Metabolism and target organ damage最新文献_第4页

The bidirectional relationship between fatty liver disease and COVID-19 脂肪肝与COVID-19的双向关系

Metabolism and target organ damage Pub Date : 2023-07-11 DOI: 10.20517/mtod.2022.36

A. Liguori, V. Calvez, F. D’Ambrosio, A. Sciarra, G. Marrone, M. Biolato, A. Grieco, A. Gasbarrini, A. Alisi, L. Miele

{"title":"The bidirectional relationship between fatty liver disease and COVID-19","authors":"A. Liguori, V. Calvez, F. D’Ambrosio, A. Sciarra, G. Marrone, M. Biolato, A. Grieco, A. Gasbarrini, A. Alisi, L. Miele","doi":"10.20517/mtod.2022.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mtod.2022.36","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have emerged as global pandemics affecting millions of people worldwide over the past three years. NAFLD is particularly prevalent in individuals with metabolic comorbidities, such as diabetes and obesity, which have been strongly linked to a severe course of Sars-CoV-2 infection. Recently, due to the close association between metabolic abnormalities and NAFLD, the disease has been redefined as metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This review offers an overview of the biological and cellular mechanisms by which COVID-19 can cause liver damage, with a specific focus on the influence of fatty liver in these mechanisms. Additionally, it explores how fatty liver can exacerbate a COVID-19 infection and, conversely, if the presence of COVID-19 may accelerate the development and progression of fatty liver. Finally, the review examines the existing evidence suggesting that NAFLD or MAFLD independently contributes to a heightened severity of COVID-19, while also considering other factors such as age and metabolic comorbidities that may play a role in the disease’s progression.","PeriodicalId":91001,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism and target organ damage","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42750765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sex disparity in the liver regeneration focusing on sex hormones 以性激素为中心的肝脏再生中的性别差异

Metabolism and target organ damage Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.20517/mtod.2023.04

Chanbin Lee, Youngmi Jung

{"title":"Sex disparity in the liver regeneration focusing on sex hormones","authors":"Chanbin Lee, Youngmi Jung","doi":"10.20517/mtod.2023.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mtod.2023.04","url":null,"abstract":"The liver is known as a sexually dimorphic organ because it has both androgen and estrogen receptors and responds to sex hormones. Specifically, the unique ability of the liver to regenerate is under the control of sex hormones. In human patients, liver recovery after resection occurs more quickly in women than in men. Accumulating evidence shows that change in the amount of sex hormones occurs quickly after partial hepatectomy (PHx) and impacts the expression of genes associated with liver regeneration. Increased estrogen promotes liver regeneration by regulating liver cell proliferation and energy metabolism, whereas estrogen depletion delays liver restoration. Implantation of estrogen in male mice with PHx improves liver regeneration. In addition, a few studies report that androgen is involved in enhancing liver regeneration, but its role in this process is not fully elucidated. This review briefly describes the change of estrogen and androgen during liver regeneration after PHx and discusses their feasible relevance to liver regeneration based on the results reported so far. Therefore, this review helps to improve our understanding of the sex-related physiological difference in liver restoration and develop a sex-specific therapeutic approach for liver regeneration.","PeriodicalId":91001,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism and target organ damage","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67659162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pharmacological management of type 2 diabetes: clinical considerations and future perspectives 2型糖尿病的药理治疗:临床考虑和未来展望

Metabolism and target organ damage Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.20517/mtod.2022.26

Jason Kalloo, Sarkar Priscilla, Amar Puttanna

引用次数: 1

Relationship between sex hormones, markers of adiposity and inflammation in male patients with severe obesity undergoing bariatric surgery 接受减肥手术的男性严重肥胖患者的性激素、肥胖标志物和炎症之间的关系

Metabolism and target organ damage Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.20517/mtod.2023.13

A. Di Vincenzo, M. Crescenzi, M. Granzotto, R. Vettor, M. Rossato

{"title":"Relationship between sex hormones, markers of adiposity and inflammation in male patients with severe obesity undergoing bariatric surgery","authors":"A. Di Vincenzo, M. Crescenzi, M. Granzotto, R. Vettor, M. Rossato","doi":"10.20517/mtod.2023.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mtod.2023.13","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: In males, obesity is characterized by features resembling those observed during aging, such as hypogonadism and cytokines imbalance, yet at an early age. A direct connection between the low-grade inflammatory state and sex steroid abnormalities has been proposed to explain the development of these conditions in obesity. Methods: We evaluated the relationship between sex hormones plasma levels and metabolic and inflammatory parameters in a cohort of patients with grade III obesity (n = 24, BMI 43.4 ± 8.5 kg/m2) undergoing bariatric surgery. Furthermore, we assessed the in vitro effects of testosterone exposure on the expression of markers of adiposity such as FABP-4, PPARγ, leptin, and adiponectin in human-derived adipocytes. Results: A direct correlation was observed between BMI and hsCRP (P < 0.05), while testosterone plasma levels showed a statistically significant inverse correlation with hsCRP, but also with HOMA index, leptin, and von Willebrand factor concentrations (P < 0.05). In human-derived adipocytes, testosterone exposure promotes a reduction in the gene expression of adiposity markers, which is inhibited by co-exposure with the antiandrogen flutamide. Conclusion: Our study shows a relationship between testosterone plasma levels and markers of inflammation in severe obesity, with testosterone exposure affecting adiposity biomarkers expression in humans. In light of these results, hypogonadism should be promptly identified in male patients with obesity and timely treated to reduce the burden of the disease.","PeriodicalId":91001,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism and target organ damage","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67659258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Long COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: a short review COVID-19与糖尿病:简要综述

Metabolism and target organ damage Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.20517/mtod.2022.30

S. Kreutzenberg

引用次数: 1

Cardiovascular outcome trials of GLP-1RAs and SGLT-2 inhibitors: a concise review from the clinicians’ perspective GLP-1RAs和SGLT-2抑制剂的心血管结局试验:从临床医生的角度进行简要回顾

Metabolism and target organ damage Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.20517/mtod.2023.09

T. Min, E. Crockett, A. Pavlou, Stephen C. Bain

引用次数: 0

Male hypogonadism in overweight and obesity 男性性腺功能减退症与超重和肥胖有关

Metabolism and target organ damage Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.20517/mtod.2023.05

E. Armeni

{"title":"Male hypogonadism in overweight and obesity","authors":"E. Armeni","doi":"10.20517/mtod.2023.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mtod.2023.05","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity-related gonadal dysfunction in males has been defined recently as male obesity secondary hypogonadism (MOSH). Affected individuals present with signs and symptoms related to the sex hormone imbalance but also with a burden of metabolic risk factors and occasionally compromised fertility. In pathophysiological terms, excess body fat is associated with leptin and insulin resistance. Accelerated synthesis of leptin and hyperinsulinemia downregulate the expression of kisspeptin receptors and, consequently, the action of kisspeptin. This critical neuropeptide is known to control gonadotropin secretion. In obese males, enhanced activity of the aromatase enzyme is associated with an increase in the conversion of circulating testosterone to estrogen, further promoting a state of hypogonadism. In addition, high fat and low fiber intake alter the intestinal microbiome and the dysfunction of the gut-brain axis. Weight loss appears to be the key to readjusting the function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis. It can be achieved with lifestyle measures in combination with weight loss medications or bariatric surgery. The degree of weight loss appears to resolve the symptoms related to hypogonadism and improve fertility chances. However, the role of hormone replacement is also important, as testosterone replacement has been shown to reduce fat mass and increase the amount of lean body mass while also contributing to weight loss and the regulation of body mass index and waist circumference. This narrative review analyzes the evidence on developing obesity-related endocrinopathies and the available management options. Further research is required to estimate the cut-off of body mass index associated with a higher risk for hypogonadism.","PeriodicalId":91001,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism and target organ damage","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67659207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients: noninvasive evaluation and correlation with cardiovascular disease and mortality 非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者的肝纤维化:无创评估及其与心血管疾病和死亡率的相关性

Metabolism and target organ damage Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.20517/mtod.2022.23

S. Ballestri, A. Mantovani, M. Girolamo, E. Baldelli, M. Capitelli, A. Lonardo

{"title":"Liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients: noninvasive evaluation and correlation with cardiovascular disease and mortality","authors":"S. Ballestri, A. Mantovani, M. Girolamo, E. Baldelli, M. Capitelli, A. Lonardo","doi":"10.20517/mtod.2022.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mtod.2022.23","url":null,"abstract":"Liver fibrosis is critical for liver-related outcomes and mortality in chronic liver disease, irrespective of etiology, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD has been viewed as an independent correlate of cardiovascular risk. This review article briefly describes the cellular and molecular pathomechanisms underlying hepatic fibrosis. We then address noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis. Finally, we discuss published evidence supporting fibrosis biomarkers’ role in assessing cardiovascular risk among patients with NAFLD. While histological assessment is the diagnostic standard of hepatic fibrosis, we specifically address noninvasive techniques, including equations based on anthropometric parameters, laboratory indices, and elastometry obtained with imaging techniques. The former group includes AST: ALT ratio, the Forns Index, the AST-to-platelet ratio index score, BARD (BMI, AAR, Diabetes) score, the fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4), the NAFLD fibrosis score, the gamma-glutamyl transferase-to-platelet ratio, and the Hepamet fibrosis score. The latter comprises elastographic techniques associated with ultrasonography or magnetic resonance. Our literature review identified numerous studies demonstrating that biomarkers of fibrosis (the most common being FIB-4) and elastographic techniques predict overall mortality and major cardiovascular events among NAFLD patients. The mechanisms accounting for this association are briefly reviewed. In addition to assessing hepatic fibrosis at baseline, during follow-up, and after therapeutic interventions in NAFLD patients, noninvasive assessment of hepatic fibrosis may predict cardiovascular events and overall mortality in these patients.","PeriodicalId":91001,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism and target organ damage","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67659411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer 2型糖尿病与前列腺癌的关系

Metabolism and target organ damage Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.20517/mtod.2023.34

Zhiwei Wang, Guiping Yao, Bing Yan, Chenghao Zhanghuang

引用次数: 0

Are hepatocytes endocrine cells? 肝细胞是内分泌细胞吗?

Metabolism and target organ damage Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.20517/mtod.2023.11

Yan Lu, M. Zheng, Hua Wang

引用次数: 0