IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2022-07-22 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0052

H. Umata, Y. Ota, S. Gale, S. Chuman, Munetaka Nishi, Seiichi Ashihara, F. Yagi

{"title":"Spatial separation of mycobionts in the giant, differentiated root system of Cyrtosia septentrionalis, a fully myco-heterotrophic orchid","authors":"H. Umata, Y. Ota, S. Gale, S. Chuman, Munetaka Nishi, Seiichi Ashihara, F. Yagi","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2022-0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2022-0052","url":null,"abstract":"The rare achlorophyllous orchid Cyrtosia septentrionalis is thought to switch mycobiont from a Physisporinus species (‘TK-10’) to an Armillaria species as it develops. We conducted morphological, chemical and molecular analyses of the root system of three adult plants growing sympatrically in Japan to assess reliance on different mycorrhizae. The root systems were found to comprise several long primary roots that radiate outwards from the emergent stem and many shorter lateral ones. Long roots branched most vigorously where they encountered A. gallica in the soil, and the resulting lateral roots contained the highest density of intra-radical rhizomorphs. One plant was associated with TK-10 and the other two with A. gallica, but only the apical portion of long roots and a few lateral roots were colonized. Mycobionts isolated from the base of long roots proved incapable of germinating C. septentrionalis seeds. Whereas glucose was the dominant monosaccharide in non-mycorrhizal roots, galactose was in mycorrhizal ones. Lateral roots are specialized in mycorrhization and their velamen and mucilage may play a key role in preventing desiccation. We hypothesize that C. septentrionalis can associate with either fungus from germination to adulthood, but that detection of A. gallica in the soil can prompt replacement of TK-10.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47766859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trichomycetes from the Columbia Mountains, British Columbia, Canada 来自加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省哥伦比亚山脉的毛菌

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2022-07-15 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0020

D. Strongman, M. White

引用次数: 0

Advancing the profession and avoiding the commoditization of anesthesiology. 推动麻醉学专业发展，避免麻醉学商品化。

4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Epub Date: 2022-03-14 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-022-02239-8

Scott Wallace

引用次数: 1

Impact of in vitro hormone treatments on the bibenzyl production of Radula complanata 激素处理对扁平Radula双苄基产生的影响

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2022-06-27 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0048

Kaitlyn L Blatt-Janmaat, Steffen Neumann, F. Schmidt, J. Ziegler, Kristian Peters, Yang Qu

{"title":"Impact of in vitro hormone treatments on the bibenzyl production of Radula complanata","authors":"Kaitlyn L Blatt-Janmaat, Steffen Neumann, F. Schmidt, J. Ziegler, Kristian Peters, Yang Qu","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2022-0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2022-0048","url":null,"abstract":"Bibenzyls are a specialized metabolite class found throughout the plant kingdom. One of the most prolific producers of bibenzyls are liverworts, specifically plants of the Radula genera. These plants possess an incredible diversity of bibenzyls, prenylated bibenzyls, and a few (bis)bibenzyls, several of which have medicinal properties, including perrottetinene, an analog of tetrahydrocannabinol from cannabis. To provide insight into the bibenzyls biosynthesis in planta, exogenous phytohormones were applied to in vitro grown Radula complanata and bibenzyl metabolite production was monitored with targeted and untargeted metabolomics. The targeted metabolomic analysis of six prenylated bibenzyls revealed that production of these metabolites was largely reduced when plants were treated with abscisic acid (AA), salicylic acid (SA), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The reduction of these metabolites in the BAP and NAA treatment suggests that prenylated bibenzyl production is negatively correlated with vegetative plant growth. The reduction of bibenzyls at low AA and SA concentrations and mild increase at higher AA and SA concentrations suggests their production is regulated by these stress hormones. In addition, six other bibenzyl metabolites were tentatively identified from the untargeted analysis. These results provide insight into the influence of phytohormones on the bioactive bibenzyl content of Radula complanata.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48041588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Mucilage affects seed water imbibition and germination time of subtropical monsoonal forbs 淤泥对亚热带季风隐翅虫种子吸水率和发芽时间的影响

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2022-06-02 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0034

A. Bhatt, L. F. Daibes, Xingxing Chen, Deshui Yu, Yanli Niu, D. Gallacher

引用次数: 0

COMPARISON OF COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOURS BETWEEN NATIVE AND INVASIVE ECOTYPES OF GARLIC MUSTARD UNDER DIFFERENT DENSITY CONDITIONS, PRESENCE AND IDENTITY OF NEIGHBOURS 不同密度条件下本地和入侵生态型大蒜芥菜竞争行为的比较

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2022-05-21 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2021-0167

Guillermo P. Murphy, Rhythm R. Shah, S. A. Dudley

{"title":"COMPARISON OF COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOURS BETWEEN NATIVE AND INVASIVE ECOTYPES OF GARLIC MUSTARD UNDER DIFFERENT DENSITY CONDITIONS, PRESENCE AND IDENTITY OF NEIGHBOURS","authors":"Guillermo P. Murphy, Rhythm R. Shah, S. A. Dudley","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2021-0167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2021-0167","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive species in monocultures in introduced habitats experience different competitive conditions compared with their native habitats. Invasive monospecific stands can be composed of highly related individuals, creating high opportunity for kin selection in invaded habitats. We investigated the responses of North American and European ecotypes of the invasive species Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata) to aspects of the competitive environment including density, presence and identity of conspecific neighbors. Several aboveground morphological and performance traits responded to density independently of the origin of the plants. Belowground, however, North American ecotypes allocated more resources to roots and particularly to the taproot portion of their root system, while petiole elongation was density dependent with North American ecotypes showing reduced elongation in high density compared to European ecotypes. These results were consistent with the evolution of reduced competitive ability in Garlic Mustard and indicated better resource storage in the introduced environment. Differential responses to neighbour identity indicated the ability for kin recognition in this species. Thus, a combination of natural and kin selection favouring better resource storage and less intra-specific competition, aided by the ability for kin recognition, may be responsible for the success of Garlic Mustard as an invasive species in North America.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42133722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The orchid embryo – ‘an embryonic protocorm’ 兰花胚胎——“胚胎原球茎”

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0017

E. Yeung

{"title":"The orchid embryo – ‘an embryonic protocorm’","authors":"E. Yeung","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2022-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2022-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Orchid embryo development is unusual among flowering plants with many distinctive characteristics. This review highlights the unique features of orchid embryos. After fertilization, the polarity is established in the zygote before its first asymmetric division. In species such as Epidendrum ibaguense, the zygote elongates before the first asymmetric division, while others such as Cymbidium sinense divide without an apparent cell elongation phase. An obvious structural polarity with a prominent vacuole at the micropylar end is not necessarily present in orchid zygotes. The suspensor is derived from the basal cell of a two-celled embryo, and varied morphologies can be found. The suspensor functions in nutrient uptake and can have a morphogenetic role to play in embryo proper development. For embryos without an expanded suspensor, nutrients have to be acquired directly through their surface. The embryo proper develops from the terminal cell of a two-celled embryo. It undergoes a limited number of cell divisions resulting in a tiny embryo with a protocorm body plan. Despite their simple structural organization, orchid embryos have developmental programs as complex as other flowering plants. The ultimate goal of embryo development is to generate a protocorm body plan ready for germination.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46522953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Population-level drought responses in northern oak fern (Gymnocarpium dryopteris) 北方栎蕨种群水平的干旱响应

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2022-05-17 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2021-0114

A. Winkel, Lisa J. Wood

{"title":"Population-level drought responses in northern oak fern (Gymnocarpium dryopteris)","authors":"A. Winkel, Lisa J. Wood","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2021-0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2021-0114","url":null,"abstract":"Ferns serve as an invaluable indicator species for soil moisture and distribution patterns of other plant groups. Northern oak fern (Gymnocarpium dryopteris), a common fern in the interior of British Columbia, Canada, has received little research attention despite its prevalent use in the forest resource sector as an indicator species for moisture. To understand the impact of water deficits on oak fern, we sampled in two different ecoregions in interior British Columbia and assessed acclimation to drought, by measuring the size and abundance of stomata in each region. We then subjected the ferns to a period of drought, and recorded the response to stress by measuring the photosynthetic efficiency of the oak fern populations over time. Differences existed in the morphology of oak fern populations; ferns from the wetter ecoregion possessed more, larger stomata then those from the drier ecoregion. Oak ferns from both regional populations were significantly reliant on moisture present in the soil and air to maintain photosynthetic efficiency, and < 20% of the population remained healthy after the 18-day drought period. The stress response of both oak fern populations followed a similar pattern; differences in stomate size and abundance did not result in differences in drought tolerance.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46715339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Anatomy of the hinge region of the petiole of prostrate leaves of the wintergreen fern Polystichum acrostichoides (Dryopteridaceae) 冬青蕨(毛蕨科)匍匐叶叶柄铰链区的解剖

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2021-0228

Jinyan Guo

{"title":"Anatomy of the hinge region of the petiole of prostrate leaves of the wintergreen fern Polystichum acrostichoides (Dryopteridaceae)","authors":"Jinyan Guo","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2021-0228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2021-0228","url":null,"abstract":"The reorientation of leaves of Polystichum acrostichoides to a prostrate position is achieved by forming a hinge region near the base of the petiole. Anatomical details of the Distal Transition Zone (DTZ), Folding Zone (FZ), and Proximal Transition Zone (PTZ) of the hinge region were studied using light microscopy. Data showed that the vascular bundles are intact throughout the hinge region. Towards the FZ, the DTZ and PTZ have an increasing number of cortical cells that underwent deformation and protoplast degeneration, and cell nuclei are apparent in strongly deformed cortical cells. In the FZ, the petiole is compressed, having a network of cell walls of dead cortical cells with patches of turgid cortical cells and largely intact endodermis surrounding the vascular bundles (VBs). The helical secondary wall thickenings of the protoxylem and scalariform thickenings of the metaxylem may contribute to the flexibility of the VBs. This study provided evidence for the deformation and degeneration of cortical cells, which is responsible for the loss of turgidity of the hinge region while their cell walls may provide cushioning during bending and insulation for the living tissues under the snowpack, illustrating a unique strategy of ferns to adapt to a cold environment.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41585837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of MYB genes in four plant species and the detection of genes associated with drought resistance 四种植物MYB基因的分析及抗旱相关基因的检测

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2022-04-22 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2020-0227

Yanli Zhou, Lin Lu, N. Liu, Hua Cao, Han Li, Daping Gui, Jihua Wang, Chengjun Zhang

{"title":"Analysis of MYB genes in four plant species and the detection of genes associated with drought resistance","authors":"Yanli Zhou, Lin Lu, N. Liu, Hua Cao, Han Li, Daping Gui, Jihua Wang, Chengjun Zhang","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2020-0227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2020-0227","url":null,"abstract":"MYB transcription factor, which contains a conserved DNA binding domain, has been found in almost all eukaryotes. MYB genes have variable functions in plants and are involved in many pathways. We systemically analyzed the MYB gene family in three Ericaceae species, Rhododendron williamsianum Rehder & E.H. Wilson, Rhododendron delavayi Franch., and Vaccinium corymbosum L., and one outgroup, Actinidia chinensis Planch., with 99, 156, 480, and 185 MYB genes found, respectively. The MYB genes were classified into five types based on the number of conserved MYB motifs, and the two repeat (2R) types were dominant in all four species. The percentage of 2R type MYB ranged from 48.5% to 87.9% depending on the species. We further classified the conserved MYB motifs into M1, M2, and M3 types based on motif definition. We found an abundance of 3xM2 type in the 3R group, but found a species-specific type preference for 1R and 2R genes. In searching for Arabidopsis drought-resistant genes, we detected 34 potential candidates in four species. The expression profile of R. delavayi showed 11 candidate drought-resistant RdMYB genes, which provide a potential molecular design target for breeders. Our results describe the MYB gene family in these four species and could play an important role in future analyses.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47272976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

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