{"title":"Children’s Early Acquisition of Syntactic Category: A Corpus-Based Analysis of English Determiner-Noun Combinational Flexibility","authors":"Yumeng Lin, Songqi Li","doi":"10.5539/ijel.v12n6p78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v12n6p78","url":null,"abstract":"While the generativist account posits that an abstract specification of syntactic categories is innate and children show adult-like performance from an early stage, the constructivist account postulates that children’s early acquisition of grammatical categories is item-based and reflects limited rules later. The present study tests these assumptions in a specific category, the English determiners. More specifically, we took the controlled measures of overlap (e.g., the use of definite article the and indefinite articles a/an before the same noun type) in 16 children and their mothers’ spontaneous speech as an indicator of determiner-noun combinational flexibility. A series of three studies were conducted, in which we strictly controlled the impact of differences between children and adults in lexical knowledge. In Study 1 and Study 2, we find that children’s use of determiners shows a significant difference from adults but this difference disappeared later. Furthermore, Study 3 investigates the influence of external environment with birth order and family’s social class as factors and emphasizes that the input factor is worthy of further investigation in future studies. These findings are consistent with one of the constructivist claims, namely that children’s early acquisition of determiners is not category-based and their flexibility in using determiners gradually approximates that of adults with development.","PeriodicalId":91092,"journal":{"name":"International journal of English linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46431687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 12, No. 5","authors":"Diana Xu","doi":"10.5539/ijel.v12n5p105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v12n5p105","url":null,"abstract":"Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 12, No. 5, 2022. ","PeriodicalId":91092,"journal":{"name":"International journal of English linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47307000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gender Analysis of Writing E-Mails Received from Graduate Students at Saudi Universities","authors":"Noorah A. Almohaimeed","doi":"10.5539/ijel.v12n6p69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v12n6p69","url":null,"abstract":"The relationships students form with faculty play a critical role in their success at university, it can ease students’ fears about seeking assistance on assignments and other issues they may encounter. Therefore, e-mails have become an important part of the educational process. Accordingly, this study aims to explore the impact of gender orientation on the language used by Saudi students writing e-mails to their instructors at Saudi universities. The study depends on Media-Richness Theory (MRT). It intends to stay away from misinterpretation or disarray in cross-gender communications and encourage instructors and students to gain more familiarity with common communication styles in Saudi Arabia. MRT is used to analyze three linguistic features, namely abbreviations, emoticons, and word length. This study utilized a quantitative research design. Considering 24 e-mail samples, 12 were received from male students and 12 were from females. Among male students, the findings indicate that abbreviations are used in their e-mail communications but less often by female students. With regards to emoticons, female students tend to use them more frequently than male students. Lastly, in the case of word length, female students appeared with a significant number of words per e-mail, whereas few male students did.","PeriodicalId":91092,"journal":{"name":"International journal of English linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48243098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Code-Switching Between Arabic and English as a Communicative Strategy Among Preschool Bilingual Saudi Children","authors":"Samaher H. Alrasheed","doi":"10.5539/ijel.v12n6p58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v12n6p58","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted on four Saudi preschool children enrolled in an international school in Saudi Arabia. It aims at investigating the social motivations for the occurrence of code-switching in the speech of the study sample. In order to investigate the presence of this phenomenon, both qualitative and quantitative research designs were applied. For the purpose of the study, two research tools were used: a parental questionnaire and a storytelling activity session. Furthermore, to identify the different types of code-switching that occurred in the participants’ speech, Poplack’s (1980) classification approach was used. Findings show that Saudi children use only two types of code switching, and inter-sentential code-switching is used more frequently than intra-sentential code-switching. The results also indicated three communicative functions of Arabic/English code-switching among Saudi preschool children, i.e., to decrease the social distance, ask for the equivalent word in another language, and express feelings and thoughts.","PeriodicalId":91092,"journal":{"name":"International journal of English linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42994286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Contrastive Study on the Utilization of Discourse Markers in the Discussion Section of English Research Articles","authors":"Lana S. Almohaimeed","doi":"10.5539/ijel.v12n6p36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v12n6p36","url":null,"abstract":"Cohesion is an important aspect of English texts, and to achieve that, writers utilize certain devices known as Discourse Markers (DMs). This study thus sought to analyze the discussion section of 12 research articles (RAs) published on two different journals (i.e., Language Teaching Research and American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics) which cover contrastive disciplines (i.e., humanities and medicine) so as to find out the most used category of DMs. Additionally, the study aimed at identifying the differences between these two disciplines as to how DMs were utilized. The study thus adopted qualitative methods. That is, the analysis was based on Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) and Fraser’s (2009) classification frameworks of DMs. Results revealed that elaborative DMs were the most used category of DMs across all the RAs. Furthermore, the LTR corpus exhibited more varieties of DMs than the AJMG corpus in which DMs were less used. Lastly, some suggestions are given for future research that have interest in discourse analysis in general, and in contrastive analysis in particular.","PeriodicalId":91092,"journal":{"name":"International journal of English linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47830701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Arabic-English Code-Switching in the Saudi Video Gaming Community: A Sociolinguistic Perspective","authors":"Farah Sulaiman AlBathi","doi":"10.5539/ijel.v12n6p25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v12n6p25","url":null,"abstract":"In this sociolinguistics paper, I discuss code-switching behaviour while playing an online video game. The purpose of the study is to bridge the knowledge gap in the literature regarding code-switching within the Saudi Arabian gaming community. Although a significant amount of research has been carried out on the topic of code-switching, the phenomenon of code-switching among online gamers has received little attention. The focus of this research is Saudi online gamers playing online video games, specifically Overwatch (a team-based online multiplayer game). The research questions investigated how the game format (casual or ranked) and the age of the players influence the occurrence of code-switching. Data collection was based on a quantitative approach and participating in Overwatch matches. Observing the presence of players and their frequency of code-switching allowed for the creation of objective data. The findings indicate that both the format of Overwatch matches and the age of the players had an impact on code-switching. Matches that took place in an intense setting (ranked matches) had more instances of code-switching than those in a casual setting. The results show that the age of the players affected code-switching because younger players were less likely to code-switch than older players were. The research illuminates the ways in which individuals who are part of Saudi Arabia’s gaming community interact with one another and sheds light on the online settings in which code-switching is most prevalent. Future studies should investigate other video game genres to broaden the understanding of the phenomenon of code-switching in online video games.","PeriodicalId":91092,"journal":{"name":"International journal of English linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47169559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Saudi Graduate Students’ Perceptions Toward Automated Writing Feedback for Improving Academic Writing","authors":"Waad Alsaweed","doi":"10.5539/ijel.v12n6p48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v12n6p48","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last few years, we have witnessed a growth in the studies that focus on the feedback on writing in a second language, including computer-based feedback (Zhang & Hyland, 2018). Automated writing feedback refers to the immediate feedback generated by computers to correct or improve the text. The current study discusses the perceptions of Saudi graduate students toward using automated writing feedback to improve their academic writing. The design of the research is a quantitative survey study. A questionnaire consisting of 13 items is the instrument for data collection. The sample size is 46 (male and female) Saudi graduate students. By using descriptive statistics, the findings revealed positive perceptions of the use of automated writing feedback tools. The findings of this study could shed light on the importance of conducting more research on the impact of automated writing feedback in one particular writing aspect, such as organization, content, coherence, unity, or style.","PeriodicalId":91092,"journal":{"name":"International journal of English linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48433335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EFL Teachers’ Perceptions and Beliefs About a Professional Development Programme at an English Language Institute at a Saudi Arabian University","authors":"Hussain Alhoussawi","doi":"10.5539/ijel.v12n5p95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v12n5p95","url":null,"abstract":"This research study, based on qualitative research design, reports on the findings from native and non-native university English language teachers’ perceptions and beliefs with regards to a professional development programme they attended in their teaching context where they work at an English language institute (ELI) that is part of a Saudi university. The sample consisted of five male English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers who were involved in teaching intensive EFL courses at a Preparatory Year Programme (PYP). In this study, semi-structured interviews were utilized as the data collection method. Analysis of the data revealed that all teachers had a wide understanding of some essential issues related to professional development. Most of these teachers supported adopting the obligation policy of teacher involvement in the professional development programme. On the other hand, several participants voiced few concerns towards the available activities that are marked by being irresponsive to their needs, inadequate for the teaching context and unhelpful for them to reflect on their teaching practice. Also, the data highlighted the absence of the teachers’ role in the implemented professional development programme. The findings, however, indicated that the participants found the group discussion useful and enriching to their learning experiences. Furthermore, the data findings pinpointed that the teachers provided some useful suggestions for future improvement in the study context. Their suggestions tackled the trainer’s competence, needs analysis and the involvement of teachers in setting the agenda of their professional development programs.","PeriodicalId":91092,"journal":{"name":"International journal of English linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42069741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of English Proficiency on Caucasian Face Gender Perception by Chinese-English Bilinguals: Evidence from ERP","authors":"Xinan Zhou, Yifei Ji","doi":"10.5539/ijel.v12n6p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v12n6p1","url":null,"abstract":"Chinese and English differ in the encoding of biological gender in the spoken forms of 3rd person singular pronouns. Linguistic relativity theories predict that structural differences across languages are accompanied with differences in non-linguistic cognition. However, the pronoun difference between the two languages seems so trivial that its influence on gender perception is unbelievable except with empirical support. The present study conducted an ERP experiment with native speakers of Chinese learning English as a foreign language and differing in English proficiency. The odd-ball paradigm was used to examine whether L2 proficiency would influence how these Chinese-English bilinguals perform on Caucasian face gender perception. The experiment yielded null effect of L2 proficiency on the vMMN that was elicited for the gender category, as well as the control age category. The results suggest that the difference in the pronoun encoding of biological gender between Chinese and English may not influence gender perception in the nonlinguistic context, although it is not surprising considering the triviality of such cross-linguistic difference and the widespread gender binary opposition in daily life.","PeriodicalId":91092,"journal":{"name":"International journal of English linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45500514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Colexification of Xià in Modern Chinese","authors":"Lincai Kuang, Ping-hui Liao, Kun Yang","doi":"10.5539/ijel.v12n6p13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v12n6p13","url":null,"abstract":"Xià ‘down’ is a hot topic in the study of directional verbs in modern Chinese. Previous studies mainly focus on its syntactic property, syntax-semantics, and diachronic evolution. Few studies explore the lexical-semantic meanings of xià ‘down’, let alone taking a cross-dialectal or cross-linguistic perspective. This paper discusses the lexical semantics of xià ‘down’ in modern Chinese and builds the colexificational network for xià ‘down’ based on its 21 different meanings. Through analyzing the colexifications for xià ‘down’ in Mandarin Chinese and different languages, it is found that the common colexification between the two networks. This paper also discusses the mechanisms for colexification of xià ‘down’, i.e., similarity and metaphorical rules. The similarity mechanism calls for the Goldilocks principle: meanings are more likely to attach to the same word when they are related to an optimal degree. The metaphorical rules of xià ‘down’ map onto the space domain, time domain, state domain, and quantity domain, following the cline of “SPACE > TIME > STATE> QUANTITY”.","PeriodicalId":91092,"journal":{"name":"International journal of English linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42674562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}