IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0110

Nathan M. Rowarth, Sophie B. Tattrie, Adrian N. Dauphinee, C. Lacroix, A. Gunawardena

{"title":"Filling in the gaps: a road map to establish a model system to study developmental programmed cell death","authors":"Nathan M. Rowarth, Sophie B. Tattrie, Adrian N. Dauphinee, C. Lacroix, A. Gunawardena","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2022-0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2022-0110","url":null,"abstract":"Only a handful of model systems for studying programmed cell death (PCD) exist. The model Arabidopsis thaliana has generated a plethora of knowledge, but it is essential to introduce new models to broaden our understanding of the commonalities of PCD. This review focuses on Aponogeton madagascariensis (the lace plant) as a choice model to study PCD in vivo. PCD plays a key role in plant development and defence. Thus, identifying key regulators across plants is a priority in the field. The formation of perforations in lace plant leaves in areas called areoles is a striking example of PCD. Cells undergoing PCD within areoles can be easily identified from a loss of their anthocyanin pigmentation. In contrast, cells adjacent to veins, non-PCD cells, retain anthocyanins, creating a gradient of cell death. The spatiotemporal pattern of perforation formation, a gradient of cell death within areoles, and the availability of axenic cultures provide an excellent in vivo system to study mechanisms of developmental PCD. The priorities to further develop this model involve sequencing the genome, establishing transformation protocols, and identifying anthocyanin species to determine their medicinal properties. We discuss practical methodologies and challenges associated with developing the lace plant as a model to study PCD.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41693085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding bud rot development, caused by Botrytis cinerea, on cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) plants grown under greenhouse conditions 了解在温室条件下种植的大麻(cannabis sativa L.)植物上由灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea)引起的芽腐病发育

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2023-05-24 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0139

Mohannad Mahmoud, Ines BenRejeb, Z. Punja, Liam Buirs, S. Jabaji

{"title":"Understanding bud rot development, caused by Botrytis cinerea, on cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) plants grown under greenhouse conditions","authors":"Mohannad Mahmoud, Ines BenRejeb, Z. Punja, Liam Buirs, S. Jabaji","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2022-0139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2022-0139","url":null,"abstract":"Botrytis cinerea is a widespread necrotrophic plant pathogen that causes diseases on >1000 plant species, including vegetables and ornamental greenhouse crops. On cannabis ( Cannabis sativ a L.), the pathogen is responsible for causing “bud rot”, a major disease affecting the inflorescences (compound flowers), as well as seedling damping-off and leaf blight under certain conditions. During greenhouse cultivation, Botrytis cinerea can destroy cannabis inflorescences rapidly under optimal relative humidity conditions (>70%) and moderate temperatures (17–24 °C). Little is currently known about the host–pathogen interactions of Botrytis cinerea on cannabis. Information gleaned from other hosts can provide valuable insights for comparative purposes to understand disease development, epidemiology, and pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea on cannabis crops. This review describes the pathogenesis and host responses to Botrytis infection and assesses potential mechanisms involved in disease resistance. The effects of microclimatic and other environmental conditions on disease development, strategies for early disease detection using prediction models, and the application of biological control agents that can prevent Botrytis cinerea development on cannabis are discussed. Other potential disease management approaches to reduce the impact of Botrytis bud rot are also reviewed. Numerous opportunities for conducting additional research to better understand the cannabis– Botrytis cinerea interaction are identified.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43515313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Untargeted and targeted metabolomics to understand plant growth regulation and evolution in Wollemi pine (Wollemia nobilis) 了解Wollemi pine（Wollemia nobilis）植物生长调控和进化的非靶向和靶向代谢组学

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2023-0017

Ryland T. Giebelhaus, L. Biggs, S. Murch, Lauren A. E. Erland

{"title":"Untargeted and targeted metabolomics to understand plant growth regulation and evolution in Wollemi pine (Wollemia nobilis)","authors":"Ryland T. Giebelhaus, L. Biggs, S. Murch, Lauren A. E. Erland","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2023-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2023-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Wollemi Pine (Wollemia nobilis (Jones, Hill, Allen)) is a living fossil, known only through fossil records until its 1994 discovery in Australia. Wollemi Pine is closely related to Norfolk Island pine (Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Franco) making it an interesting system to study metabolic evolution. We employed untargeted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-based (LC-MS) metabolomics, with chemometrics, pathway analysis, and our novel plant growth regulator (PGR) putative identification tool (HormonomicsDB) to explore the metabolomes of both species. We identified PGR conjugates, and found cytokinin, zeatin, and brassinosteroid pathways to be overrepresented in Wollemi Pine tissues, suggesting these PGRs play an important role in it’s survival. Melatonin, a proposed ancient and stress-related PGR was not identified in untargeted analysis of either species. Based on our untargeted results we employed targeted LC-MS to quantify brassinolide and confirm the absence or presence of melatonin in Wollemi and Norfolk Island pine. Both species had similar concentrations of brassinolide. While Wollemi Pine had significantly higher melatonin levels than Norfolk Island. High levels of melatonin and brassinolide in Wollemin pine supports the hypothesis that these are ancient PGRs that conferred an evolutionary advantage in Wollemi, allowing it to persist.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43486819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The post-fire shift of temperate white pine-birch forest to boreal balsam fir forest in eastern Canada: climate-fire implications 加拿大东部温带白松-桦树林向北方香脂冷杉林的火灾后转变：气候火灾影响

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2023-04-20 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2023-0036

S. Payette, M. Frégeau, P. Couillard, Jason Laflamme

{"title":"The post-fire shift of temperate white pine-birch forest to boreal balsam fir forest in eastern Canada: climate-fire implications","authors":"S. Payette, M. Frégeau, P. Couillard, Jason Laflamme","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2023-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2023-0036","url":null,"abstract":"11Extensive 14C dating and botanical identification of charcoal fragments located in the 12 organic soil surface and buried in the mineral podzolic solum were used to reconstruct the 13 successional pathways of a balsam fir forest site. The studied forest site developed in a 14context of continuous fire disturbance over the last 9000 years with at least 26 fires 15 occurring at a mean interval of 330 years. Tree vegetation of the site followed a four-step 16 trajectory consisting of an early-Holocene spruce forest and a late-Holocene mixedwood 17 balsam fir forest. Boreal-like spruce-birch and temperate-like white pine-birch forests 18dominated the site between 7900-5900 cal. BP and 5600-1275 cal. BP, respectively.19because all forest types developed repeatedly after fire since early deglaciation, changes 20 in forest composition, in particular the shift of white pine forest to balsam fir forest, and 21 concurrent decline of birch (yellow birch and/or paper birch) and pine populations, were 22 most likely related to progressive cooler and wetter conditions from mid- to late23Holocene. Fire disturbance on this part of the southern boreal biome has been a24continuous, positive regenerative process over the Holocene allowing the successional","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49171831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF CARYOCAR BRASILIENSE (CARYOCARACEAE) IN PRESERVED AND DEGRADED CERRADO AREAS IN BRAZIL 巴西塞拉多保存区和退化区核桃科植物的生殖生物学研究

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0132

Stéphanie Queiroz Roque, L. Falcão, A. Rech, J. Silva, P. S. Oliveira, Kleiperry Freitas Ferreira, M. M. do Espírito Santo

{"title":"REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF CARYOCAR BRASILIENSE (CARYOCARACEAE) IN PRESERVED AND DEGRADED CERRADO AREAS IN BRAZIL","authors":"Stéphanie Queiroz Roque, L. Falcão, A. Rech, J. Silva, P. S. Oliveira, Kleiperry Freitas Ferreira, M. M. do Espírito Santo","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2022-0132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2022-0132","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to characterize the reproductive system and determine the importance of pollinators for fruit production of C. brasiliense, an economically important tree, in preserved and degraded Cerrado areas in southeastern Brazil. For this purpose, we performed pollinator exclusion experiments to determine the frequency of self- and cross-pollination, and to determine fruit set. In general, fruit set was extremely low: only 2.92% and 2.71% of the flowers developed into fruits in the degraded and preserved areas, respectively. Fruit set by manual cross-pollination and natural (open) pollination were higher than self-pollination in both areas. Pollen deposition was significantly higher at night and in the preserved area, although a relatively high amount of pollen grains found in the stigmas during the day. The number of ripened and aborted seeds did not differ among areas, but fruits and seeds were heavier in the degraded area than in the preserved area. The abortion level was very high (64.5%), which may be related to low pollen quality due to selfing. Our study presents evidence that Cerrado degradation affects the reproductive biology of C. brasiliense, but whether such effect is a consequence of pollinator decline in degraded areas remains to be determined.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44269775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of industrial disturbances on the flavonoid concentration of Rhododendron groenlandicum 工业干扰对杜鹃类黄酮浓度的影响

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0136

M. Thomas, M. Lamara, Hugo Asselin, N. Fenton

{"title":"Effects of industrial disturbances on the flavonoid concentration of Rhododendron groenlandicum","authors":"M. Thomas, M. Lamara, Hugo Asselin, N. Fenton","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2022-0136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2022-0136","url":null,"abstract":"The boreal forest is subject to various anthropogenic disturbances, including logging, mining, and hydroelectricity production and transport. These disturbances affect Indigenous communities and the culturally salient species they depend on for the practice of traditional and subsistence activities. Rhododendron groenlandicum is one such species whose leaves are used to treat various ailments, due to their concentration in biologically active chemicals such as flavonoids. Our objective was to assess the effect of anthropogenic disturbances on the chemical properties of R. groenlandicum on the territories of three Indigenous communities. Leaf samples were collected near mines, under hydroelectric power lines, and in non-disturbed sites. Our results showed that variations in flavonoid concentration were mainly related to territory (R² = 0.43, P = 0.0005), while disturbance type had a smaller effect (R² = 0.18, P = 0.02). Samples from Nemaska, the northernmost territory with the most open forest stands, had higher concentrations of epicatechin (+23%, P = 0.03). Quercetin-3-glucoside concentrations were lower near mines (-19%, P = 0.01). The effects of disturbances on the chemical signature of R. groenlandicum are complex, and a complete assessment of the consequence of industrial activity on Indigenous landscape value must take into account other culturally salient species.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46214159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genomic description of critical cannabinoid biosynthesis genes 大麻素生物合成关键基因的基因组描述

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2023-04-14 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0140

Peter A. Innes, D. Vergara

{"title":"Genomic description of critical cannabinoid biosynthesis genes","authors":"Peter A. Innes, D. Vergara","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2022-0140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2022-0140","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabinoid production is a key attribute of the plant Cannabis sativa and characterizing the genes involved is an essential first step to develop tools for their optimization. We used bioinformatic approaches to annotate and explore variation in the genes coding for enzymes comprising the cannabinoid pathway: olivetol synthase (OLS), olivetolic acid cyclase (OAC), cannabigerolic acid synthase (CBGAS), and the cannabinoid oxidocyclases (THCAS, CBDAS, CBCAS) in multiple C. sativa genome assemblies from diverse lineages. The former three enzymes generate the precursor molecules for the oxidocyclases to produce cannabinoids THC and CBD. We show that duplications of OLS and OAC are consistent across varieties, and that OAC has the least amount of sequence diversity based on phylogenetic comparisons. We also found that one CBGAS-like gene exhibits copy number variation among varieties. We discuss implications of these genes existing on separate chromosomes (with homologs of each found in close proximity), and the significance of CBGAS being located on the X chromosome for cannabinoid production in female plants. This study provides valuable insight on the genomic identity and variation of cannabinoid biosynthesis genes that will benefit future research on the origin and evolution of this pathway, a driver of economic, social, and medicinal value.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46419148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The woody plant Haloxylon ammodendron (C. A. Mey.) provides new insights into the self-thinning relationship and size inequality with wind erosion stress 木本植物梭梭（C.A.Mey.）为研究风蚀胁迫下的自疏关系和大小不平等提供了新的见解

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2023-04-14 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0123

Yanxia Li, Enbo Liu, K. Mi, Yuyang Song

{"title":"The woody plant Haloxylon ammodendron (C. A. Mey.) provides new insights into the self-thinning relationship and size inequality with wind erosion stress","authors":"Yanxia Li, Enbo Liu, K. Mi, Yuyang Song","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2022-0123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2022-0123","url":null,"abstract":"The self-thinning process and size inequality of plants change with age and wind erosion stress conditions. In this study, we used Haloxylon ammodendron shrubs in their juvenile stage (1–6 years) were the study subjects. Their density, height, and survival were investigated. The relationship between the mean and variation in the densities was calculated using Taylor’s power law, and the change laws of the density clustering state were analyzed. Additionally, changes in size inequality and the self-thinning process were examined. The results indicated that under the same wind erosion stress, the self-thinning slope was positive (P < 0.05); the shrub density aggregation of H. ammodendron became denser with increasing wind erosion stress. The size inequality first increased and then decreased as the developing stage progressed. Under the same stress, the competition index increased with increasing age and decreased with increasing stress. We demonstrated that under a harsher microenvironment for plant growth, plants clustering and growth increased facilitation, resulting in a shift in the net effect of the positive and negative interactions between individuals. Furthermore, the results revealed that as age increased, the size inequality was left-skewed.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44975424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Butterfly Blues: Population Genetic Assessment of Wild Lupine (Lupinus perennis L.) in Endangered Karner Blue Butterfly Habitat around Central-West Michigan 蝴蝶蓝:密歇根州中西部濒临灭绝的卡纳蓝蝶栖息地野生羽扇豆的种群遗传评估

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2023-04-14 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0107

C. Partridge, Priscilla A. Nyamai, A. Hoskins, Syndell R. Parks

{"title":"Butterfly Blues: Population Genetic Assessment of Wild Lupine (Lupinus perennis L.) in Endangered Karner Blue Butterfly Habitat around Central-West Michigan","authors":"C. Partridge, Priscilla A. Nyamai, A. Hoskins, Syndell R. Parks","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2022-0107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2022-0107","url":null,"abstract":"Habitat degradation can have significant effects on native species inhabiting natural ecosystems. Within oak barrens and oak-pine barrens ecosystems, there is a complex interspecies interaction between the federally endangered Karner blue butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) and its obligate host plant, wild lupine (Lupinus perennis L.). Recruitment of wild lupine is critical for maintaining butterfly populations; however, this recruitment can be impeded by habitat fragmentation. Reduced recruitment can result in low genetic diversity in isolated populations, limiting its adaptive potential to respond to environmental change. This study was aimed at understanding the genetic diversity and population structure of wild lupine populations throughout central and west Michigan. We identified significant population structure across most of the populations sampled, with only two sites not significantly different from each other. No sites within our study area displayed statistically significant levels of inbreeding. There are also at least two genetic clusters of wild lupine present within our study region, although there is significant overlap among these groups, indicating that genetic differentiation among clusters may be limited.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48519830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Avian gut passage reduces the germination light-response of Pokeweed (Phytolaca americana) 鸟类肠道通过降低了Pokeweed（Phytolaca americana）的发芽光反应

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2023-0003

D. Matlaga, Julia Baringer, Maggie Ritchey

引用次数: 0

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