IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0063

Celeste Ceballos, M. C. Ferrero, N. L. Aliscioni, M. L. Las Peñas, D. Gurvich

{"title":"Do larger plants produce more and better seeds and seedlings? Testing the hypothesis in a globose cactus, Wigginsia sessiliflora.","authors":"Celeste Ceballos, M. C. Ferrero, N. L. Aliscioni, M. L. Las Peñas, D. Gurvich","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2022-0063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2022-0063","url":null,"abstract":"In iteroparous plants, an increase in allocation to reproduction is expected with increasing plant size. The aim of this study was to analyze how plant diameter is related to total produced seed mass, seed number, mean seed mass, percentage and mean germination time (MGT), and seedling size and shape in Wigginsia sessiliflora (Cactaceae), a slow-growing globose species from central Argentina. Plant diameter was measured in a population of n185 individuals, and fruits were collected. We counted all seeds to obtain seed number, and weighed them to get seed mass and total seed mass. Seeds were germinated and data of germination percentage and MGT were collected. We also measured the size (height and width) and shape of seedlings (height/width relationship). Fifty four percent of the plants did not produce fruits. Plant diameter was unimodally related to fruit number, total seed mass, and seed number, i.e. intermediate-sized plants presented the highest values. Height and shape of seedlings were positively related to plant diameter. Surprisingly, plant diameter was related in a unimodal way to reproductive outputs. As plants grow, surface-volume ratio decreases, meaning that respiratory losses would be higher than the increase in photosynthetic capacity; therefore, fewer resources may be available for reproduction.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44703156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Secretory system in Cuphea calophylla (Lythraceae): the bi-compartmentalization of epidermal cells, reclassification of glandular appendages, and the first report of hydathodes 茶树的分泌系统:表皮细胞的双区室化、腺附属物的重新分类和水合器官的首次报道

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2022-09-06 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0031

D. P. Seixas, T. M. Rodrigues

{"title":"Secretory system in Cuphea calophylla (Lythraceae): the bi-compartmentalization of epidermal cells, reclassification of glandular appendages, and the first report of hydathodes","authors":"D. P. Seixas, T. M. Rodrigues","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2022-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2022-0031","url":null,"abstract":"Cuphea calophylla Cham. & Schltdl. is a Lythraceae subshrub that occurs in different environmental conditions. The aerial portions of this plant have medicinal properties and are used for soap production. We assessed the structure, ultrastructure, and histochemistry of the secretory cells and tissues in C. calophylla leaves and stems to further understand its secretory system. Hydathodes with epithem, tracheary elements, and water pores occur at the leaf border and are here described for the first time for a Cuphea species. Glandular appendages occur in leaves and stems and are characterized by a wide basis and a narrower apical portion that exuded sticky material. Ontogenetical analysis showed that these appendages are glandular emergences; phenolic compounds, mucilage, and lipids were produced in their cells which exhibited Golgi bodies, vesicles, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, oil drops, and plastids. The epidermis of the leaf blade has bi-compartmentalized secretory cells divided by a cellulosic septum in their equatorial region. These cells contain phenolic compounds in the upper compartment and mucilage in the lower compartment. Our results shed light on the sites producing bioactive compounds in C. calophylla and expand the knowledge on the secretory system in Lythraceae, promoting a reclassification and an identification of new structures.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46350759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fungal endophytes affecting the health and recovery of Long’s Braya (Braya longii) and Fernald’s Braya (Braya fernaldii), endangered endemic species of Newfoundland, Canada 真菌内生菌对加拿大纽芬兰地区濒危特有物种龙氏布拉亚(Braya longii)和费尔纳德布拉亚(Braya fernaldii)健康和恢复的影响

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2022-08-25 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0058

P. Y. de la Bastide, T. Finston, L. Hermanutz, W. Hintz

{"title":"Fungal endophytes affecting the health and recovery of Long’s Braya (Braya longii) and Fernald’s Braya (Braya fernaldii), endangered endemic species of Newfoundland, Canada","authors":"P. Y. de la Bastide, T. Finston, L. Hermanutz, W. Hintz","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2022-0058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2022-0058","url":null,"abstract":"Long’s (Braya longii) and Fernald’s (B. fernaldii) Braya are endemic to the Great Northern Peninsula of Newfoundland, Canada. These herbaceous perennials are endangered due to habitat loss and degradation, as well as ongoing threats from fungal infections and insect herbivory. While recovery plans are being implemented, the identity of pathogenic fungi and their origins remain largely unknown. This study was initiated to describe the associated fungal community and infection symptoms. Plant tissues from three populations were sampled over five years yielding 326 fungal isolates identified primarily by nucleotide sequence analysis of the ITS-rDNA region. Isolates included 36 taxa, 16 of which were detected once and 5 detected three times or less. In contrast, 12 taxa were detected across multiple sites, sampling intervals and years. These included two species of Alternaria, Boeremia exigua, closely related species of the Didymellaceae, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium sp., Colletotrichum sp., Stagonosporopsis sp., Pleospora sp. and Truncatella angustata. Some common taxa showed seasonal trends. The isolated fungi included known pathogens of Brassicaceae. The plants in this study frequently showed symptoms indicative of fungal infection and insect herbivory. These findings improve our knowledge of Braya endophyte communities and will inform recovery efforts for these endangered species.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63989504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Peronospora variabilis is associated with downy mildew of Chenopodium berlandieri in Mexico Peronospora变异体与墨西哥白绒藜的霜霉病有关

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2022-08-23 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0074

R. Félix-Gastélum, K. Y. Leyva-Madrigal, Luis Roberto Sánchez-Parra, G. A. Mora-Romero

引用次数: 0

The role of environmental stressors on reproduction, seed morphology, and germination: A case-study of Northern White Cedar, Thuja occidentalis L. 环境胁迫对繁殖、种子形态和发芽的影响——以北方白雪松为例。

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2022-08-08 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0007

S. Johnson, E. Janssen, Nicholas Glass, P. Dickerson, C. Whelan, B. Molano‐Flores

{"title":"The role of environmental stressors on reproduction, seed morphology, and germination: A case-study of Northern White Cedar, Thuja occidentalis L.","authors":"S. Johnson, E. Janssen, Nicholas Glass, P. Dickerson, C. Whelan, B. Molano‐Flores","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in resource allocation from parent to offspring can have effects on the dispersal, recruitment, and survival of progeny, with impacts sometimes extending across generations. In plants, environmental stressors not only impact the growth of mature individuals but can also alter the provisioning of resources to developing seeds, further extending to embryo development and reproduction. In this study, we compare seed biomass, morphology, seed set, and germination among two natural populations and three additional seed sources of Thuja occidentalis (Northern White Cedar), a fen-dependent species in the Chicago IL region. Chicago Junior School and Trout Park were once contiguous populations, now bisected by the I-90 toll road, and are heavily impacted by human disturbance and external pollutants. Variation was observed in seed morphology, cone biomass, and seed set among study sites with Trout Park trees producing fewer seeds and smaller cones than any other site in our study. Despite morphological differences, germination was low overall except for commercial seed. Differences among the two neighboring sites implicate that Trout Park is disproportionately affected by environmental factors (e.g., road salts and altered hydrology) compared to Chicago Junior School, potentially impacting the growth and recruitment of Thuja occidentalis in these urban populations.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43562154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Rapid mixed forest encroachment and the expansion of red maple (Acer rubrum) in a peatland: a dendroecological and paleoecological approach 泥炭地快速混交林入侵与红枫扩张:树木生态与古生态研究

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2022-08-02 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2021-0171

M. Lavoie, P. Grondin, C. Caron, A. Larouche, Véronique Poirier

{"title":"Rapid mixed forest encroachment and the expansion of red maple (Acer rubrum) in a peatland: a dendroecological and paleoecological approach","authors":"M. Lavoie, P. Grondin, C. Caron, A. Larouche, Véronique Poirier","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2021-0171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2021-0171","url":null,"abstract":"Some ombrotrophic peatlands in temperate regions have been characterized by a process of rapid densification of their forest cover for several decades. This phenomenon is particularly marked in southern Québec (Canada), where a number of peatlands now contain mixed forest stands. The present study aimed to document the woody encroachment dynamics of a peatland colonized by Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch and Acer rubrum L. The specific objectives were to characterize the contemporary dynamics of the forest cover through analysis of dendrometric, dendrochronological, and aerial photographs, and to reconstruct the evolution of tree species present in situ since the peatland’s origin through botanical identification of ligneous remains collected in excavations of the peat as well as macrofossil analysis of a sedimentary core. The vegetation cover underwent rapid transformation beginning in the 1970s, first by the densification of L. laricina, followed by the expansion of A. rubrum. This transformation followed several millennia during which the peatland continuously presented a shrub-dominated cover with a few scattered coniferous trees. The rapid expansion of a mixed forest cover is a unique event in the peatland’s history. Acer rubrum progressively replaced L. laricina and, in the more or less long-term, should become the dominant species.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42563611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Temporal shifts in reproductive phenology of cycads: a comparative study in Ceratozamia 苏铁生殖物候的时间变化:一项在Ceratozamia的比较研究

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2022-07-28 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0053

L. Martínez-Domínguez, Fernando Nicolalde‐Morejón, Francisco Vergara-Silva, D. Stevenson

{"title":"Temporal shifts in reproductive phenology of cycads: a comparative study in Ceratozamia","authors":"L. Martínez-Domínguez, Fernando Nicolalde‐Morejón, Francisco Vergara-Silva, D. Stevenson","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2022-0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2022-0053","url":null,"abstract":"The reproductive phenology in plants consists of successive life cycle phases leading to reproductive success. In seed plants, cycads and other dioecious groups have complex reproductive systems, where individuals require synchronizations among two sexes and populations of the same species. Here we analyzed phenology between populations of three geographically close species in the cycad genus Ceratozamia. We described the lifespan of pollen and ovulate strobili and their morphological changes throughout ontogeny and evaluated synchrony among reproductive events, focusing on the timing and abundance of the receptivity and open pollen phases. Our results showed that the reproductive timing in the three species was highly synchronous, and that the overlap between the receptivity and open pollen phases could point to gene flow among populations of different species. We identified a correlation between the reproductive patterns and the temperature and precipitation regimes. Pollen and ovulate strobili were produced during the rainy season, whereas the period of synchrony between receptivity and pollen occurred during the dry season. The seed release occurred during the rainy season, which could contribute to keep the seed moist and prevent the embryo from drying out. Finally, we highlight the utility of studies in wild populations for the ecological and evolutionary understanding of phenological patterns in cycads.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45088588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatial separation of mycobionts in the giant, differentiated root system of Cyrtosia septentrionalis, a fully myco-heterotrophic orchid 全异养型七叶兰巨型分化根系中分枝体的空间分离

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2022-07-22 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0052

H. Umata, Y. Ota, S. Gale, S. Chuman, Munetaka Nishi, Seiichi Ashihara, F. Yagi

{"title":"Spatial separation of mycobionts in the giant, differentiated root system of Cyrtosia septentrionalis, a fully myco-heterotrophic orchid","authors":"H. Umata, Y. Ota, S. Gale, S. Chuman, Munetaka Nishi, Seiichi Ashihara, F. Yagi","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2022-0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2022-0052","url":null,"abstract":"The rare achlorophyllous orchid Cyrtosia septentrionalis is thought to switch mycobiont from a Physisporinus species (‘TK-10’) to an Armillaria species as it develops. We conducted morphological, chemical and molecular analyses of the root system of three adult plants growing sympatrically in Japan to assess reliance on different mycorrhizae. The root systems were found to comprise several long primary roots that radiate outwards from the emergent stem and many shorter lateral ones. Long roots branched most vigorously where they encountered A. gallica in the soil, and the resulting lateral roots contained the highest density of intra-radical rhizomorphs. One plant was associated with TK-10 and the other two with A. gallica, but only the apical portion of long roots and a few lateral roots were colonized. Mycobionts isolated from the base of long roots proved incapable of germinating C. septentrionalis seeds. Whereas glucose was the dominant monosaccharide in non-mycorrhizal roots, galactose was in mycorrhizal ones. Lateral roots are specialized in mycorrhization and their velamen and mucilage may play a key role in preventing desiccation. We hypothesize that C. septentrionalis can associate with either fungus from germination to adulthood, but that detection of A. gallica in the soil can prompt replacement of TK-10.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47766859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trichomycetes from the Columbia Mountains, British Columbia, Canada 来自加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省哥伦比亚山脉的毛菌

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2022-07-15 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0020

D. Strongman, M. White

引用次数: 0

Impact of in vitro hormone treatments on the bibenzyl production of Radula complanata 激素处理对扁平Radula双苄基产生的影响

IF 1.1 4区生物学

Botany Pub Date : 2022-06-27 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0048

Kaitlyn L Blatt-Janmaat, Steffen Neumann, F. Schmidt, J. Ziegler, Kristian Peters, Yang Qu

{"title":"Impact of in vitro hormone treatments on the bibenzyl production of Radula complanata","authors":"Kaitlyn L Blatt-Janmaat, Steffen Neumann, F. Schmidt, J. Ziegler, Kristian Peters, Yang Qu","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2022-0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2022-0048","url":null,"abstract":"Bibenzyls are a specialized metabolite class found throughout the plant kingdom. One of the most prolific producers of bibenzyls are liverworts, specifically plants of the Radula genera. These plants possess an incredible diversity of bibenzyls, prenylated bibenzyls, and a few (bis)bibenzyls, several of which have medicinal properties, including perrottetinene, an analog of tetrahydrocannabinol from cannabis. To provide insight into the bibenzyls biosynthesis in planta, exogenous phytohormones were applied to in vitro grown Radula complanata and bibenzyl metabolite production was monitored with targeted and untargeted metabolomics. The targeted metabolomic analysis of six prenylated bibenzyls revealed that production of these metabolites was largely reduced when plants were treated with abscisic acid (AA), salicylic acid (SA), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The reduction of these metabolites in the BAP and NAA treatment suggests that prenylated bibenzyl production is negatively correlated with vegetative plant growth. The reduction of bibenzyls at low AA and SA concentrations and mild increase at higher AA and SA concentrations suggests their production is regulated by these stress hormones. In addition, six other bibenzyl metabolites were tentatively identified from the untargeted analysis. These results provide insight into the influence of phytohormones on the bioactive bibenzyl content of Radula complanata.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48041588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

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