Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics最新文献

Inversão de Vestígios Papiloscópicos: Detecção, Análise e Comparação 乳头镜痕迹反转:检测、分析与比较

Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics Pub Date : 2022-12-26 DOI: 10.17063/bjfs12(1)y202286-104

Nilton Cláudio De Oliveira, Jemima De Jesus Santos, Rafael Perseghini Del Sarto

{"title":"Inversão de Vestígios Papiloscópicos: Detecção, Análise e Comparação","authors":"Nilton Cláudio De Oliveira, Jemima De Jesus Santos, Rafael Perseghini Del Sarto","doi":"10.17063/bjfs12(1)y202286-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/bjfs12(1)y202286-104","url":null,"abstract":"Em locais de crimes os vestígios de impressões papiloscópicas (VIPs) ou impressões latentes são as evidências recorrentemente encontradas e utilizadas para a identificação humana. A sua obtenção e uso em identificação de pessoas depende de fatores como os mecanismos intrínsecos do toque na superfície primária, as características do doador, as variáveis ambientais e os métodos de revelação, que em conjunto ou isoladamente afetam a sua qualidade. Neste contexto pode ocorrer a inversão do VIP. Este fenômeno é discutido internacionalmente sendo citado como “reverse color”, “color reversal” e “tonal reversal”. A inversão é observada há tempo significativo pelos papiloscopistas policiais, peritos em identificação humana, do Instituto de Identificação da Polícia Civil do Distrito Federal (II/PCDF) durante as perícias de identificação papiloscópica realizadas com os vestígios coletados em diversos tipos de local de crime. No entanto, há escassa literatura científica sobre esse assunto no Brasil e no cenário internacional. Nesse sentido, foi avaliado e discutido o fenômeno da inversão de VIPs em seis (6) casos criminais diferentes com o objetivo de destacar a sua ocorrência em cenas de crime no Distrito Federal, descrever suas características, seu uso para a determinação da autoria delitiva, bem como, o principal impacto negativo do seu desconhecimento na área forense. Após análises dos VIPs invertidos foi possível concluir que os seus principais elementos são: a proporção entre linha e sulco, a presença de pseudoporos, efeito de profundidade indicando remoção de material, coloração diferenciada, background de revelador, inversões morfológicas de pontos característicos, mudança na subclassificação papiloscópica, pontuação de AFIS incompatível com o mapa de minúcias. A partir dos dados deste trabalho destaca-se que o principal impacto negativo do desconhecimento da inversão por parte do especialista é a possibilidade de falsa exclusão, onde o possível autor do crime não será identificado.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75284828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Patient’s Medical Records in Brazil: Legal and Regulatory Considerations 巴西患者的医疗记录:法律和法规方面的考虑

Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics Pub Date : 2022-12-14 DOI: 10.17063/bjfs12(1)y202223-52

Flávia Speranza Faifer, Mônica Vieira da Motta Piacsek, Marcia Vieira da Motta

{"title":"Patient’s Medical Records in Brazil: Legal and Regulatory Considerations","authors":"Flávia Speranza Faifer, Mônica Vieira da Motta Piacsek, Marcia Vieira da Motta","doi":"10.17063/bjfs12(1)y202223-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/bjfs12(1)y202223-52","url":null,"abstract":"This work aimed to research medical records' legal and regulatory definitions as found in force not only in the Brazilian normative systems but also at the Federal and Regional Councils of Medicine (Conselho Federal e Conselhos Regionais de Medicina), particularly their completeness to be accepted by the judicious system. This empirical retrospective documentary research recovered norms, legislations, resolutions, and professional opinions about medical records and some of its parameters, such as content, legibility, and accountability using official legal and regulatory digital platforms. No period limitation was set for document recovery; however, only current ones (still in force) were analyzed in full. Documents that dealt with the content of the medical record per se were included; those that dealt with custody, confidentiality, digitization, and access to third parties were excluded. The Brazilian legislation does not provide a clear definition of medical records or their core content. Nonetheless, its collective nature is recognized. The Federal and Regional Councils of Medicine have issued numerous resolutions and opinions on the matter, clarifying its completeness in nature. Medical Records are a collection of health documents of a patient, which should be readily available upon court request as a complete medical dossier, and must contain legible and signed copies, including all the procedures a person underwent while under care.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85864557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neuropsychological Assessment in The Forensic Context: A Scoping Review 司法环境下的神经心理学评估:范围审查

Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics Pub Date : 2022-12-14 DOI: 10.17063/bjfs12(1)y202253-74

Letícia Venturi da Silva, Amer Cavalheiro Hamdan

{"title":"Neuropsychological Assessment in The Forensic Context: A Scoping Review","authors":"Letícia Venturi da Silva, Amer Cavalheiro Hamdan","doi":"10.17063/bjfs12(1)y202253-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/bjfs12(1)y202253-74","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of neuropsychologists in legal practice allowed for the field of forensic neuropsychology to arise. However, it is still a recent field of knowledge that is in continuous development. The existing literature highlights the incipience of studies in this area and the need for adaptation of instruments and methods. Thus, this scoping review aims to analyze how neuropsychological assessment has been employed so far in the forensic context. In order to do this, a search and a follow-up were conducted in the databases PsycInfo, Scopus and Web of Science. The query used for both searches was \"(neuropsychological assessment OR neuropsychological test)\" AND \"forensic\" OR \"forensic neuropsychology\". Initially, 1001 papers were identified, and after a two-stage screening process, 83 articles were included for analysis. Regarding neuropsychological assessment, the most investigated constructs were cognitive levels, memory and symptom validity. The heterogeneity of employed instruments we found in the studies evidenced the great existing variability in forensic neuropsychological practice. Among the most assessed populations were individuals with psychiatric, psychological or neurological diagnoses and male adult detainees in general. With this review, we expect to provide an overview on the current state of forensic neuropsychology, as well as information that may serve as a starting point for new research and further developments in the field.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90895379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Obstáculos aos Direitos Reprodutivos de Mulheres Vivendo com HIV/AIDS: Revisão Integrativa da Literatura 艾滋病毒/艾滋病妇女生殖权利的障碍:综合文献综述

Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics Pub Date : 2022-08-29 DOI: 10.17063/bjfs11(4)y2022170-186

Daiane Arruda Saraiva, Raquel Helena Hernandez Fernandes, Bruna Sordi Carrara, Marciana Fernandes Moll, Victor Menezes de Carvalho Silva, Carla Aparecida Arena Ventura

引用次数: 0

A Importância do Prontuário na Responsabilidade Civil do Cirurgião-Dentista nos Tratamentos Odontológicos 记录在牙科医生民事责任中的重要性

Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics Pub Date : 2022-08-29 DOI: 10.17063/bjfs11(4)y2022151-169

Izabela Barros Queiroz dos Santos, Valéria De Oliveira Barbosa, Roberto Luiz De Menezes Martinho

{"title":"A Importância do Prontuário na Responsabilidade Civil do Cirurgião-Dentista nos Tratamentos Odontológicos","authors":"Izabela Barros Queiroz dos Santos, Valéria De Oliveira Barbosa, Roberto Luiz De Menezes Martinho","doi":"10.17063/bjfs11(4)y2022151-169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/bjfs11(4)y2022151-169","url":null,"abstract":"A doutrina e a jurisprudência não são unânimes a respeito do tipo de obrigação assumida pelos cirurgiões-dentistas perante seus pacientes. Há uma grande divergência se é uma obrigação de meio ou de resultado. Com base nas decisões judiciais e artigos analisados, observa-se que quando se tratam de procedimentos estéticos, a obrigação tende a ser caracterizada como de resultado pelos magistrados, principalmente em especialidades como Implantodontia, Ortodontia e Prótese Dentária. Ademais, a falta ou o incorreto preenchimento do prontuário odontológico contribui para que os profissionais sejam condenados nas ações propostas por pacientes. Cabe às Instituições de Ensino Superior conscientizarem e orientarem os discentes sobre a importância da documentação odontológica e o seu correto preenchimento durante o estágio da graduação. Com isso, espera-se que os futuros cirurgiões-dentistas estejam preparados para agir conforme os preceitos éticos e legais exigidos pela profissão. O presente trabalho trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica realizada em bases de dados em formato eletrônico e livros, que tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão integrativa sobre a responsabilidade civil do cirurgião-dentista nos tratamentos odontológicos, ressaltando a importância e composição dos prontuários, a fim de resguardar os profissionais em futuros processos judiciais.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90163323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Application of Frontal and Maxillary Sinuses Indices for Computed Tomography-Based Sex Estimation of a Brazilian Population 额颌窦指数在巴西人口ct性别估计中的应用

Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics Pub Date : 2022-04-26 DOI: 10.17063/bjfs11(3)y2022136-150

Diego S de Mendonça, Esther Carneiro Ribeiro, Andréa Silvia Walter de Aguiar, P. G. de Barros Silva, Phillipe Nogueira Barbosa Alencar, Lúcio Mitsuo Kurita, F. W. Gurgel Costa

{"title":"The Application of Frontal and Maxillary Sinuses Indices for Computed Tomography-Based Sex Estimation of a Brazilian Population","authors":"Diego S de Mendonça, Esther Carneiro Ribeiro, Andréa Silvia Walter de Aguiar, P. G. de Barros Silva, Phillipe Nogueira Barbosa Alencar, Lúcio Mitsuo Kurita, F. W. Gurgel Costa","doi":"10.17063/bjfs11(3)y2022136-150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/bjfs11(3)y2022136-150","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation aimed to compare the sexing accuracy of frontal (FS) and maxillary (MS) sinus indices with multislice computed tomography (MSCT) in Brazilian adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 MSCT examinations (50 males and 50 females). The height, width, and diameter of the FSs and MSs were obtained with the RadiAnt software to measure four indexes (I): FSI-1 and MSI-1 (both width/ diameter); FSI-2 and MSI-2 (both height/diameter). Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) were determined. Sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio (LR), and accuracy values were also calculated. The highest area under the ROC curve for the FS was obtained by the FSI-1 (0.712 ± 0.052; p < 0.001), whereas for the MS it was found in the MSI-2 (0.431 ± 0.058; p = 0.232). FSI-1 showed greater specificity (64%) in predicting female sex as well as greater accuracy (64%) and LR (3.16). MSI-1 had the highest sensitivity value (68%) in estimating male sex and the second highest LR value (2.13). The FSI-1 developed in the present study exhibited higher accuracy compared to the other evaluated indices, which reinforces its importance for future studies with other populations.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75494243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Quality of MT-loop DNA Segment of Smokers and Nonsmokers in Lagos, Nigeria for Possible use in Forensic Biology 尼日利亚拉各斯吸烟者和非吸烟者MT-loop DNA片段的质量可能用于法医生物学

Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics Pub Date : 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.17063/bjfs11(2)y202293-110

J. Minari

{"title":"The Quality of MT-loop DNA Segment of Smokers and Nonsmokers in Lagos, Nigeria for Possible use in Forensic Biology","authors":"J. Minari","doi":"10.17063/bjfs11(2)y202293-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/bjfs11(2)y202293-110","url":null,"abstract":"Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a small circular DNA responsible for transmission of traits. In forensic biology, the high sensitivity of mtDNA analysis allows forensic scientists to obtain information from evidence associated with crime scene. This study was carried out to investigate the mtDNA segment of smokers and non-smokers and to determine to what extent smoking affects the quality of the mtDNA in the sample population. Twenty five cigarette butts were obtained from a bar and twenty five samples were also obtained from saliva of non-smokers using swab stick. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was extracted from individual samples using zymo kit, spectrophotometer was used to check for the concentration and purity of the extracted mtDNA. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out in a gradient thermocycler to ascertain the hypervariable region of the mtDNA using the following primer sequence. Agarose gel electrophoresis was carried out to know the amplicon size using 100 base pair of ladder. The DNA purity on saliva extract for non-smokers was found to be higher (A260/280 2.06 - 1.82) than the purity of saliva from smokers (A260/280 1.82-1.0). The concentration of DNA found on the saliva traces from non-smokers was higher (26.2 - 3.0 ng/µl) than those extracts from smokers (26.2 - 2.23ng/µl). DNA bands obtained from agarose gel electrophoresis showed amplification of the hypervariable region of mtDNA size ranges from 295-300 base pair (bp). This study showed that the hypervariable region of the mtDNA of both smokers and non-smokers have the same range of nucleotide base pair (bp).","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84586601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enforcamento Homicida Mascarado como Suicídio: Revisão Integrativa 伪装成自杀的杀人绞刑:综合评论

Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics Pub Date : 2022-02-02 DOI: 10.17063/bjfs11(2)y202278-92

Gabriel Lessa de Souza Maia, Pedro Henrique Do Nascimento Silva, Daniele Gonçalves Bezerra

引用次数: 0

Estimativa de Estatura em Indivíduos Vivos por Meio de Imagens no Âmbito Pericial Criminal – Estudo de Caso Simulado 通过法医图像估计活人的身高-模拟案例研究

Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics Pub Date : 2022-01-26 DOI: 10.17063/bjfs11(2)y202262-77

Vanessa Pereira de Araujo, Rosane Pérez Baldasso, Luciano Beux, Jonathan Bonatto, Raíssa Ananda Paim Strapasson, Mário Marques Fernandes

{"title":"Estimativa de Estatura em Indivíduos Vivos por Meio de Imagens no Âmbito Pericial Criminal – Estudo de Caso Simulado","authors":"Vanessa Pereira de Araujo, Rosane Pérez Baldasso, Luciano Beux, Jonathan Bonatto, Raíssa Ananda Paim Strapasson, Mário Marques Fernandes","doi":"10.17063/bjfs11(2)y202262-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/bjfs11(2)y202262-77","url":null,"abstract":"Esse estudo objetiva realizar uma análise comparativa de dois métodos científicos utilizados, na perícia criminal, para estimativa da estatura de indivíduo por meio de imagens, visando apontar a técnica que mais se aproxima da estatura real conhecida, em ambiente fechado, frente a uma situação controlada, ou seja, livre de circulação de indivíduos. Para tanto, foi mensurada a estatura real do indivíduo, de 44 anos, sexo feminino. Foram capturadas imagens do indivíduo pela simulação de sistema de vigilância por vídeo. Os exames foram realizados através destas imagens, analisadas em microcomputadores, utilizando softwares livres, captadas por câmera fotográfica digital, em ambiente fechado e controlado, obtendo resultados por estatística descritiva. As imagens obtidas foram analisadas por três examinadores, treinados e calibrados, sem que houvesse conhecimento entre eles dos resultados e da estatura real do indivíduo analisado na amostra. Na Técnica Sobreposição de Gabarito, os três examinadores obtiveram o mesmo valor de mediana (163 cm), estimados no intervalo entre 162 cm e 165 cm. Para a Foto Adaptada, os valores foram estimados no intervalo entre 160 cm e 165 cm. Conclui-se que as duas técnicas propostas para estimativa de estatura em indivíduos vivos por meio de imagens, como complementar no processo de identificação humana, no âmbito pericial criminal, se mostraram confiáveis e válidas, não apresentando diferença estatística nas três observações de cada examinador. Importante considerar que as imagens da pesquisa apresentavam boa qualidade e mínima distorção, proporcionando adequada visualização do indivíduo em cena, o que de fato, nem sempre é realidade na rotina pericial.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80332650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New Psychoactive Substances Constant State of Flux: NBOMe Brazilian Case 新型精神活性物质的持续流动状态:NBOMe巴西案例

Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics Pub Date : 2021-11-26 DOI: 10.17063/bjfs11(1)y202162-69

Carlos Alberto Yasin Wayhs, C. Tortato, Kristiane de Cássia Mariotti, Rafael Scorsatto Ortiz, Renata Pereira Limberger

{"title":"New Psychoactive Substances Constant State of Flux: NBOMe Brazilian Case","authors":"Carlos Alberto Yasin Wayhs, C. Tortato, Kristiane de Cássia Mariotti, Rafael Scorsatto Ortiz, Renata Pereira Limberger","doi":"10.17063/bjfs11(1)y202162-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/bjfs11(1)y202162-69","url":null,"abstract":"The new psychoactive substances (NPS) market is in a constant state of flux, with new substances being synthesized regularly and marketed in many ways and forms. These substances often emerge quickly, just as they disappear, evidencing a clear attempt to circumvent the control trafficking enforcement agencies and the international community. Among the wide variety of NPS, the NBOMe series attracted attention from medical and legal authorities due to the high number of cases of intoxication, followed or not by death in several countries around the world, including Brazil. So, this brief communication aimed to evaluate the number of NBOMe Brazilian Federal Police (BFP) over the past eight years, and highlight the NPS constant state of flux, evidencing by the Brazilian NBOMe case. This is a retrospective study based on information from forensic analysis reports from seizures of BFP. The NBOMe seizures generated 4 forensic analysis requests in 2012, 21 in 2013, 45 in 2014, 61 in 2015, 80 in 2016, 22 in 2017, 19 in 2018 and 2 in 2019, totaling 254 forensic analysis reports analyzed. This NPS emerged quickly in Brazil from the year 2012, and tented to disappear in recent years, from the perspective of the BPF forensic analysis reports, evidencing the NPS constant state of flux, represented here by the Brazilian NBOMe case.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84086052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1