Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics最新文献_第5页

Disposable 3D Printed Electrode for the Electrochemical Detection of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Aqueous Solution and 11-Nor-9-Carboxy-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Saliva 一次性3D打印电极用于水溶液中delta -9-四氢大麻酚和唾液中11- no -9-羧基四氢大麻酚的电化学检测

Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.17063/BJFS9(4)Y2020521-533

Érica Naomi Oiye, M. F. Ribeiro, B. Ferreira, Rodrigo de Castro Baker Botelho, M. F. D. Oliveira

{"title":"Disposable 3D Printed Electrode for the Electrochemical Detection of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Aqueous Solution and 11-Nor-9-Carboxy-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Saliva","authors":"Érica Naomi Oiye, M. F. Ribeiro, B. Ferreira, Rodrigo de Castro Baker Botelho, M. F. D. Oliveira","doi":"10.17063/BJFS9(4)Y2020521-533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/BJFS9(4)Y2020521-533","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, marijuana or cannabis is the most consumed drug worldwide, and is also the one with the highest number of seizures, with 354 tons seized in Brazil in 2017. The increase in its consumption has been called attention, not only by the authorities, due to accidents caused when driving under the influence of the drug, but also by companies that carry out toxicological analyzes on their employees. For this, rapid tests, such as colorimetric tests, are generally used to analyze the urine of users. The need for agile and proper identification of drugs of abuse has encouraged the scientific community to improve and to develop new methodologies. Electrochemical methods appear as a cheap, portable and easy to use alternative. The use of biodegradable materials for the development of disposable electrodes has become paramount today. The use of 3D printers emerges as an alternative for the manufacture of these electrodes and the use of saliva instead of urine, has also been a priority because it is a less invasive sample and difficult to adulterate. In this work, a three dimensional device was created in an innovative way containing the three electrodes, working, counter and reference, in conductive material. The device was then used to detect the active principle present in cannabis, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, in aqueous solution, and its metabolite, 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC, in samples of real saliva, both through cyclic voltammetry. The positive results show that the proposed device can be used, as well as those already found on the market, for the identification of drug use and in the forensic field. 522 Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics 9(4):521-533 (2020) E. N. Oiye et al.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83945910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

O Uso da Amostragem Internacional na Determinação da Massa Líquida de Entorpecentes (Cocaína, “Crack” e Maconha) Apreendidos 使用国际抽样来确定缉获的麻醉药品(可卡因、快克和大麻)的净质量

Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.17063/BJFS9(4)Y2020551-569

Flávio de Souza Cotomácio

引用次数: 0

Importance of Ultra-pure Water for Sample Collection in Vitriolage Cases - Forensic Concern for Corrosives Examination 超纯水对采集样品的重要性——对腐蚀检验的法医学关注

Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.17063/BJFS9(4)Y2020582-600

P. Choudhary, K. Verma, Rohan Verma, Rachna Chandela

{"title":"Importance of Ultra-pure Water for Sample Collection in Vitriolage Cases - Forensic Concern for Corrosives Examination","authors":"P. Choudhary, K. Verma, Rohan Verma, Rachna Chandela","doi":"10.17063/BJFS9(4)Y2020582-600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/BJFS9(4)Y2020582-600","url":null,"abstract":"Vitriolage, a heinous crime committed with intention to disfigure a person has come into view as an extremely brutal gender-based crime especially against young women in India and also another part of world mainly in South Asia over the past few years. India is facing an alarming situation of crime against women such as rape, domestic violence, dowry deaths etc. In recent year‟s cases of vitriolage are on the rise in India. By understanding the gravity of crime, section 326A and 326B was incorporated in the prevailing Indian Penal Code and came into effect from 3 February 2013. Forensic Science Laboratory, Delhi receives a number of cases pertaining to acid attacks every year. We present here five such cases which were received for forensic examination. The exhibits were analyzed using Ion Chromatography apart from classical tests in order to strengthen the forensic reports and play vital role in conviction of the accused. This paper encompasses the necessity and importance of controlled samples treated with the quality of water used in analysis, importance of packing of exhibits and role of investigating agencies/police in collection of exhibits, which play crucial role in proving the sanctity of the forensic examination.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76109177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bancos de Perfis Genéticos Criminais no Brasil: Histórico e Evolução 巴西犯罪基因档案银行:历史与演变

Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.17063/BJFS9(4)Y2020499-520

A. D. L. D. Silva, Higgor Gonçalves Dornelas, Sordaini Maria Caligiorn, P. Marinho

{"title":"Bancos de Perfis Genéticos Criminais no Brasil: Histórico e Evolução","authors":"A. D. L. D. Silva, Higgor Gonçalves Dornelas, Sordaini Maria Caligiorn, P. Marinho","doi":"10.17063/BJFS9(4)Y2020499-520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/BJFS9(4)Y2020499-520","url":null,"abstract":"A impunidade tem despontado como um dos principais motivos do aumento da criminalidade no Brasil, principalmente devido à dificuldade dos processos investigativos em apontar a autoria de delitos. A indisponibilidade e a falta de transparência de dados da segurança pública e a alta taxa de subnotificação nos registros oficiais são alguns entraves que dificultam a avaliação da eficiência das políticas de segurança pública. Para o agravamento da situação, amostras coletadas em locais de crime pela Perícia Criminal podem não ser prontamente armazenadas nos bancos de DNA forense, ou quando o são, na maioria das vezes, não se obtém perfil genético compatível com os já cadastrados, diminuindo, assim, os índices nacionais de elucidação de autoria dos crimes. Dessa forma, o objetivo do artigo é apresentar um histórico sobre a implementação e evolução dos bancos de dados de perfis genéticos no Brasil. O processo de construção do banco de dados de DNA forense demonstra um avanço na qualidade das investigações policiais, encaixando-se perfeitamente como meio de prova no processo penal, somando-se às demais evidências necessárias à persecução penal. As técnicas de identificação baseadas na análise do DNA estão cada vez mais sendo empregadas no Brasil em amostras relacionadas a vestígios biológicos coletados em locais de crime, porém longe do patamar alcançado em países como os EUA e Reino Unido, que possuem milhões de perfis genéticos em seus bancos de dados, o que reflete nos seus altos índices de elucidação de crimes.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75998099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Application of Chemometric Tools on Cannabis Samples Analyzed by the FTIR-ATR Method 化学计量工具在FTIR-ATR法分析大麻样品中的应用

Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics Pub Date : 2020-09-19 DOI: 10.17063/BJFS9(4)Y2020477-498

Marina González, Bruna Tassi Borille, Maíra Kerpel dos Santos, R. Gorziza, Mariana Fernandes Ramos, Natalia Rose, M. Fett, R. S. Ortiz, F. Camargo, M. Ferrão, R. Limberger

{"title":"Application of Chemometric Tools on Cannabis Samples Analyzed by the FTIR-ATR Method","authors":"Marina González, Bruna Tassi Borille, Maíra Kerpel dos Santos, R. Gorziza, Mariana Fernandes Ramos, Natalia Rose, M. Fett, R. S. Ortiz, F. Camargo, M. Ferrão, R. Limberger","doi":"10.17063/BJFS9(4)Y2020477-498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/BJFS9(4)Y2020477-498","url":null,"abstract":"Marijuana is the most popular form of Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae), popularly known, in Brazil, as the illicit drug. It is composed of the plant’s aerial parts, such as the leaves and the inflorescences, which are dried, pressed and prepared as a mixture for smoking. Cannabis is the most consumed and illegally trafficked drug in the world, with an increasing number of users every year. The plant can be grown indoor and outdoor, and these differences may influence the drug’s potency. In addition, marijuana can be mixed with diluents and/or adulterants such as aromatic plants, soil, commercial tobacco and feces that may contribute to cases of addiction and lead to serious health risks to its consumers. Studies involving the chemical profile of drug samples are important to provide evidence for trafficking, supporting the materiality of the crimes. The aim of this study is to analyze cannabis and marijuana seized samples by FTIR-ATR (range 1800-880 cm), combined with unsupervised chemometric tools, to differentiate the plant’s cultivation forms and to suggest the use of diluents. PCA and HCA showed relevant trends of separation between seized 478 Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics 9(4):477-498 (2020) M. González et al. samples from indoor and outdoor cultivation. Additionally, differences between samples containing pure cannabis and samples including diluents were observed, grouping the samples by their chemical similarity. The use of FTIR-ATR, combined with chemometric tools, can generate fast and sensitive data, providing relevant information for chemical profiles of drug abuse.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90449582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Voltammetric Determination of LSD with a Schiff Base – Chemically Modified Electrode in Aqueous Solution 希夫碱修饰电极伏安法测定水溶液中LSD的含量

Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics Pub Date : 2020-09-11 DOI: 10.17063/bjfs9(4)y2020440-458

M. F. Ribeiro, Érica Naomi Oiye, Juliana Midori Toia Katayama, J. W. C. Júnior, E. R. Dockal, M. F. D. Oliveira

{"title":"Voltammetric Determination of LSD with a Schiff Base – Chemically Modified Electrode in Aqueous Solution","authors":"M. F. Ribeiro, Érica Naomi Oiye, Juliana Midori Toia Katayama, J. W. C. Júnior, E. R. Dockal, M. F. D. Oliveira","doi":"10.17063/bjfs9(4)y2020440-458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/bjfs9(4)y2020440-458","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, practical, inexpensive, and highly specific electroanalytical methods based on modified electrodes have been increasingly developed for forensic science. Simple modification of the carbon paste electrode with Schiff base complexes has become a promising strategy to detect and quantify narcotics. In this context, we aimed to develop voltammetric methods to quantify lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) by using a carbon paste electrode modified with the complex [UO2(Ac-ophen)]·H2O. The use of an aqueous solution of KCl as supporting electrolyte makes the methodology less polluting, which contrasts with methods that still employ toxic solvents. The developed method for Differential Pulse Voltammetry provides a linear response at various concentrations of LSD and affords analytical curves with standard deviation, detection, and quantification limits around 2.45, 0.625, and 2.08 μmol L, respectively. The recovery values of 103 and 108% prove that the developed method is suitable for application in forensic science.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85348114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

O Uso do Drone de Baixo Custo em Aerofotogrametria e sua Aplicação na Perícia Ambiental Criminal 低成本无人机在航空摄影测量中的应用及其在刑事环境取证中的应用

Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics Pub Date : 2020-09-11 DOI: 10.17063/bjfs9(4)y2020459-476

A. Cotomácio, Bruno Lazzari De Lima

引用次数: 1

ESTUDO EPIDEMIOLÓGICO, GEOGRÁFICO E MULTIVARIADO DOS CASOS DE SUICÍDIO NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL, ENTRE 2017 E 2019 2017年至2019年巴西大南州自杀病例的流行病学、地理和多元研究

Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics Pub Date : 2020-09-05 DOI: 10.17063/bjfs9(4)y2020419-439

Maria Cristina Franck, R. P. Limberger

{"title":"ESTUDO EPIDEMIOLÓGICO, GEOGRÁFICO E MULTIVARIADO DOS CASOS DE SUICÍDIO NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL, ENTRE 2017 E 2019","authors":"Maria Cristina Franck, R. P. Limberger","doi":"10.17063/bjfs9(4)y2020419-439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/bjfs9(4)y2020419-439","url":null,"abstract":"O suicidio e um grave problema de saude publica no estado do Rio Grande do Sul e esse trabalho objetivou determinar o perfil epidemiologico e geografico, incluindo correlacoes entre as variaveis relacionadas as vitimas de 2017 a 2019. A partir dos registros periciais, foram consultados os boletins de ocorrencia gerando um estudo descritivo e transversal, com analises de correspondencia multipla e modelos de regressao logistica (α=0,05). Foram registrados 4.017 suicidios (11,8 casos/100 mil habitantes/ano), em sua maioria, do sexo masculino (79,8%) e da raca branca (90,5%). Os idosos (60 anos ou mais) apresentaram a maior taxa, 26,2/100 mil habitantes/ano. O periodo da noite mostrou-se associado aos adolescentes, ao uso de arma de fogo e as vitimas com historico policial positivo. Os dias uteis associaram-se aos idosos, as vitimas com ausencia parental no registro de nascimento e ao periodo da manha. Ter historico policial positivo associou-se ao sexo masculino, a faixa etaria adulta, a ausencia parental e ao periodo da noite. As regioes Vale do Rio Pardo, Medio Alto Uruguai e Fronteira Noroeste apresentaram as maiores taxas do estado (21,6, 19,5 e 17,7/100 mil habitantes/ano, respectivamente). A causa atribuida com mais frequencia foi a depressao (26,3%) e o meio mais empregado pelas vitimas foi o enforcamento (73,0%). O trabalho pericial pode auxiliar os servicos de saude na compreensao e enfrentamento desse fenomeno com dados locais, atuais e importantes correlacoes, estimulando novos estudos e medidas preventivas onde ha maior incidencia e direcionados a populacao mais vulneravel.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89374624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Do Lie Detection Tools Really Catch Liars? 测谎工具真的能抓到说谎者吗?

Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics Pub Date : 2020-06-29 DOI: 10.17063/bjfs9(3)y2020373-393

Bruno M Salles

引用次数: 0

As Ciências Forenses no Brasil Monárquico: Breve Histórico da Oficialização e Institucionalização da Função Pericial nas Investigações Criminais 君主制巴西的法医学:刑事调查中专家职能正规化和制度化的简史

Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics Pub Date : 2020-06-29 DOI: 10.17063/bjfs9(3)y2020394-418

A. Giovanelli

引用次数: 1