Journal of epidemiological research最新文献

{"title":"Epidemiology of constipation in adults: Why estimates of prevalence differ","authors":"Barry L. Werth","doi":"10.5430/JER.V5N1P37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/JER.V5N1P37","url":null,"abstract":"This review of over 80 articles published in the last 30 years shows that estimates of the prevalence of chronic constipation in community-dwelling adults varied widely from 2.4% to 39.6% in general adult populations and from 4% to 25.8% in older adult populations. Estimates of the prevalence of any constipation (including both chronic and sporadic constipation) also varied widely from 2.6% to 31.0% in general adult populations and from 4.4% to 44.5% in older adult populations. Apart from any country or regional differences, this wide range of estimated prevalence may be attributed to different definitions used for both chronic and any constipation as well as different data collection methods and sampling differences. Sampling issues include sample size, representativeness and age range of populations sampled. Further research is required to examine the impact of different definitions on prevalence estimates to help determine the best definitions for use in future epidemiological studies. If standard definitions can be universally agreed and used, along with appropriate sampling and data collection methods, more precise estimates of constipation prevalence should be attained. This would allow more meaningful comparisons between countries and may also provide the ability to pool results.","PeriodicalId":91116,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiological research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5430/JER.V5N1P37","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44416250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current behavioral, socioeconomic and demographic determinants of lifetime HIV testing among African Americans in the deep south","authors":"Kemi Ogunsina, Luz A. Padilla, Jazmyne V. Simmons, G. McGwin","doi":"10.5430/JER.V5N1P28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/JER.V5N1P28","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The Southern region of the United States (US) experiences higher HIV related disparities, majority of new HIV infections are transmitted by individuals who are unaware of their status. African Americans constitute 44% of HIV diagnosis in the US, and African American gay and bisexual men accounted for the largest number of new HIV diagnosis in 2016. Methods: Data from nine southern states in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 2016 was analyzed using logistic regression.Results: We found Individuals less likely to test for HIV included: heterosexuals, married individuals, living in a nonMetropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), others (retirees, students and homemakers), older than 65 years and/or with less than high school education.Conclusion: Amid finite resources, interventions for HIV testing among African Americans should focus more on theseindividuals who are less likely to be aware of their HIV status, further contributing to new HIV infections. ","PeriodicalId":91116,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiological research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5430/JER.V5N1P28","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45946113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between continuity of care and the severity of diabetes-related complications","authors":"Jinhua He, T. Tung, J. Xue, Pei-En Chen, Ching-Wen Chien","doi":"10.5430/JER.V5N1P20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/JER.V5N1P20","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To assess the association between continuity of care and severity of diabetes-related complications for geriatric diabetic patients.Methods: A retrospective study using 2009-2013 Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database one million beneficiary version were conducted. Utilization data of 3,885 geriatric patients who newly had type 2 diabetes were studied. Five-year Continuity of Care Index (COCI) and the adapted Diabetes Complications Severity Index (aDCSI) of each subject were calculated. A Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was used to distinguish patients with similar five-year COCI into different trajectories.  A general estimating equation(GEE) was used to assess the association between COCI trajectories and aDCSI. Results: The ratio of male to female in this study was 2:3. At the time of inclusion, the average age was 71.79 (4.65) years old. GBTM subjects can be divided into four different trajectories according to their COCI: low-level continuity of care trajectories, increasing continuity of care trajectories, decreasing continuity of care trajectory, and high-level continuity of care trajectory. After GEE analysis,  the high continuity of care trajectories were associated with a significant decrease in aDCSI score.Conclusion:The results of this study suggested better continuity of care was associated with less severity of diabetes-related complications for geriatric patients.","PeriodicalId":91116,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiological research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47724852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case series of Henoch–Schönleinpurpura in a street in Northwest of China","authors":"Xiaojie Yuan, Lacheng Huang, Chaofeng Ma, Yu Ma, Yongbo Li, Hengxin Li, Z. Shao","doi":"10.5430/JER.V5N1P15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/JER.V5N1P15","url":null,"abstract":"Henoch-Schönleinpurpura (HSP), a self-limiting systematic vasculitic disease, occurs almost sporadically, and spatial-clustering series cases have rarely been reported. Herein, we report a case series of HSP that is strictly confined to a street of Zheng village in Xianyang City of Shaanxi Province, northwest of China.","PeriodicalId":91116,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiological research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5430/JER.V5N1P15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45047319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical disparity of elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels among the working population of Taipei, Taiwan","authors":"Chi-Te Sun, Shih-yu Kuo, W. Chiu, Ming-Chih Chen, T. Tung","doi":"10.5430/JER.V5N1P7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/JER.V5N1P7","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To explore sex variations in the prevalence and factors of high serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level among the working population in Taipei, Taiwan.Methods: This study included 8,351 healthy adults (5,247 men and 3,104 women) who admitted to a teaching hospital voluntarily for a physical examination in 2009. The definitions of occupations include computer and mathematical occupations, architecture and engineering occupations, community and social service occupations, sales and related occupations, office and administrative support occupations, and production occupations. The age distribution of $leq$ 29 yrs, 30-39 yrs, 40-49 yrs, and $geq$ 50 yrs were 22.5%, 36.8%, 23.5%, and 17.2%, respectively. Fasting blood samples were drawn using venipuncture and participants were interviewed with a structured questionnaire.Results: The overall prevalence of high serum ALT level ($geq $ 40 U/L) was 17.1%. After stratified the data according to age into four age groups ($leq$ 29yrs, 30-39 yrs, 40-49 yrs, and $geq$ 50 yrs) , the men participants revealed a higher prevalence of high serum ALT levels for all age groups than the women participants. Bases on multiple logistic regression models, for the men, the significant factors were associated with high serum ALT level and included age (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.95-097), BMI [no matter whether overweight (OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.99-3.02) or obese (OR = 4.02, 95% CI: 3.22-5.03)], hypercholesterolemia (yes vs. no, OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.05-1.48), hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.04-1.50), high FPG levels (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.05-2.09), high AST levels (OR = 26.71, 95% CI: 19.00-37.54), hyperuricemia (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.25-1.76), high ALP levels (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.00-1.45), and high glutamic acid transaminase levels (OR = 4.31, 95% CI: 3.61-5.14). For the women subjects, the statistically significant factors that were associated with high serum ALT level included BMI [no matter whether overweight (OR = 3.53, 95% CI: 1.87-6.67) or obese (OR = 4.32, 95% CI: 2.26-8.23)], high AST levels (yes vs. no, OR = 38.49, 95% CI: 21.45-49.28), high BUN levels (yes vs. no, OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.03-2.29), and high glutamic acid transaminase levels (yes vs. no, OR = 9.87, 95% CI: 5.79-16.83).Conclusion: In conclusion, the clinical problem of elevated serum ALT level is important in the working population. Many subjects are asymptomatic and the diagnosis of high serum ALT level should be considered with sex, age, hyperuricemia, high AST levels, high ALP levels, high glutamic acid transaminase levels, and metabolic risk factors in mind.","PeriodicalId":91116,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiological research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5430/JER.V5N1P7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47198297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence rates of brain cancer following an outbreak of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome","authors":"C. Lin, N. Younes, P. Levine","doi":"10.5430/JER.V5N1P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/JER.V5N1P1","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies utilizing data from the Nevada Cancer Registry suggested a transient increase in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and brain cancer in northern Nevada following an outbreak of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) in that area which was not seen in southern Nevada which had no reported CFS outbreaks.  A subsequent study from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) using data from the NCI’s Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program and Medicare documented the association between CFS and NHL on a national basis but no other cancer association was seen.  Since brain cancer has a younger age distribution than NHL, we returned to the Nevada Cancer Registry and used ten more years of data and additional analyses to determine if there was an association between CFS and brain cancer by age.  This study confirmed the increased incidence of brain cancer following the outbreak in northern Nevada but not southern Nevada with the increase limited to the under 65 age group, thus explaining why the SEER-Medicare analysis only analyzing data in the 65 and above age group did not detect this association.","PeriodicalId":91116,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiological research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5430/JER.V5N1P1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45049007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of risk and protective factors for preterm birth in rural, suburban, and urban Fresno County, California","authors":"R. Baer, Lauren Lessard, Marta M. Jankowska, James G. Anderson, J. Block, C. Chambers, Jonathan D. Fuchs, M. Kuppermann, M. McLemore, Gail Newel, S. Oltman, E. Rogers, K. Ryckman, M. Steurer, Jiue-An Yang, L. Franck, L. Rand, L. Jelliffe‐Pawlowski","doi":"10.5430/jer.v4n2p50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/jer.v4n2p50","url":null,"abstract":"Preterm birth (PTB, < 37 weeks’ gestation) may impose lifelong sequelae or death. Fresno County reports the highest rate of PTB in California. A place-based approach investigating local risk factors for PTB may provide important opportunities for intervention and prevention. In this study, we examine risk and protective factors for PTB in rural, suburban, and urban Fresno County, California. The sample was drawn from Fresno County, California singleton births 2007-2012 (n = 81,021). Multivariate models of maternal risk and protective factors for PTB were stratified by rural, suburban, and urban residence. Women with diabetes, hypertension, infection, fewer than three prenatal care visits, previous PTB, interpregnancy interval less than six months, or were of Black race/ethnicity were at increased risk of PTB. The risk of PTB was highest for women residing in rural locations with preeclampsia superimposed on preexisting hypertension (adjusted relative risk (aRR) 5.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.4-7.4). For women living in urban residences, maternal birth in Mexico and overweight body mass index (BMI) offered protection from PTB (aRRs 0.9), whereas participation in the Women, Infants and Children program was protective for women in either urban or rural residences (aRRs 0.8). Public insurance, <12 year of education,  underweight BMI, and interpregnancy interval of five years or more were risk factors only for women in urban residences. These findings may provide important opportunities for local intervention. ","PeriodicalId":91116,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiological research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5430/jer.v4n2p50","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44892275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower incidence of unintentional injury with older age in children in China? A meta-analysis","authors":"Huiting Yu, Chan Nie, Yanna Zhou, Xue Wang, Haiyan Wang, Xiuquan Shi","doi":"10.5430/jer.v4n2p42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/jer.v4n2p42","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between children's age and the incidence of unintentional injuries, and giving some basic data on the guidance for the prevention of unintentional injuries in children aged 0 to 18 years in China.Methods: The literatures on the incidence of unintentional injury in children included in China from 2008 to 2018 were analyzed by meta-analysis method. The data were retrieved according to the guidance of Cochrane Systematic review. A meta-analysis was carried out on homogeneous studies, and then subgroup analysis was conducted according to age group. Publication bias was also evaluated. Stata software (version 15.0) and SPSS software (version 18.0) were used to analyze the gathered information. Results: A total of 3，303 related pieces of literature were reviewed. Of the 37 that met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis showed that total sample sizes were 77，023, and the pooled incidence of unintentional injury is 20%, 95%CI (17%-23%), (P< 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed the following results: the incidence are 15%, 23%, 20% and 20% for aged in “0-2”, “3-5”, “6-11”, “12-18” subgroups, respectively. However, the trend of decreased incidence of unintentional injury with older age in children was not significant.Conclusions: The pooled incidence of unintentional injuries in children is high. Based on accessible literature, the incidence between different age subgroup were not statistically significant. We should pay attention to the incidence of unintentional injuries in children of all age subgroups.","PeriodicalId":91116,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiological research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5430/jer.v4n2p42","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47678110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reasons for non-attendance nutrition appointment among medically underserved community in Rural Mississippi","authors":"A. Alakaam, J. Lemacks, Ashley Parker","doi":"10.5430/JER.V4N2P35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/JER.V4N2P35","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study sought to examine the reasons for nonattendance of nutrition appointments and explore the determinants that contribute to this phenomenon among medically underserved and uninsured individuals.Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted with five sections questionnaires distributed at a healthcare clinic in a rural area in south Mississippi. Participants (n=346) were surveyed who had attended the clinic for a health appointment. Nutrition appointment attendance, reasons to miss a scheduled nutrition appointment, and effective appointment reminders were evaluated. Descriptive statistics were determined for the variables, Chi square and bivariate correlation tests were used to determine relationships between participants’ demographics, health conditions, and other variables.Results: About 87% of participants indicated that they had not attended a nutrition appointment and 26.8% indicated that they had missed a nutrition appointment. Most participants specified that forgetfulness (39%) and transportation problems (25%) were the most likely reasons to miss a nutrition appointment. Most indicated that a phone call would be the most effective appointment reminder. About half of participants believed the reason behind missing a nutrition appointment is that their physicians did not place importance on attending such appointment. No significant association or differences were found between the variables.Conclusion:  Findings can be used to improve access to nutrition counseling among underserved patients, and to develop effective appointment reminders to decrease nonattendance rates. Future research is warranted to analyze the effect that nutrition appointments has on individual’s health.","PeriodicalId":91116,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiological research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5430/JER.V4N2P35","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48826393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the Perceived Neighborhood Environment Questionnaire for diabetes mellitus type 2 patients","authors":"D. Perwitasari, I. N. Faridah, Bustanul Arifin, Laras Novitasari, Eva Niamuzisilawati, I. N. Utami","doi":"10.5430/JER.V4N2P28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/JER.V4N2P28","url":null,"abstract":"The success of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) therapy does not solely depend on laboratory test results, but is also influenced by the patients’ quality of life (QoL). Patients’ QoL is affected by numerous factors, including distress and their home environment. This study aims to acquire a valid and reliable instrument concerning neighborhood conditions felt by DMT2 subjects. The research applied a cross-sectional design with adult DMT2 patients at the Local General Hospital Moewardi Solo. The Perceived Neighborhood Environment Questionnaire (PNEQ) was translated from English to Indonesian with the procedure of forward-backward translation. Statistical analyses were conducted to determine reliability, discriminant, convergent and known-group validity. The three domains of PNEQ have low reliability (Cronbach’s alpha <0.7), while three questions have not met convergent validity and only one question has not attained discriminant validity. The PNEQ can be used on the Indonesian people with further explanations on questions that have not achieved reliability and validity.","PeriodicalId":91116,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiological research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5430/JER.V4N2P28","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47584757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}