longer in older than in young persons, and the sum of all glances at a traffic light was longer as well. In effect, older persons looked at the traffic light equally long throughout all three light phases, while young ones gradually increased their inspection of the traffic light as the green phase went on. The observed change of the gaze pattern in older age could represent a compensatory strategy to facilitate spatial orientation and/or movement preparation, or it could reflect a deficit of gaze disengagement. Future research should disambiguate these alternatives. In any case, the observed change is detrimental for seniors' sensorimotor performance in everyday scenarios.","PeriodicalId":91505,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied psychology","volume":"68 7","pages":"13-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72367871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Parceria project: a Brazilian parenting program to mothers with a history of intimate parter violence","authors":"Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, P. M. Santini, S. M. D'Affonseca","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAP.20140403.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAP.20140403.04","url":null,"abstract":"This paper takes in consideration the association between child abuse and intimate partner violence (IPV), as well as its implications to children's healthy development. In general, parenting programs do not consider the history of IPV that participants may present. Thus, they tend to not offer a special help to victimized mothers to cope with their emotional problems and other difficulties they may face in educating their children. The present article provides a description of Projeto Parceria (Partnership Project), a Brazilian program to mothers with a history of IPV after a brief review on parenting programs. Such program encompasses two units: a psychotherapeutic and an educational one. The psychotherapeutic unit deals with the emotional aspects associated with a history of IPV, thereby maximizing the aspects of parenting skills and child behavior management of the educational unit. Examples of studies using Projeto Parceria are presented indicating positive results and suggesting future research to test the project widely in randomized control evaluations. Language: en","PeriodicalId":91505,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied psychology","volume":"141 1","pages":"101-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89357129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do Non-clinical Paranoid Vs. Socially Anxious Individuals React to Failure Vs. Success? An Experimental Investigation","authors":"B. Lopes, J. Pinto-Gouveia","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAP.20130303.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAP.20130303.05","url":null,"abstract":"We did a quasi experimental study with 223 co llege students divided into three groups according to the presence of non-clinical paranoid ideation vs. social an xiety: the paranoia group (PG) vs. the social an xiety group (SA G) vs. the control group (CG). We measured participants' trait anger, paranoid ideation, external shame, state an xiety, state anger and depressive symptomatology using self-reports at time 1. Afterwards, we randomly assigned participants to a success vs. a failure condition using a computer game task. We then assessed their emotional and paranoid reactions (time 2). Independent sample t tests showed that the PG was more temperamentally aggressive than the SAG. Wilco xon Sign tests showed that during failure, the paranoia group significantly increased their paranoid ideation, negative emotional reactions to performance, state anger and state social paranoia from t ime s 1 to 2. In contrast, the SAG increased their state anxiety and external shame fro m t imes 1 to 2. The PG d idn't significantly decrease in paranoid ideation but they showed a significant increase in positive emot ional reactions while significantly decreasing in state anger during success. The SA G increased significantly in their positive emotional react ions during success but they also significantly increased in paranoid ideation. The negative impact of failure for PG and of success for the SA G alerts us to key indiv idual differences and the importance of managing anger, an xiety and paranoid feelings during evaluation.","PeriodicalId":91505,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied psychology","volume":"2017 1","pages":"63-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91011758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Survey on the Comparison of Mental Health and Life Expectancy in Employed and Unemployed People","authors":"M. Khaledian, S. H. Pour, H. Ghadermarzi","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAP.20120206.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAP.20120206.01","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the present study is to compare mental health and life expectancy in employed and unemployed people. The statistical population involved in this study included all employed and unemployed people aged between 20 and 30 in Ghorveh , a small town in Kurdistan, in (2012). A mong these participants 120 individuals were selected using convenience random sampling method (60 emp loyed and 60 unemployed ones). The questionnaires used in this study were the 28-item mental health status - General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Scale of Hope Adult Schneider (SA HS) to collect the related data. Descriptive statistics such as Frequency, percentage, mean, and t-test were used for data analysis. The results show that there is a different in all the four scales, mental health (So matization), an xiety, and impairment in social functioning and depression, and life expectancy between employed and unemployed individuals. The results show that there is a difference between general health of unemployed people with academic education and unemployed people without academic education and there is also a d ifference between general health of emp loyed people with academic education and emp loyed people without academic education. There is a difference between unemployed married people and employed married people in terms of general health, but there is no significant difference between general health of unemployed and emp loyed single people.","PeriodicalId":91505,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied psychology","volume":"26 1","pages":"137-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82403096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotional Reactivity: Critical Analysis and Proposal of a New Scale","authors":"R. Becerra, G. Campitelli","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAP.20130306.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAP.20130306.03","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this article is to provide a review of the literature on conceptual aspects and measurement of emotional reactivity, and to propose a new measurement of emotional reactivity that addresses the problems identified in the review. We discussed the Behavioral Inhibition/Behavioral Activation (BIS/BAS) scale, the Early Adolescence Temperament Questionnaire (EATQ), the Affect Intensity Measure (AIM), the Emotion Intensity Scale (EIS), and the Emotional Reactivity Scale (ERS). Our review concluded that most of the scales are either too broad (BIS/BAS, EATQ), or too narrow (EIS, AIM). Moreover, ERS, which does not suffer from this problem, does not include valence and it was mainly validated with adolescents. We therefore introduced a new scale–the Perth Emotional Reactivity Scale (PERS)–which overcomes the identified problems. PERS is guided by the tripartite model of emotional reactivity (activation, intensity and duration) and it also includes valence (positive and negative emotions). It contains 5 positive valence items and 5 negative valence items in each dimension. Thus, it contains 30 items. Moreover, PERS includes three non-scorable items to measure subjective report of physiological changes. We conclude that PERS might prove to be a useful tool to assess emotional reactivity more precisely.","PeriodicalId":91505,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied psychology","volume":"26 1","pages":"161-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78639337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disaster Perception, Self-efficacy and Social Support: Impacts of Drought on Farmers in South Brazil","authors":"E. Favero, J. Sarriera","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAP.20120205.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAP.20120205.08","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to identify which family resources are affected by droughts. It also aims to assess which variables related to disaster perception, self-efficacy and social support better characterize groups of family farmers classified by the magnitude of the disaster’s impact. 198 farmers aged 18 to 77 years (M = 44.38, SD = 10.04) have participated, of which 104 (52.5%) are males and 88 (44.4%) are females, all residing in rural areas in the Northwest part of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. As instruments, a survey was applied in order to characterize the sample in terms of the disaster and its impacts on different family dimensions as well as items related to disaster perception, self-efficacy and social support. Descriptive statistics and discriminant function analyses were employed; the latter had as dependent variable the magnitude of the perceived drought impact on the family and, as independent variables, the items related to disaster perception, self-efficacy and social support. The descriptive results indicate that drought causes economic losses and changes in family routine and nutrition, generating feelings of uncertainty about the future, discouragement, sadness, and sleep difficulties. The results of the solution stepwise on discriminant analysis (Willks’ Lambda=0.78, λ²=47.844, gl=4, p≤0,001) indicate that the variables uncertainty about the future and sleep difficulties are significant to differentiate the groups of high and medium impact compared to the group of low impact of drought in the family. In a second moment, a new discriminant function analysis was employed (Willks’ Lambda = 0.76, λ² = 52.00, gl = 10, p ≤ 0.001) and showed that farmers in the groups that perceive high and medium drought impacts differ from those in the group that perceives low drought impact with regards to the variables impact of drought on well-being, perception of drought as a bad event, belief in personal responsibility for the event’s consequences and assessment of life in the midst of a disaster The high and medium drought impact groups differ in the variables related to social support, especially with regards to support perceived from family, friends, neighbors and community in relation to government, religious groups and technical support. The variable self-efficacy did not differentiate groups of farmers, suggesting it is independent of the difficulties of the environment, being much more influenced by how we evaluate and position ourselves to face difficulties.","PeriodicalId":91505,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied psychology","volume":"56 1","pages":"126-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77629481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}