Neuroscience journal最新文献_第3页

Transcription Factor EB Is Selectively Reduced in the Nuclear Fractions of Alzheimer's and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Brains. 转录因子EB在阿尔茨海默氏症和肌萎缩侧索硬化症大脑的核部分选择性减少。

Neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-06-28 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4732837

Hongjie Wang, Ruizhi Wang, Shaohua Xu, Madepalli K Lakshmana

{"title":"Transcription Factor EB Is Selectively Reduced in the Nuclear Fractions of Alzheimer's and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Brains.","authors":"Hongjie Wang, Ruizhi Wang, Shaohua Xu, Madepalli K Lakshmana","doi":"10.1155/2016/4732837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4732837","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple studies suggest that autophagy is strongly dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), as evidenced by accumulation of numerous autophagosomes, lysosomes with discontinuous membranes, and aggregated proteins in the patients' brains. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) was recently discovered to be a master regulator of lysosome biogenesis and autophagy. To examine whether aberrant autophagy in AD and ALS is due to alterations in TFEB expression, we systematically quantified the levels of TFEB in these brains by immunoblotting. Interestingly, cytoplasmic fractions of AD brains showed increased levels of normalized (to tubulin) TFEB only at Braak stage IV (61%, p < 0.01). Most importantly, normalized (to lamin) TFEB levels in the nuclear fractions were consistently reduced starting from Braak stage IV (52%, p < 0.01), stage V (67%, p < 0.01), and stage VI (85%, p < 0.01) when compared to normal control (NC) brains. In the ALS brains also, nuclear TFEB levels were reduced by 62% (p < 0.001). These data suggest that nuclear TFEB is selectively lost in ALS as well as AD brains, in which TFEB reduction was Braak-stage-dependent. Taken together, the observed reductions in TFEB protein levels may be responsible for the widely reported autophagy defects in these disorders. ","PeriodicalId":91144,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience journal","volume":"2016 ","pages":"4732837"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2016/4732837","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34682219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 44

How Extended Is Wernicke's Area? Meta-Analytic Connectivity Study of BA20 and Integrative Proposal. 韦尼克区有多广？关于 BA20 的元分析连接性研究和整合建议》。

Neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-02-23 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4962562

Alfredo Ardila, Byron Bernal, Monica Rosselli

{"title":"How Extended Is Wernicke's Area? Meta-Analytic Connectivity Study of BA20 and Integrative Proposal.","authors":"Alfredo Ardila, Byron Bernal, Monica Rosselli","doi":"10.1155/2016/4962562","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2016/4962562","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the functions of different brain areas has represented a major endeavor of contemporary neurosciences. The purpose of this paper was to pinpoint the connectivity of Brodmann area 20 (BA20) (inferior temporal gyrus, fusiform gyrus) in language tasks. A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the language network in which BA20 is involved. The DataBase of Brainmap was used; 11 papers corresponding to 12 experimental conditions with a total of 207 subjects were included in this analysis. Our results demonstrated seven clusters of activation including other temporal lobe areas (BA3, BA21), the insula, and the prefrontal cortex; minor clusters in the cingulate gyrus and the occipital lobe were observed; however, the volumes of all the activation clusters were small. Our results suggest that regardless of BA20 having certain participation in language processes it cannot be considered as a core language processing area (Wernicke's area); nonetheless, it could be regarded as kind of language processing marginal area, participating in \"extended Wernicke's area\" or simply \"Wernicke's system.\" It is suggested that \"core Wernicke's area\" roughly corresponds to BA21, BA22, BA41, and BA42, while a \"language associations area\" roughly corresponds to BA20, BA37, BA38, BA39, and BA40 (\"extended Wernicke's area\" or \"Wernicke's system\"). ","PeriodicalId":91144,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience journal","volume":"2016 1","pages":"4962562"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4781983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64404944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IPS Interest in the EEG of Patients after a Single Epileptic Seizure. 单次癫痫发作后患者脑电图中的 IPS 兴趣。

Neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-08-21 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5050278

Fatima Zahra Taoufiqi, Jamal Mounach, Amal Satte, Hamid Ouhabi, Aboubaker El Hessni

{"title":"IPS Interest in the EEG of Patients after a Single Epileptic Seizure.","authors":"Fatima Zahra Taoufiqi, Jamal Mounach, Amal Satte, Hamid Ouhabi, Aboubaker El Hessni","doi":"10.1155/2016/5050278","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2016/5050278","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. This study aims to evaluate the incidence of pathological cerebral activity responses to intermittent rhythmic photic stimulation (IPS) after a single epileptic seizure. Patients and Methods. One hundred and thirty-seven EEGs were performed at the Neurophysiology Department of Mohamed V Teaching Military Hospital in Rabat. Clinical and EEG data was collected. Results. 9.5% of our patients had photoparoxysmal discharges (PPD). Incidence was higher in males than in females, but p value was not significant (p = 0.34), and it was higher in children compared to adults with significant p value (p = 0.08). The most epileptogenic frequencies were within the range 15-20 Hz. 63 patients had an EEG after 72 hours; among them 11 were photosensitive (p = 0.001). The frequency of the PPR was significantly higher in patients with generalized abnormalities than in focal abnormalities (p = 0.001). EEG confirmed a genetic generalized epilepsy in 8 cases among 13 photosensitive patients. Conclusion. PPR is age related. The frequencies within the range 15-20 Hz should inevitably be included in EEG protocols. The presence of PPR after a first seizure is probably more in favor of generalized seizure rather than the other type of seizure. PPR seems independent from the delay Seizure-EEG. Our study did not show an association between sex and photosensitivity. ","PeriodicalId":91144,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience journal","volume":"2016 1","pages":"5050278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5011226/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64409999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adaptive Neuromorphic Circuit for Stereoscopic Disparity Using Ocular Dominance Map. 基于眼优势图的立体视差自适应神经形态回路。

Neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-05-03 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8751874

Sheena Sharma, Priti Gupta, C M Markan

{"title":"Adaptive Neuromorphic Circuit for Stereoscopic Disparity Using Ocular Dominance Map.","authors":"Sheena Sharma, Priti Gupta, C M Markan","doi":"10.1155/2016/8751874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8751874","url":null,"abstract":"Stereopsis or depth perception is a critical aspect of information processing in the brain and is computed from the positional shift or disparity between the images seen by the two eyes. Various algorithms and their hardware implementation that compute disparity in real time have been proposed; however, most of them compute disparity through complex mathematical calculations that are difficult to realize in hardware and are biologically unrealistic. The brain presumably uses simpler methods to extract depth information from the environment and hence newer methodologies that could perform stereopsis with brain like elegance need to be explored. This paper proposes an innovative aVLSI design that leverages the columnar organization of ocular dominance in the brain and uses time-staggered Winner Take All (ts-WTA) to adaptively create disparity tuned cells. Physiological findings support the presence of disparity cells in the visual cortex and show that these cells surface as a result of binocular stimulation received after birth. Therefore, creating in hardware cells that can learn different disparities with experience not only is novel but also is biologically more realistic. These disparity cells, when allowed to interact diffusively on a larger scale, can be used to adaptively create stable topological disparity maps in silicon. ","PeriodicalId":91144,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience journal","volume":"2016 ","pages":"8751874"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2016/8751874","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34428318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Supramaximal Stimulus Intensity as a Diagnostic Tool in Chronic Demyelinating Neuropathy. 最大刺激强度作为慢性脱髓鞘性神经病的诊断工具。

Neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-06-16 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6796270

Vivien Parker, Jodi Warman Chardon, Julie Mills, Claire Goldsmith, Pierre R Bourque

{"title":"Supramaximal Stimulus Intensity as a Diagnostic Tool in Chronic Demyelinating Neuropathy.","authors":"Vivien Parker, Jodi Warman Chardon, Julie Mills, Claire Goldsmith, Pierre R Bourque","doi":"10.1155/2016/6796270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6796270","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. The ability to correctly identify chronic demyelinating neuropathy can have important therapeutic and prognostic significance. The stimulus intensity value required to obtain a supramaximal compound muscle action potential amplitude is a commonly acquired data point that has not been formally assessed as a diagnostic tool in routine nerve conduction studies to identify chronic neuropathies. We postulated that this value was significantly elevated in chronic demyelinating neuropathy. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed electrophysiology laboratory records to compare the stimulus intensity values recorded during median and ulnar motor nerve conduction studies. The groups studied included normal controls (n = 42) and the following diagnostic categories: chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy (CIDP) (n = 20), acquired inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy (AIDP) (n = 13), Charcot Marie Tooth (CMT) type 1 or 4C (n = 15), carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) (n = 11), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (n = 18). Results. Supramaximal intensities were significantly higher in patients with CMT (median nerve: 43.4 mA) and CIDP (median nerve: 38.9 mA), whereas values similar to normal controls (median nerve: 25.3 mA) were obtained in ALS, CTS, and AIDP. Conclusions. Supramaximal stimulus intensity may be used as an additional criterion to identify the pathophysiology of neuropathy. We postulate that endoneurial hypertrophic changes may increase electrical impedance and thus the threshold of excitation at nodes of Ranvier. ","PeriodicalId":91144,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience journal","volume":"2016 ","pages":"6796270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2016/6796270","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34556928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Sex and Gender Differences in Central Nervous System-Related Disorders. 中枢神经系统相关疾病的性别差异。

Neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-05-30 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2827090

Emanuela Zagni, Lucia Simoni, Delia Colombo

引用次数: 140

Young-Adult Male Rats' Vulnerability to Chronic Mild Stress Is Reflected by Anxious-Like instead of Depressive-Like Behaviors. 年轻成年雄性大鼠对慢性轻度压力的脆弱性反映在焦虑样行为而不是抑郁样行为上。

Neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-06-28 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5317242

Herrera-Pérez José Jaime, Benítez-Coronel Venus, Jiménez-Rubio Graciela, Hernández-Hernández Olivia Tania, Martínez-Mota Lucía

{"title":"Young-Adult Male Rats' Vulnerability to Chronic Mild Stress Is Reflected by Anxious-Like instead of Depressive-Like Behaviors.","authors":"Herrera-Pérez José Jaime, Benítez-Coronel Venus, Jiménez-Rubio Graciela, Hernández-Hernández Olivia Tania, Martínez-Mota Lucía","doi":"10.1155/2016/5317242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5317242","url":null,"abstract":"In a previous study, we found that chronic mild stress (CMS) paradigm did not induce anhedonia in young-adult male rats but it reduced their body weight gain. These contrasting results encouraged us to explore other indicators of animal's vulnerability to stress such as anxious-like behaviors, since stress is an etiologic factor also for anxiety. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the vulnerability of these animals to CMS using behavioral tests of depression or anxiety and measuring serum corticosterone. Male Wistar rats were exposed to four weeks of CMS; the animals' body weight and sucrose preference (indicator of anhedonia) were assessed after three weeks, and, after the fourth week, some animals were evaluated in a behavioral battery (elevated plus maze, defensive burying behavior, and forced swimming tests); meanwhile, others were used to measure serum corticosterone. We found that CMS (1) did not affect sucrose preference, immobility behavior in the forced swimming test, or serum corticosterone; (2) decreased body weight gain; and (3) increased the rat's entries into closed arms of the plus maze and the cumulative burying behavior. These data indicate that young male rats' vulnerability to CMS is reflected as poor body weight gain and anxious-like instead of depressive-like behaviors. ","PeriodicalId":91144,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience journal","volume":"2016 ","pages":"5317242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2016/5317242","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34682220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Cerebral Blood Flow, Heart Rate, and Blood Pressure Patterns during the Tilt Test in Common Orthostatic Syndromes. 常见直立综合征倾斜试验期间的脑血流量、心率和血压模式。

Neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-07-20 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6127340

Peter Novak

{"title":"Cerebral Blood Flow, Heart Rate, and Blood Pressure Patterns during the Tilt Test in Common Orthostatic Syndromes.","authors":"Peter Novak","doi":"10.1155/2016/6127340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6127340","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. The head-up tilt test is widely used for evaluation of orthostatic intolerance. Although orthostatic symptoms usually reflect cerebral hypoperfusion, the cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv) profile in orthostatic syndromes is not well described. This study evaluated CBFv and cardiovascular patterns associated with the tilt test in common orthostatic syndromes. Methods. This retrospective study analyzed the tilt test of patients with history of orthostatic intolerance. The following signals were recorded: ECG, blood pressure, CBFv using transcranial Doppler, respiratory signals, and end tidal CO2. Results. Data from 744 patients were analyzed. Characteristic pattern associated with a particular orthostatic syndrome can be grouped into abnormalities predominantly affecting blood pressure (orthostatic hypotension, orthostatic hypertension syndrome, vasomotor oscillations, and neurally mediated syncope-cardioinhibitory, vasodepressor, and mixed), cerebral blood flow (orthostatic hypoperfusion syndrome, primary cerebral autoregulatory failure), and heart rate (tachycardia syndromes: postural tachycardia syndrome, paroxysmal sinus tachycardia, and inappropriate sinus tachycardia). Psychogenic pseudosyncope is associated with stable CBFv. Conclusions. The tilt test is useful add-on in diagnosis of several orthostatic syndromes. However diagnostic criteria for several syndromes had to be modified to allow unambiguous pattern classification. CBFv monitoring in addition to blood pressure and heart rate may increase diagnostic yield of the tilt test. ","PeriodicalId":91144,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience journal","volume":"2016 ","pages":"6127340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2016/6127340","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34308742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 35

Association of Cognitive Abilities and Brain Lateralization among Primary School Children in Kuwait. 科威特小学生认知能力与脑偏侧化的关系。

Neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-05-26 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6740267

Jasem Y Al-Hashel, Samar Farouk Ahmed, Hanouf Al-Mutairi, Shahd Hassan, Nora Al-Awadhi, Mariam Al-Saraji

{"title":"Association of Cognitive Abilities and Brain Lateralization among Primary School Children in Kuwait.","authors":"Jasem Y Al-Hashel, Samar Farouk Ahmed, Hanouf Al-Mutairi, Shahd Hassan, Nora Al-Awadhi, Mariam Al-Saraji","doi":"10.1155/2016/6740267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6740267","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Many studies have explored the cognitive variation between left- and right-handed individuals; however, the differences remain poorly understood. Aim of the Work. To assess the association between brain lateralization indicated by handedness and cognitive abilities. Material and Methods. A total of 217 students aged between 7 and 10 years of both genders were identified for the study. Males and females were equally distributed. All left-handed students were chosen. An equal group with right-handed students was randomly selected. Handedness was assessed using traditional writing hand approach as well as the WatHand Cabient Test and the Grooved Pegboard Test. Cognition was measured using Cambridge University's CANTAB eclipse cognitive battery. Pearson Correlation Coefficient Test \"r\" was calculated to measure the strength of association between quantitative data. Results. Right-handed children had superior visuospatial abilities (p = 0.011, r = 0.253), visual memory (p = 0.034, r = 0.205), and better scores in reaction time tests which incorporated elements of visual memory (p = 0.004, r = -0.271). Left-handed children proved to have better simple reaction times (p = 0.036, r = 0.201). Conclusion. Right-handed children had superior visuospatial abilities and left-handed children have better simple reaction times. ","PeriodicalId":91144,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience journal","volume":"2016 ","pages":"6740267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2016/6740267","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34586309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

The Progress of Mitophagy and Related Pathogenic Mechanisms of the Neurodegenerative Diseases and Tumor 神经退行性疾病和肿瘤的线粒体自噬及其相关致病机制研究进展

Neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2015-12-08 DOI: 10.1155/2015/543758

Ying Song, W. Ding, Yan Xiao, K. Lu

引用次数: 18