Journal of epidemiological research最新文献_第3页

Oral microbiome and history of smoking and colorectal cancer. 口腔微生物组和吸烟史与结直肠癌的关系。

Journal of epidemiological research Pub Date : 2016-04-22 DOI: 10.5430/jer.v2n2p92

I. Kato, A. Vasquez, Gregory A. Moyerbrailean, S. Land, Jun Sun, Ho-sheng Lin, J. Ram

{"title":"Oral microbiome and history of smoking and colorectal cancer.","authors":"I. Kato, A. Vasquez, Gregory A. Moyerbrailean, S. Land, Jun Sun, Ho-sheng Lin, J. Ram","doi":"10.5430/jer.v2n2p92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/jer.v2n2p92","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000The equilibrium of oral microbiome may be altered by environmental factors, including cigarette smoking. Several recent studies also suggest that oral pathogens causing periodontal disease, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, are involved in pathogenesis of colorectal cancer.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000For this study oral rinse DNA samples from 190 participants in a population-based case-control study for colorectal cancer were used to amplify a V3-V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The amplicons were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq paired end chemistry on two runs, yielding approximately 35 million filtered reads which were assigned to bacterial phyla.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000No association was found between Fusobacterium abundance or presence and colorectal cancer. However, adjusted for age and experimental batch, colorectal cancer history was associated with increased presence of genus Lactobacillus and increased relative abundance of Rothia by 28% and current smoking was associated with a 33% decrease in relative counts of Betaproteobacteria (primarily Neisseria) and 23% increase in relative abundance of Veillonellaceae family. We also found that smoking had significant effects on the 2nd component scores and 2nd coordinate distances in principal component and coordinate analyses.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000It remains to be elucidated whether the observed differences can be translated into biochemical changes in oral environment, thus potentially affecting oral health.","PeriodicalId":91116,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiological research","volume":"2 2 1","pages":"92-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5430/jer.v2n2p92","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71216661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 55

Associations between drug/alcohol use and emotional abuse: Who perpetrates emotional abuse against Latina women? 药物/酒精使用与情感虐待之间的关系:谁对拉丁裔妇女实施情感虐待?

Journal of epidemiological research Pub Date : 2016-04-01 DOI: 10.5430/jer.v2n1p95

Mariano Kanamori, Mario De La Rosa, Jessica Weissman, Patria Rojas, Maria Elena Villar, Mary Jo Trepka, Frank Dillon, Maritza Jaramillo

{"title":"Associations between drug/alcohol use and emotional abuse: Who perpetrates emotional abuse against Latina women?","authors":"Mariano Kanamori, Mario De La Rosa, Jessica Weissman, Patria Rojas, Maria Elena Villar, Mary Jo Trepka, Frank Dillon, Maritza Jaramillo","doi":"10.5430/jer.v2n1p95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/jer.v2n1p95","url":null,"abstract":"Emotional abuse is the most prevalent form of violence against Latinas. We examined dimensions and characteristics of Latino mothers' and daughters' exposure to emotional abuse and the associations between emotional abuse and heavy alcohol use and illicit drug illicit substance abuse. This 5-year longitudinal study included 112 Latino mothers and 121 Latino daughters. Analyses included: chi-square test and logistic regression. The proportion of women who reported being emotionally abused at Wave 2 but who did not report any emotional abuse during Wave 1 (5 years total) was 21.2% for daughters and 14.3% for mothers. Among emotionally abused women, 33.3% of mothers and 36.1% of daughters were abused by 2 or more people. Almost half of the mothers (48.0%) were emotionally abused by their son/daughter; 36.1% of daughters were emotionally abused by their mother. Mothers who abused drugs were more likely to be emotionally abused (OR = 3.86; 95% CI = 1.32, 11.34). Our findings suggest that attention should be given to emotional abuse and its potential for leading to substance abuse among Latinas.","PeriodicalId":91116,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiological research","volume":"2 1","pages":"95-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5430/jer.v2n1p95","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37698821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Results from implementing updated 2012 World Health Organization Guidance on early-warning indicators of HIV drug resistance in Zimbabwe. 在津巴布韦实施更新的2012年世界卫生组织艾滋病毒耐药性预警指标指南的结果。

Journal of epidemiological research Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.5430/jer.v2n2p85

More Mungati, Mutsa Mhangara, Janet Dzangare, Owen Mugurungi, Tsitsi Apollo, Elizabeth Gonese, Peter H Kilmarx, Christine C Chakanyuka-Musanhu, Gerald Shambira, Mufuta Tshimanga

{"title":"Results from implementing updated 2012 World Health Organization Guidance on early-warning indicators of HIV drug resistance in Zimbabwe.","authors":"More Mungati, Mutsa Mhangara, Janet Dzangare, Owen Mugurungi, Tsitsi Apollo, Elizabeth Gonese, Peter H Kilmarx, Christine C Chakanyuka-Musanhu, Gerald Shambira, Mufuta Tshimanga","doi":"10.5430/jer.v2n2p85","DOIUrl":"10.5430/jer.v2n2p85","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study evaluated the performance of sentinel sites in preventing the emergence of HIVDR using Early Warning Indicators (HIVDR EWI) survey.Methods: Adult and paediatric patient data on: On time pill pick up, Retention in care, Pharmacy stock-outs, and Dispensing practices was collected. Information from pharmacy registers was verified using facility-held cards. This was a cross-sectional analysis of retrospectively collected data from 72 sites providing both adult and paediatric ART as well as two providing adult ART only. All data were entered into and analysed using a WHO EWI data abstraction electronic tool.Results: Twenty-one percent of sites providing adult and 4.2% of sites providing paediatric ART managed to meet the target for on time pill pick up. Retention in care indicator was met by 48.7% (95% CI: 36.9-60.6) of sites. ARV stock-outs occurred in 81.1% (95% CI: 70-89.3) adult sites and 63.9% (95% CI: 50-78.6) paediatric sites. ARVs were appropriately dispensed by 86.5% (95% CI: 75.6-93.3) of adult sites and 84.7% (95% CI: 74.3-92.1) of paediatric sites.Conclusions: Most sites had low performance in many indicators in this survey and failed to meet the recommended targets. Some policies such as the current buffer stock and storage outside Harare should be revised in order to improve site access to ARVs. The country should prioritize the provision of viral load testing services in all provinces. The electronic patient management system should be rolled out to all ART sites to improve patient tracking and monitoring by sites.","PeriodicalId":91116,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiological research","volume":"2 2","pages":"85-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5983043/pdf/nihms969824.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36189153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of ophthalmology departments in overcoming health care disparities. 眼科部门在消除医疗差距方面的作用。

Journal of epidemiological research Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.5430/jer.v2n1p25

Rebecca J Salowe, Prithvi Sankar, Eydie Miller-Ellis, Maxwell Pistilli, Gui-Shuang Ying, Joan M O'Brien

{"title":"The role of ophthalmology departments in overcoming health care disparities.","authors":"Rebecca J Salowe, Prithvi Sankar, Eydie Miller-Ellis, Maxwell Pistilli, Gui-Shuang Ying, Joan M O'Brien","doi":"10.5430/jer.v2n1p25","DOIUrl":"10.5430/jer.v2n1p25","url":null,"abstract":"Ophthalmology departments can play a unique role in providing care for at-risk patients. This study analyzed the age, gender, and socioeconomic measures for 267,286 unique African American patients seen at University of Pennsylvania Health System (UPHS). Patients seen by the Ophthalmology Department (n=33,801) were older and more likely to be from impoverished zip codes than those seen by other UPHS specialists. These results hint at several inherent advantages of ophthalmology departments in recruiting older, disadvantaged patients to their clinics. We found that supplementing this advantage with strong patient relationships, involvement of community leaders, and customized outreach efforts was key to overcoming access-to-care issues and to reaching these patients. This provides ophthalmologists with a unique opportunity to capture and refer systemic conditions with ocular manifestations and to possibly reduce disparities such as post-hospitalization readmission and mortality observed disproportionately in impoverished populations.","PeriodicalId":91116,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiological research","volume":"2 1 1","pages":"25-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4724872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71216599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Needs assessment for emerging oral microbiome knowledge in dental hygiene education. 口腔卫生教育中新兴口腔微生物组知识的需求评估。

Journal of epidemiological research Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.5430/jer.v1n1p1

R Constance Wiener, Alcinda Trickett Shockey

引用次数: 3