IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2022-08-02 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2021-0171

M. Lavoie, P. Grondin, C. Caron, A. Larouche, Véronique Poirier

{"title":"Rapid mixed forest encroachment and the expansion of red maple (Acer rubrum) in a peatland: a dendroecological and paleoecological approach","authors":"M. Lavoie, P. Grondin, C. Caron, A. Larouche, Véronique Poirier","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2021-0171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2021-0171","url":null,"abstract":"Some ombrotrophic peatlands in temperate regions have been characterized by a process of rapid densification of their forest cover for several decades. This phenomenon is particularly marked in southern Québec (Canada), where a number of peatlands now contain mixed forest stands. The present study aimed to document the woody encroachment dynamics of a peatland colonized by Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch and Acer rubrum L. The specific objectives were to characterize the contemporary dynamics of the forest cover through analysis of dendrometric, dendrochronological, and aerial photographs, and to reconstruct the evolution of tree species present in situ since the peatland’s origin through botanical identification of ligneous remains collected in excavations of the peat as well as macrofossil analysis of a sedimentary core. The vegetation cover underwent rapid transformation beginning in the 1970s, first by the densification of L. laricina, followed by the expansion of A. rubrum. This transformation followed several millennia during which the peatland continuously presented a shrub-dominated cover with a few scattered coniferous trees. The rapid expansion of a mixed forest cover is a unique event in the peatland’s history. Acer rubrum progressively replaced L. laricina and, in the more or less long-term, should become the dominant species.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42563611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Temporal shifts in reproductive phenology of cycads: a comparative study in Ceratozamia 苏铁生殖物候的时间变化:一项在Ceratozamia的比较研究

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2022-07-28 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0053

L. Martínez-Domínguez, Fernando Nicolalde‐Morejón, Francisco Vergara-Silva, D. Stevenson

{"title":"Temporal shifts in reproductive phenology of cycads: a comparative study in Ceratozamia","authors":"L. Martínez-Domínguez, Fernando Nicolalde‐Morejón, Francisco Vergara-Silva, D. Stevenson","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2022-0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2022-0053","url":null,"abstract":"The reproductive phenology in plants consists of successive life cycle phases leading to reproductive success. In seed plants, cycads and other dioecious groups have complex reproductive systems, where individuals require synchronizations among two sexes and populations of the same species. Here we analyzed phenology between populations of three geographically close species in the cycad genus Ceratozamia. We described the lifespan of pollen and ovulate strobili and their morphological changes throughout ontogeny and evaluated synchrony among reproductive events, focusing on the timing and abundance of the receptivity and open pollen phases. Our results showed that the reproductive timing in the three species was highly synchronous, and that the overlap between the receptivity and open pollen phases could point to gene flow among populations of different species. We identified a correlation between the reproductive patterns and the temperature and precipitation regimes. Pollen and ovulate strobili were produced during the rainy season, whereas the period of synchrony between receptivity and pollen occurred during the dry season. The seed release occurred during the rainy season, which could contribute to keep the seed moist and prevent the embryo from drying out. Finally, we highlight the utility of studies in wild populations for the ecological and evolutionary understanding of phenological patterns in cycads.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45088588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatial separation of mycobionts in the giant, differentiated root system of Cyrtosia septentrionalis, a fully myco-heterotrophic orchid 全异养型七叶兰巨型分化根系中分枝体的空间分离

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2022-07-22 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0052

H. Umata, Y. Ota, S. Gale, S. Chuman, Munetaka Nishi, Seiichi Ashihara, F. Yagi

{"title":"Spatial separation of mycobionts in the giant, differentiated root system of Cyrtosia septentrionalis, a fully myco-heterotrophic orchid","authors":"H. Umata, Y. Ota, S. Gale, S. Chuman, Munetaka Nishi, Seiichi Ashihara, F. Yagi","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2022-0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2022-0052","url":null,"abstract":"The rare achlorophyllous orchid Cyrtosia septentrionalis is thought to switch mycobiont from a Physisporinus species (‘TK-10’) to an Armillaria species as it develops. We conducted morphological, chemical and molecular analyses of the root system of three adult plants growing sympatrically in Japan to assess reliance on different mycorrhizae. The root systems were found to comprise several long primary roots that radiate outwards from the emergent stem and many shorter lateral ones. Long roots branched most vigorously where they encountered A. gallica in the soil, and the resulting lateral roots contained the highest density of intra-radical rhizomorphs. One plant was associated with TK-10 and the other two with A. gallica, but only the apical portion of long roots and a few lateral roots were colonized. Mycobionts isolated from the base of long roots proved incapable of germinating C. septentrionalis seeds. Whereas glucose was the dominant monosaccharide in non-mycorrhizal roots, galactose was in mycorrhizal ones. Lateral roots are specialized in mycorrhization and their velamen and mucilage may play a key role in preventing desiccation. We hypothesize that C. septentrionalis can associate with either fungus from germination to adulthood, but that detection of A. gallica in the soil can prompt replacement of TK-10.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47766859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trichomycetes from the Columbia Mountains, British Columbia, Canada 来自加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省哥伦比亚山脉的毛菌

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2022-07-15 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0020

D. Strongman, M. White

引用次数: 0

Advancing the profession and avoiding the commoditization of anesthesiology. 推动麻醉学专业发展，避免麻醉学商品化。

4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Epub Date: 2022-03-14 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-022-02239-8

Scott Wallace

引用次数: 1

Impact of in vitro hormone treatments on the bibenzyl production of Radula complanata 激素处理对扁平Radula双苄基产生的影响

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2022-06-27 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0048

Kaitlyn L Blatt-Janmaat, Steffen Neumann, F. Schmidt, J. Ziegler, Kristian Peters, Yang Qu

{"title":"Impact of in vitro hormone treatments on the bibenzyl production of Radula complanata","authors":"Kaitlyn L Blatt-Janmaat, Steffen Neumann, F. Schmidt, J. Ziegler, Kristian Peters, Yang Qu","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2022-0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2022-0048","url":null,"abstract":"Bibenzyls are a specialized metabolite class found throughout the plant kingdom. One of the most prolific producers of bibenzyls are liverworts, specifically plants of the Radula genera. These plants possess an incredible diversity of bibenzyls, prenylated bibenzyls, and a few (bis)bibenzyls, several of which have medicinal properties, including perrottetinene, an analog of tetrahydrocannabinol from cannabis. To provide insight into the bibenzyls biosynthesis in planta, exogenous phytohormones were applied to in vitro grown Radula complanata and bibenzyl metabolite production was monitored with targeted and untargeted metabolomics. The targeted metabolomic analysis of six prenylated bibenzyls revealed that production of these metabolites was largely reduced when plants were treated with abscisic acid (AA), salicylic acid (SA), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The reduction of these metabolites in the BAP and NAA treatment suggests that prenylated bibenzyl production is negatively correlated with vegetative plant growth. The reduction of bibenzyls at low AA and SA concentrations and mild increase at higher AA and SA concentrations suggests their production is regulated by these stress hormones. In addition, six other bibenzyl metabolites were tentatively identified from the untargeted analysis. These results provide insight into the influence of phytohormones on the bioactive bibenzyl content of Radula complanata.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48041588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Mucilage affects seed water imbibition and germination time of subtropical monsoonal forbs 淤泥对亚热带季风隐翅虫种子吸水率和发芽时间的影响

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2022-06-02 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0034

A. Bhatt, L. F. Daibes, Xingxing Chen, Deshui Yu, Yanli Niu, D. Gallacher

引用次数: 0

COMPARISON OF COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOURS BETWEEN NATIVE AND INVASIVE ECOTYPES OF GARLIC MUSTARD UNDER DIFFERENT DENSITY CONDITIONS, PRESENCE AND IDENTITY OF NEIGHBOURS 不同密度条件下本地和入侵生态型大蒜芥菜竞争行为的比较

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2022-05-21 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2021-0167

Guillermo P. Murphy, Rhythm R. Shah, S. A. Dudley

{"title":"COMPARISON OF COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOURS BETWEEN NATIVE AND INVASIVE ECOTYPES OF GARLIC MUSTARD UNDER DIFFERENT DENSITY CONDITIONS, PRESENCE AND IDENTITY OF NEIGHBOURS","authors":"Guillermo P. Murphy, Rhythm R. Shah, S. A. Dudley","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2021-0167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2021-0167","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive species in monocultures in introduced habitats experience different competitive conditions compared with their native habitats. Invasive monospecific stands can be composed of highly related individuals, creating high opportunity for kin selection in invaded habitats. We investigated the responses of North American and European ecotypes of the invasive species Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata) to aspects of the competitive environment including density, presence and identity of conspecific neighbors. Several aboveground morphological and performance traits responded to density independently of the origin of the plants. Belowground, however, North American ecotypes allocated more resources to roots and particularly to the taproot portion of their root system, while petiole elongation was density dependent with North American ecotypes showing reduced elongation in high density compared to European ecotypes. These results were consistent with the evolution of reduced competitive ability in Garlic Mustard and indicated better resource storage in the introduced environment. Differential responses to neighbour identity indicated the ability for kin recognition in this species. Thus, a combination of natural and kin selection favouring better resource storage and less intra-specific competition, aided by the ability for kin recognition, may be responsible for the success of Garlic Mustard as an invasive species in North America.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42133722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The orchid embryo – ‘an embryonic protocorm’ 兰花胚胎——“胚胎原球茎”

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0017

E. Yeung

{"title":"The orchid embryo – ‘an embryonic protocorm’","authors":"E. Yeung","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2022-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2022-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Orchid embryo development is unusual among flowering plants with many distinctive characteristics. This review highlights the unique features of orchid embryos. After fertilization, the polarity is established in the zygote before its first asymmetric division. In species such as Epidendrum ibaguense, the zygote elongates before the first asymmetric division, while others such as Cymbidium sinense divide without an apparent cell elongation phase. An obvious structural polarity with a prominent vacuole at the micropylar end is not necessarily present in orchid zygotes. The suspensor is derived from the basal cell of a two-celled embryo, and varied morphologies can be found. The suspensor functions in nutrient uptake and can have a morphogenetic role to play in embryo proper development. For embryos without an expanded suspensor, nutrients have to be acquired directly through their surface. The embryo proper develops from the terminal cell of a two-celled embryo. It undergoes a limited number of cell divisions resulting in a tiny embryo with a protocorm body plan. Despite their simple structural organization, orchid embryos have developmental programs as complex as other flowering plants. The ultimate goal of embryo development is to generate a protocorm body plan ready for germination.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46522953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Population-level drought responses in northern oak fern (Gymnocarpium dryopteris) 北方栎蕨种群水平的干旱响应

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2022-05-17 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2021-0114

A. Winkel, Lisa J. Wood

{"title":"Population-level drought responses in northern oak fern (Gymnocarpium dryopteris)","authors":"A. Winkel, Lisa J. Wood","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2021-0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2021-0114","url":null,"abstract":"Ferns serve as an invaluable indicator species for soil moisture and distribution patterns of other plant groups. Northern oak fern (Gymnocarpium dryopteris), a common fern in the interior of British Columbia, Canada, has received little research attention despite its prevalent use in the forest resource sector as an indicator species for moisture. To understand the impact of water deficits on oak fern, we sampled in two different ecoregions in interior British Columbia and assessed acclimation to drought, by measuring the size and abundance of stomata in each region. We then subjected the ferns to a period of drought, and recorded the response to stress by measuring the photosynthetic efficiency of the oak fern populations over time. Differences existed in the morphology of oak fern populations; ferns from the wetter ecoregion possessed more, larger stomata then those from the drier ecoregion. Oak ferns from both regional populations were significantly reliant on moisture present in the soil and air to maintain photosynthetic efficiency, and < 20% of the population remained healthy after the 18-day drought period. The stress response of both oak fern populations followed a similar pattern; differences in stomate size and abundance did not result in differences in drought tolerance.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46715339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

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