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Incidental Findings in Neuroimaging: Ethical and Medicolegal Considerations. 神经影像学的偶然发现:伦理和医学法律的考虑。
Neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2012-11-20 DOI: 10.1155/2013/439145
Lawrence Leung
{"title":"Incidental Findings in Neuroimaging: Ethical and Medicolegal Considerations.","authors":"Lawrence Leung","doi":"10.1155/2013/439145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/439145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the rapid advances in neurosciences in the last three decades, there has been an exponential increase in the use of neuroimaging both in basic sciences and clinical research involving human subjects. During routine neuroimaging, incidental findings that are not part of the protocol or scope of research agenda can occur and they often pose a challenge as to how they should be handled to abide by the medicolegal principles of research ethics. This paper reviews the issue from various ethical (do no harm, general duty to rescue, and mutual benefits and owing) and medicolegal perspectives (legal liability, fiduciary duties, Law of Tort, and Law of Contract) with a suggested protocol of approach. </p>","PeriodicalId":91144,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience journal","volume":"2013 ","pages":"439145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/439145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33959821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
The Triglyceride Paradox in Stroke Survivors: A Prospective Study. 中风幸存者的甘油三酯悖论:一项前瞻性研究。
Neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-02-25 DOI: 10.1155/2013/870608
Minal Jain, Anunaya Jain, Neeraja Yerragondu, Robert D Brown, Alejandro Rabinstein, Babak S Jahromi, Lekshmi Vaidyanathan, Brian Blyth, Latha Ganti Stead
{"title":"The Triglyceride Paradox in Stroke Survivors: A Prospective Study.","authors":"Minal Jain,&nbsp;Anunaya Jain,&nbsp;Neeraja Yerragondu,&nbsp;Robert D Brown,&nbsp;Alejandro Rabinstein,&nbsp;Babak S Jahromi,&nbsp;Lekshmi Vaidyanathan,&nbsp;Brian Blyth,&nbsp;Latha Ganti Stead","doi":"10.1155/2013/870608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/870608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective. The purpose of our study was to understand the association between serum triglycerides and outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Methods. A cohort of all adult patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) with an AIS from March 2004 to December 2005 were selected. The lipid profile levels were measured within 24 hours of stroke onset. Demographics, admission stroke severity (NIHSS), functional outcome at discharge (modified Rankin Scale (mRS)), and mortality at 3 months were recorded. Results. The final cohort consisted of 334 subjects. A lower level of triglycerides at presentation was found to be significantly associated with worse National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (P = 0.004), worse mRS (P = 0.02), and death at 3 months (P = 0.0035). After adjusting for age and gender and NIHSS, the association between triglyceride and mortality at 3 months was not significant (P = 0.26). Conclusion. Lower triglyceride levels seem to be associated with a worse prognosis in AIS. </p>","PeriodicalId":91144,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience journal","volume":"2013 ","pages":"870608"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/870608","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34129138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 35
Encoding into Visual Working Memory: Event-Related Brain Potentials Reflect Automatic Processing of Seemingly Redundant Information. 编码入视觉工作记忆:事件相关脑电位反映表面冗余信息的自动加工。
Neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-05-12 DOI: 10.1155/2013/172614
Stefan Berti, Urte Roeber
{"title":"Encoding into Visual Working Memory: Event-Related Brain Potentials Reflect Automatic Processing of Seemingly Redundant Information.","authors":"Stefan Berti,&nbsp;Urte Roeber","doi":"10.1155/2013/172614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/172614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Encoding and maintenance of information in visual working memory in an S1-S2 task with a 1500 ms retention phase were investigated by means of event-related brain potentials (ERPs). Participants were asked to decide whether two visual stimuli were physically identical (identity comparison (IC) task) or belonged to the same set or category of equivalent patterns (category comparison (CC) task). The stimuli differ with regard to two features. (1) Each pattern can belong to a set of either four (ESS 4) or eight (ESS 8) equivalent patterns, mirroring differences in the complexity with regard to the representational structure of each pattern (i.e., equivalence set size (ESS)). (2) The set of patterns differ with regard to the rated complexity. Memory performance obtained the effects of the task instructions (IC versus CC) and the ESS (ESS 4 versus ESS 8) but not of the rated complexity. ERPs in the retention interval reveal that the stimulus-related factors (subjective complexity and ESS) affect the encoding of the stimuli as mirrored by the pronounced P3b amplitude in ESS 8 compared to ESS 4 patterns. Importantly, these effects are independent of task instructions. The pattern of results suggests an automatic processing of the ESS in the encoding phase. </p>","PeriodicalId":91144,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience journal","volume":"2013 ","pages":"172614"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/172614","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33957312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Functional Outcomes of Surgery in Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy versus Myelopathy: A Comparative Study. 神经根型颈椎病与脊髓病手术的功能结局:一项比较研究。
Neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-08-18 DOI: 10.1155/2013/293806
F Omidi-Kashani, E G Hasankhani, M F Vavsari, S Afsari, F Golhasani-Keshtan
{"title":"Functional Outcomes of Surgery in Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy versus Myelopathy: A Comparative Study.","authors":"F Omidi-Kashani,&nbsp;E G Hasankhani,&nbsp;M F Vavsari,&nbsp;S Afsari,&nbsp;F Golhasani-Keshtan","doi":"10.1155/2013/293806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/293806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background. Cervical spondylosis can cause three different categories of symptoms and signs with possible overlap in the affected patients. Aim. We aim to compare functional outcome of surgery in the patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy and myelopathy, regardless of their surgical type and approach. Materials and Methods. We retrospectively reviewed 140 patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy and myelopathy who had been operated from August 2006 to January 2011, as Group A (68 cases) and Group B (72 cases), respectively. The mean age was 48.2 and 55.7 years, while the mean followup was 38.9 and 37.3 months, respectively. Functional outcome of the patients was assessed by neck disability index (NDI) and patient satisfaction with surgery. Results. Only in Group A, the longer delay caused a worse surgical outcome (NDI). In addition, in Group B, there was no significant relationship between imaging signal change of the spinal cord and our surgical outcomes. Improvement in NDI and final satisfaction rate in both groups are comparable. Conclusions. Surgery was associated with an improvement in NDI in both groups (P < 0.001). The functional results in both groups were similar and comparable, regarding this index and patient's satisfaction score. </p>","PeriodicalId":91144,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience journal","volume":"2013 ","pages":"293806"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/293806","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33959817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Significance of Haemodynamic and Haemostatic Factors in the Course of Different Manifestations of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: The SHEF-CSVD Study-Study Rationale and Protocol. 血流动力学和止血因素在脑小血管疾病不同表现过程中的意义:SHEF-CSVD研究--研究原理与方案。
Neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-01-02 DOI: 10.1155/2013/424695
Jacek Staszewski, Renata Piusińska-Macoch, Ewa Skrobowska, Bogdan Brodacki, Rafał Pawlik, Tomasz Dutkiewicz, Wiesław Piechota, Alicja Rączka, Kazimierz Tomczykiewicz, Adam Stępień
{"title":"Significance of Haemodynamic and Haemostatic Factors in the Course of Different Manifestations of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: The SHEF-CSVD Study-Study Rationale and Protocol.","authors":"Jacek Staszewski, Renata Piusińska-Macoch, Ewa Skrobowska, Bogdan Brodacki, Rafał Pawlik, Tomasz Dutkiewicz, Wiesław Piechota, Alicja Rączka, Kazimierz Tomczykiewicz, Adam Stępień","doi":"10.1155/2013/424695","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2013/424695","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rationale. This paper describes the rationale and design of the SHEF-CSVD Study, which aims to determine the long-term clinical and radiological course of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and to evaluate haemostatic and haemodynamic prognostic factors of the condition. Design. This single-centre, prospective, non-interventional cohort study will follow 150 consecutive patients with different clinical manifestations of CSVD (lacunar ischaemic stroke, vascular dementia, vascular parkinsonism or spontaneous deep, intracerebral haemorrhage) and 50 age- and sex-matched controls over a period of 24 months. The clinical and radiological course will be evaluated basing on a detailed neurological, neuropsychological and MRI examinations. Haemodynamic (cerebral vasoreactivity, 24 h blood pressure control) and haemostatic factors (markers of endothelial and platelet dysfunction, brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation test) will be determined. Discussion. The scheduled study will specifically address the issue of haemodynamic and haemostatic prognostic factors and their course over time in various clinical manifestations of CSVD. The findings may aid the development of prophylactic strategies and individualised treatment plans, which are critical during the early stages of the disease. </p>","PeriodicalId":91144,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience journal","volume":"2013 ","pages":"424695"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4437267/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33959820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Biochemical Evidence for a Putative Inositol 1,3,4,5-Tetrakisphosphate Receptor in the Olfactory System of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). 大西洋鲑鱼嗅觉系统中肌醇1,3,4,5-四磷酸受体的生物化学证据。
Neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-03-11 DOI: 10.1155/2013/460481
Jiongdong Pang, Dennis E Rhoads
{"title":"Biochemical Evidence for a Putative Inositol 1,3,4,5-Tetrakisphosphate Receptor in the Olfactory System of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar).","authors":"Jiongdong Pang,&nbsp;Dennis E Rhoads","doi":"10.1155/2013/460481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/460481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Olfactory receptor neurons in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) appear to use a phosphoinositide-directed phospholipase C (PLC) in odorant signal transduction. The consequences of odor-activated PLC depend on its product, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). Therefore, a plasma membrane rich (PMR) fraction, previously characterized from salmon olfactory rosettes, was used to study binding sites for IP3 and its phosphorylation product, inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (IP4). Binding sites for IP3 were present at the lower limit for detection in the PMR fraction but were abundant in a microsomal fraction. Binding sites for IP4 were abundant in the PMR fraction and thus colocalized in the same subcellular fraction with odorant receptors for amino acids and bile acids. Binding of IP4 was saturable and high affinity (K d  = 83 nM). The rank order for potency of inhibition of IP4 by other inositol polyphosphates (InsP x ) followed the phosphorylation number with InsP6 > InsP5 > other InsP4 isomers > InsP3 isomers > InsP2 isomers, with the latter showing no activity. The consequences of PLC activity in this system may be dictated in part by a putative receptor for IP4. </p>","PeriodicalId":91144,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience journal","volume":"2013 ","pages":"460481"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/460481","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33959822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gene Network Analysis in Amygdala following Taste Aversion Learning in Rats. 大鼠味觉厌恶学习后杏仁核的基因网络分析。
Neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-05-23 DOI: 10.1155/2013/739764
Siva K Panguluri, Nobuyuki Kuwabara, Nigel Cooper, Srinivas M Tipparaju, Kevin B Sneed, Robert F Lundy
{"title":"Gene Network Analysis in Amygdala following Taste Aversion Learning in Rats.","authors":"Siva K Panguluri,&nbsp;Nobuyuki Kuwabara,&nbsp;Nigel Cooper,&nbsp;Srinivas M Tipparaju,&nbsp;Kevin B Sneed,&nbsp;Robert F Lundy","doi":"10.1155/2013/739764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/739764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) is an adaptive behavior that benefits survival of animals including humans and also serves as a powerful model to study the neural mechanisms of learning. Memory formation is a necessary component of CTA learning and involves neural processing and regulation of gene expression in the amygdala. Many studies have been focused on the identification of intracellular signaling cascades involved in CTA, but not late responsive genes underlying the long-lasting behavioral plasticity. In this study, we explored in silico experiments to identify persistent changes in gene expression associated with CTA in rats. We used oligonucleotide microarrays to identify 248 genes in the amygdala regulated by CTA. Pathway Studio and IPA software analyses showed that the differentially expressed genes in the amygdala fall in diverse functional categories such as behavior, psychological disorders, nervous system development and function, and cell-to-cell signaling. Conditioned taste aversion is a complex behavioral trait which involves association of visceral and taste inputs, consolidation of taste and visceral information, memory formation, retrieval of stored information, and extinction phase. In silico analysis of differentially expressed genes is therefore necessary to manipulate specific phase/stage of CTA to understand the molecular insight. </p>","PeriodicalId":91144,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience journal","volume":"2013 ","pages":"739764"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/739764","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34129134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Circadian Levels of Serum Melatonin and Cortisol in relation to Changes in Mood, Sleep, and Neurocognitive Performance, Spanning a Year of Residence in Antarctica. 在南极洲居住一年后,血清褪黑激素和皮质醇的昼夜节律水平与情绪、睡眠和神经认知表现的变化有关。
Neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2012-12-13 DOI: 10.1155/2013/254090
Madhumita Premkumar, Tarulata Sable, Dinesh Dhanwal, Richa Dewan
{"title":"Circadian Levels of Serum Melatonin and Cortisol in relation to Changes in Mood, Sleep, and Neurocognitive Performance, Spanning a Year of Residence in Antarctica.","authors":"Madhumita Premkumar,&nbsp;Tarulata Sable,&nbsp;Dinesh Dhanwal,&nbsp;Richa Dewan","doi":"10.1155/2013/254090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/254090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background. Altered circadian cortisol and melatonin rhythms in healthy subjects exposed to an extreme polar photoperiod results in changes in mood and sleep, which can influence cognitive performance. Materials and Methods. We assessed the circadian rhythm of 20 subjects who wintered over at Maitri (70°S, 11°E), India's permanent Antarctic station, from November 2010 to December 2011. Serum cortisol and melatonin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay at 8 am, 3 pm, 8 pm, and 2 am in a single day, once each during the polar summer and winter photoperiods. Conventional psychological tests, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-42), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and a computerized neurocognitive test battery were used to measure mood, sleep, and cognitive performance. Results. The mean scores for DASS42 were higher during midwinter suggesting the presence of \"overwintering.\" Mean diurnal cortisol levels during summer and winter were comparable, but the levels of melatonin were markedly higher during winter. Higher 8 am melatonin levels were associated with better sleep quality, lower depression scores, and better performance in tasks like attention, visual memory, and arithmetic. Conclusion. Timing of artificial light exposure and usage of melatonin supplements in improving sleep and cognitive performance in expedition teams are of future research interest. </p>","PeriodicalId":91144,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience journal","volume":"2013 ","pages":"254090"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/254090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33957315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
Cognitive, Affective, and Motivational Changes during Ostracism: An ERP, EMG, and EEG Study Using a Computerized Cyberball Task. 排斥期的认知、情感和动机变化:一项使用计算机化赛博球任务的ERP、EMG和EEG研究
Neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-11-07 DOI: 10.1155/2013/304674
Taishi Kawamoto, Hiroshi Nittono, Mitsuhiro Ura
{"title":"Cognitive, Affective, and Motivational Changes during Ostracism: An ERP, EMG, and EEG Study Using a Computerized Cyberball Task.","authors":"Taishi Kawamoto,&nbsp;Hiroshi Nittono,&nbsp;Mitsuhiro Ura","doi":"10.1155/2013/304674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/304674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals are known to be highly sensitive to signs of ostracism, such as being ignored or excluded; however, the cognitive, affective, and motivational processes underlying ostracism have remained unclear. We investigated temporal changes in these psychological states resulting from being ostracized by a computer. Using event-related brain potentials (ERPs), the facial electromyogram (EMG), and electroencephalogram (EEG), we focused on the P3b amplitude, corrugator supercilii activity, and frontal EEG asymmetry, which reflect attention directed at stimuli, negative affect, and approach/withdrawal motivation, respectively. Results of the P3b and corrugator supercilii activity replicated findings of previous studies on being ostracized by humans. The mean amplitude of the P3b wave decreased, and facial EMG activity increased over time. In addition, frontal EEG asymmetry changed from relative left frontal activation, suggestive of approach motivation, to relative right frontal activation, indicative of withdrawal motivation. These findings suggest that ostracism by a computer-generated opponent is an aversive experience that in time changes the psychological status of ostracized people, similar to ostracism by human. Our findings also imply that frontal EEG asymmetry is a useful index for investigating ostracism. Results of this study suggest that ostracism has well developed neurobiological foundations. </p>","PeriodicalId":91144,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience journal","volume":"2013 ","pages":"304674"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/304674","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33959818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 46
The Modulation of Error Processing in the Medial Frontal Cortex by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation. 经颅直流电刺激对额叶内侧皮层错误加工的调节。
Neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-04-17 DOI: 10.1155/2013/187692
Lisa Bellaïche, Manish Asthana, Ann-Christine Ehlis, Thomas Polak, Martin J Herrmann
{"title":"The Modulation of Error Processing in the Medial Frontal Cortex by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation.","authors":"Lisa Bellaïche,&nbsp;Manish Asthana,&nbsp;Ann-Christine Ehlis,&nbsp;Thomas Polak,&nbsp;Martin J Herrmann","doi":"10.1155/2013/187692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/187692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background. In order to prevent future errors, we constantly control our behavior for discrepancies between the expected (i.e., intended) and the real action outcome and continuously adjust our behavior accordingly. Neurophysiological correlates of this action-monitoring process can be studied with event-related potentials (error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe)) originating from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Patients with neuropsychiatric diseases often show performance monitoring dysfunctions potentially caused by pathological changes of cortical excitability; therefore, a modulation of the underlying neuronal activity might be a valuable therapeutic tool. One technique which allows us to explore cortical modulation of neural networks is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Therefore, we tested the effect of medial-prefrontal tDCS on error-monitoring potentials in 48 healthy subjects randomly assigned to anodal, cathodal, or sham stimulation. Results. We found that cathodal stimulation attenuated Pe amplitudes compared to both anodal and sham stimulation, but no effect for the ERN. Conclusions. Our results indicate that cathodal tDCS over the mPFC results in an attenuated cortical excitability leading to decreased Pe amplitudes. We therefore conclude that tDCS has a neuromodulatory effect on error-monitoring systems suggesting a future approach to modify the sensitivity of corresponding neural networks in patients with action-monitoring deficits. </p>","PeriodicalId":91144,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience journal","volume":"2013 ","pages":"187692"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/187692","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33957313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 30
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